《淮南子》蕴《易》考

《淮南子》中引《易》或与易学相关的内容,应本之于《淮南道训》。这些内容与帛书《易传》及《汉书.艺文志》所记载的易学古籍都有着十分密切的传承关系。通过相关章节的比较,我们认为《淮南子》中引《易》论《易》的文字,确由帛《易》流传而来,确为孔子之传。《淮南子》中论"五帝三王"的内容或与《韩氏易传》相关。《淮南子.天文训》包含了丰富的象数易学理论,有些可能是《汉书.艺文志》所载的《古五子》的遗说,有些则是魏相《易阴阳》的内容,还有一些与京房易学中的"纳甲"筮法相合辙。     

《管子》对《淮南子》的影响

《管子》对《淮南子》的影响,体现在文本和思想两个方面。《淮南子》中,既有对《管子》文本的袭用,也有对《管子》思想的继承。这与汉初的社会思潮和该书的编撰意图有关,也与淮南王刘安门下聚集了一部分来自齐地的学者有直接关系。     

《文子》与《淮南子》思想之异同

《文子》与《淮南子》都是反映秦汉黄老之学的著作。《文子》的道论偏重于考察“道” 的实体,《淮南子》则偏重于探索“道”的历程;《文子》的无为论着眼于对老子“无为”的改造,《淮南子》的“无为”则突出了人的主体性内容;《文子》在融合百家之学方面,坚持以道为主,兼取各家;而《淮南子》则表现了儒道整合的倾向。《文子》与《淮南子》的思想异同,既展示了秦汉黄老之学的演化,又从思想发展的逻辑证明了《文子》的成书年代先于《淮南子》。     

试论《淮南子》中齐地的五行思想

《淮南子》中保存了大量的关于五行思想的资料,通过分析排比这些资料,我们能够勾勒出《淮南子》阴阳五行的大致框架,这将有助于我们更好地把握它的内容。同时,在五行思想上,《淮南子》与《管子》、《吕氏春秋》、《春秋繁露》等书有着密切的联系,通过论述《淮南子》中的五行思想,可以发现它们之间的内在联系。     

《淮南子》哲学思想述评

《淮南子》是由淮南王刘安(公元前179——122年)主持、众宾客集体撰写而成。这是继《吕氏春秋》之后,一部以道为主兼采众说的体系较完整的鸿篇巨制,对汉以后的学术思想产生了重大的影响。 本文仅就《淮南子》哲学思想中的几个主要方面加以论列。由于刘安哲学是董仲舒哲学的对立面,所以也不得不对它们进行一些比较研究。     

论《淮南子》的管子观

作为秦汉道家的重要论著,《淮南子》对管子有着多方面的思想认识,表达出由衷的尊崇之情,将其看作春秋时期的政治伟人之一。虽然《淮南子》对管子生平所言不多,但极为推重,赞赏其忍辱进取、兴国为民的政治精神,称扬其尊王攘夷、佐桓兴齐的政治功业,视之为“贤相”楷模。立足黄老,《淮南子》论管与儒、法家有异,彰显出鲜明的道家精神,并试图借鉴管子兴齐的政治经验,探求西汉王朝的长盛之谋。     

《淮南子》的学习心理思想

《淮南子》,又名《淮南鸿烈》。汉淮南王刘安编著。唐刘知几说：“其书牢笼天地。博极古今。”其广博的内容中蕴含有颇为丰富的学习心理思想。本文即拟对此作一探讨。     

论《淮南子》的墨子观

《淮南子》对墨子持有复杂的政治认识与态度,这在秦汉思想史上具有一定的代表性。从黄老道家的根本立场出发,“批墨”是《淮南子》政治思想的基本主张,但与此同时,《淮南子》也内在地显示出“尊墨”的政治情怀,进而试图对墨子政治思想有所借鉴和汲取,达到“融墨”之理论目的。对待墨子及其政治思想的历史态度,既凸显出《淮南子》立足黄老,融通诸子的博大精神,也彰显出墨子在秦汉政治思想发展中独特的历史影响。     

竹简《文子》新探

1.《文子》残简四次称引“传曰”,即指早于竹简的传本《文子》。传本《文子》与今本《文子》非问答体部分有着一致性。2.《越绝书》、《淮南子》所称引的“传”正是指传本《文子》。3.九篇本《文子》即由“传”本《文子》和竹简问答体《文子》汇编而来,今本《文子》乃是承袭九篇本而来。4.今本《文子》与《淮南子》互见部分有共同来源,即传本《文子》。     

《淮南子》作者考

关于《淮南子》的作者 ,有比较含混和比较明确的不同说法。比较含混的说法是 ,《淮南子》是淮南王刘安及其宾客共同撰著的。但是史称淮南王“招致宾客方术之人数千人” ,这些人不可能都是《淮南子》的作者。淮南王的门人宾客中究竟有哪些人参与了《淮南子》的撰著 ?于是又有一种比较明确的说法 ,认为是淮南王刘安“与苏飞、李尚、左吴、田由、雷被、毛被、伍被、晋昌等八人 ,及诸儒大山、小山之徒 ,共讲论道德 ,总统仁义 ,而著此书。”① 指出了淮南王以外的另一些作者的名字。再后来 ,这里出现的八个名字又被统称为“八公” ,于是《淮南子…     

"Psychotherapy" versus "treatment"

Presents a comment on "Psychological treatments" by D. H. Barlow. Barlow proposed that we distinguish between the terms "treatment" and "psychotherapy." The author believes that not only is the distinction unnecessary, but that its implications could have negative consequences for the field of clinical psychology. It is the proposed distinguishing feature that treatments are "specifically tailored to the pathological process that is causing the impairment and distress" that is most problematic. Clinical psychology does not need a distinction that further exacerbates the split between researchers and practitioners.     

"Enmeshment" and "Fusion"

The paper examines two related concepts utilized by two different schools of family therapy. Any family seen to be "enmeshed" is also seen as "fused," and vice versa. The difference in the level of focus, on the "system containing the individuals" (structural) or the "individual in the system" (fusion), determines the difference in therapeutic approach of these two schools.     

"本体论"与"伦理学"--形而上学的两个向度

形而上学有两个密切相关的内在向度,就是本体论向度与伦理学向度.在哲学史上,哲学家们之所以在"追求形而上学"的同时,又总是"反形而上学",并非是人们的形上本性出了问题,而是因为人们总是将形而上学视为单纯的"一维性",总是用一个向度来取代或遮蔽另一个向度.而所谓的"后形而上学思想",也并不是消解了形而上学,而是指形而上学从"本体论向度"转向了"伦理学向度".     

“对的”与“好的”

什么是“对的”,和对它的证立,是道德哲学中具有争议性的核心问题,也是效用主义和道义论间的主要差异之所在。统合效用主义对于“好的就是对的”这个陈述有一套完整周延的说法。而道义论对这个问题的证立不够周延或没有足够的说服力。     

PREFERRING "HOUSEWIVES" TO "FEMINISTS"

Four studies are described outlining the favorability of attitudes toward women. In Study 1, participants indicated their attitudes toward women and men and their construal of the term "women". The results revealed that women were evaluated more favorably than men, but that male right-wing authoritarians (RWAs) who construed women as referring primarily to feminists were least favorable in their attitudes. In Study 2, participants indicated their attitudes toward both "housewives" and "feminists". The results revealed that feminists were evaluated less favorably than housewives, and that the most negative attitudes toward feminists were expressed by authoritarian men. Study 3 revealed that high-RWA males held more negative symbolic beliefs concerning feminists (i.e., beliefs that feminists failed to promote participants'values) and that these beliefs accounted for variation in attitudes among high RWAs and much of the RWA-attitude relation. Finally, Study 4 revealed that high RWAs perceived greater value dissimilarity between them-selves and feminists. The implications of the findings for future research are discussed.     

"石狮"、"风水"与"吉祥"

谁都知道,在古老的中国,不管是衙门、宫殿、庙宇的门前,还是豪宅、大户人家的门口,人们都能看到摆着一对石狮。据说,这对石狮子在许多中国人的心目中,它不但是一种气派的象征,而且还是一种被人认为是好的“吉祥物”。如今,旧时的衙门没有了,但遗留下来的宫殿、庙宇的门前,其中有些石狮仍有保存。然而,想像不到的是,这号称“吉祥物”的石狮今天却开始“走”进某些党政机关的大门口,它们(石狮)在那里时时都在保护着这些政府要员“平平安安”、“吉祥如意”。这不仅使我联想起一些极端的报道,有些政府官员为升迁,请算命先生定位,用风水术为政府…     

"Us" and "Them":

Abstract: In the Aristotelian tradition, politics is a matter of public deliberation over questions of justice and injustice. The Bush administration's response to the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, has been uniformly hostile to this notion, and it has instead promoted a jingoistic politics of self‐assertion by an America largely identified with the executive branch of its government. This is doubly disturbing, as the executive branch has sought to free itself from international law, multinational commitments, and domestic judicial regulation, even as it has sought to validate itself by demonizing its enemies. This essay draws out the disturbing echoes here of Carl Schmitt's work of the 1920s, in particular of Schmitt's conception of the sovereign as the ungrounded ground of the law and the political as the site of mortal conflict between friend and enemy. The essay argues that Schmitt's position in the twenties, for all of its evident problems, is superior to that of Bush, Wolfowitz, and Ashcroft in at least two senses: Schmitt condemns the idea of waging war for profit and recognizes that such wars will often be disguised as moral crusades waged against the “inhuman”; and he acknowledges that claiming to fight a war for humanity denies one's enemies their humanity, leaving them open to torture and even extermination.     

从"管制"到"平衡"--政府与公众理想关系模式的构建及其制度化

论文从行政民主的角度探讨政府与公众之间的理想关系模式及其制度化构建过程 ,将我国在改革之前的政府与公众模式概括为管制模式。论文指出 ,在制度变迁的过程中 ,这一模式日益受到挑战。而在新的制度环境下 ,我国政府与公众的关系模式应该是平衡模式。这一模式的制度化措施包括培育自主的市民社会 ,赋予公众以独立的活动空间 ;促进行政公开 ,建立一个开放负责的政府 ;推进行政法建设 ,抑制行政恣意     

The "Natural" and the "Formal"

The paper presents an argument against a metaphysical conception of logic according to which logic spells out a specific kind of mathematical structure that is somehow inherently related to our factual reasoning. In contrast, it is argued that it is always an empirical question as to whether a given mathematical structure really does captures a principle of reasoning. (More generally, it is argued that it is not meaningful to replace an empirical investigation of a thing by an investigation of its a priori analyzable structure without paying due attention to the question of whether it really is the structure of the thing in question.) It is proposed to elucidate the situation by distinguishing two essentially different realms with which our reason must deal: the realm of the natural, constituted by the things of our empirical world, and the realm of the formal, constituted by the structures that we use as prisms to view, to make sense of, and to reconstruct the world. It is suggested that this vantage point may throw light on many foundational problems of logic.