社区卫生服务的"管理模式"与"治理模式"比较

依据社区卫生服务的提供方与消费方之间的权力关系,社区卫生服务模式可以划分为管理模式和治理模式.在管理模式中,社区卫生服务提供方与消费方之间是建立在行政和技术权威基础上的管理与被管理关系.在治理模式中,社区卫生服务的提供方与消费方则是建立在沟通基础上的合作关系.我国社区卫生服务模式的发展趋势是从管理向治理的转变.     

公民有序参与简论

在当代,公共治理主体由政府变成政府、非政府组织和公民参与的多元治理模式。公民民主意识正在觉醒,政府与公民关系开始悄然重构,传统行政文化的官本位倾向遏制了公民参与热情;公共空间不畅,政府公信力不强,法治引领缺位,制度化程序的缺失,导致了参与无序。实现公民有序参与的路径探索有五个方面:实现政府职能根本转变,建设公正社会;建立健全合理的参与制度保障体系;保证参与的合法性、程序性、可操作性;培养提升公民参与管理意识,公民角色地位得到厘清;引导公民的公共理性参与,保证社会管理的有序性。     

项目制:一种新的公共治理逻辑

在人类社会形态和结构不断演变的过程中,政府与市场的关系始终是影响国家政权形式、社会和经济制度机制、组织形态的最主要的因素。在我国计划经济时代,作为政府全面掌控社会的手段,单位制是透析我国整体社会结构和运行模式的制度窗口,在市场经济不断发展的今天,另一种运行机制——项目制正日益成为国家、社会的主导行为方式和内在运行逻辑。它将市场经济中的竞争机制引入官僚组织体制中,勾连起中央、地方、基层之间的权力、利益和创新关系。项目制是如何产生的,它在带来制度变迁的同时又有着怎样的弊端?这是本文试图解释和阐释的问题。     

关于行政行为与行政程序立法的探讨

我国行政诉讼法颁布实施以来,对政府法制建设起了促进作用。政府和司法部门以及法学研究部门都重视行政行为合法性的研究,这不仅从行政实体方面使行政行为有法可依,而且从程序法方面使行政行为能规范化、制度化。长期以来,我国的行政程序立法在法制建设中处于被忽视的状态,而在这方     

政府与官员的关系:道德冲突与伦理救治

基于"团体伦理学"的视角,政府组织整体与政府官员个体之间有四种伦理关系的组合方式.通过对这四种伦理组合关系的分析,可以揭示政府组织德性在行政伦理中的重要性.在政府组织德性的建设中,"行政伦理氛围"作为三个变量,即"自变量"、"因变量"与"调节变量"在不同的层面起着作用.行政伦理氛围的建设需要制定"政府伦理计划",它体现为三个环节,即行政领导的美德学习、政府伦理制度化与个人的道德自主性培养.     

"企业家政府"理论建构的伦理秩序及其正当性

"企业家政府理论"对政府与公民、政府与社会、政府与市场的关系作出了重新认识.在政府与公民的关系上,"顾客驱使的政府"观点把政府与公众的关系颠倒过来,强调公平对待每一个公众;"掌舵而不是划桨"重新界定了政府与其他社会主体的责任与义务,突出了其他社会组织的平等参与地位;"分权的政府"改变了政府组织成员的被动服从地位,强调了组织内部成员的平等地位.企业家政府理论建构的是尊重公众、社会组织和组织成员的自由使社会成员具有更高主体性的客观关系结构或伦理秩序.     

论行政人的伦理困境与出路

行政人在行政实践中常会遭遇服从上级与对公众负责的冲突、行政人身份与角色群的紧张、公共利益与个人利益的僵局甚至行政人隐私权与公民知情权的平衡等四天伦理困境.行政人的不道德行为给社会带来了严重危害.行政人陷入伦理困境有三重因素:微观方面是行政人角色界定模糊;中观方面是监督和制约机制乏力;宏观方面是行政主导价值旁落和传统行政文化的侵扰.行政人选拔应与行政主导价值观相匹配,推进以组织流程转变为核心的政府再造运动;慎用行政实践中的伦理性妥协;开展行政人伦理培训;加强伦理立法及制度化是行政人摆脱伦理困境的基本理路.     

政府在基本医疗卫生服务法治化中的职责定位

明确基本医疗卫生服务作为公共产品向全民提供是新医改基本文件核心思想的基础上,辨析基本医疗卫生服务的提供模式,认为政府具体提供方式的差异性与共同性,需要理性看待;在全面依法治国和保障公民健康权的时代背景下,基本医疗卫生服务法治体系的建立,是基本医疗卫生服务提供过程中政府职责规范化的必然要求。提出应明确中央和地方各级政府的行政权力界限与行政违法责任,体现为基层医疗卫生服务机构、基本药物制度、基本医疗保险制度、全科医生制度四方面,从而实现政府行政职责的规范化。     

杜鹃模式:茂名PX事件中政府回应的行政学分析

借鉴政治沟通中参与和回应理论的视角,提出一个中国网络参与下的地方政府回应的理论模型。本文的核心命题是:地方政府对问题、议程、官民关系的不同沟通机制导致不同的政府回应模式,产生相应的政府回应行为。这一理论模型为分析在网络参与这一全新背景下,中国地方政府的治理结构、政社关系、行为类型及其变化过程提供一个新的理论框架。以茂名PX事件的政府回应过程的实证研究来解读这一模型,分析了其模式特点、网络舆情、主体行为模式、作用机理以及回应效果。     

公共管理:治理模式及其构建

对社会治理模式的概念分析及回溯表明,在西方国家的新公共管理运动背景下,特别是在中国以建设服务型政府为目标的行政改革中,作为社会治理模式的公共管理理论已经形成.在这一理论中,公共管理作为一种新型的社会治理模式,是建立在服务精神和服务原则基础上的服务型社会治理模式,它以信任-合作机制的生成为基本特征,具有"服务-信任-合作"三位一体的关系图式.     

"Psychotherapy" versus "treatment"

Presents a comment on "Psychological treatments" by D. H. Barlow. Barlow proposed that we distinguish between the terms "treatment" and "psychotherapy." The author believes that not only is the distinction unnecessary, but that its implications could have negative consequences for the field of clinical psychology. It is the proposed distinguishing feature that treatments are "specifically tailored to the pathological process that is causing the impairment and distress" that is most problematic. Clinical psychology does not need a distinction that further exacerbates the split between researchers and practitioners.     

"Enmeshment" and "Fusion"

The paper examines two related concepts utilized by two different schools of family therapy. Any family seen to be "enmeshed" is also seen as "fused," and vice versa. The difference in the level of focus, on the "system containing the individuals" (structural) or the "individual in the system" (fusion), determines the difference in therapeutic approach of these two schools.     

“对的”与“好的”

什么是“对的”,和对它的证立,是道德哲学中具有争议性的核心问题,也是效用主义和道义论间的主要差异之所在。统合效用主义对于“好的就是对的”这个陈述有一套完整周延的说法。而道义论对这个问题的证立不够周延或没有足够的说服力。     

"本体论"与"伦理学"--形而上学的两个向度

形而上学有两个密切相关的内在向度,就是本体论向度与伦理学向度.在哲学史上,哲学家们之所以在"追求形而上学"的同时,又总是"反形而上学",并非是人们的形上本性出了问题,而是因为人们总是将形而上学视为单纯的"一维性",总是用一个向度来取代或遮蔽另一个向度.而所谓的"后形而上学思想",也并不是消解了形而上学,而是指形而上学从"本体论向度"转向了"伦理学向度".     

PREFERRING "HOUSEWIVES" TO "FEMINISTS"

Four studies are described outlining the favorability of attitudes toward women. In Study 1, participants indicated their attitudes toward women and men and their construal of the term "women". The results revealed that women were evaluated more favorably than men, but that male right-wing authoritarians (RWAs) who construed women as referring primarily to feminists were least favorable in their attitudes. In Study 2, participants indicated their attitudes toward both "housewives" and "feminists". The results revealed that feminists were evaluated less favorably than housewives, and that the most negative attitudes toward feminists were expressed by authoritarian men. Study 3 revealed that high-RWA males held more negative symbolic beliefs concerning feminists (i.e., beliefs that feminists failed to promote participants'values) and that these beliefs accounted for variation in attitudes among high RWAs and much of the RWA-attitude relation. Finally, Study 4 revealed that high RWAs perceived greater value dissimilarity between them-selves and feminists. The implications of the findings for future research are discussed.     

"石狮"、"风水"与"吉祥"

谁都知道,在古老的中国,不管是衙门、宫殿、庙宇的门前,还是豪宅、大户人家的门口,人们都能看到摆着一对石狮。据说,这对石狮子在许多中国人的心目中,它不但是一种气派的象征,而且还是一种被人认为是好的“吉祥物”。如今,旧时的衙门没有了,但遗留下来的宫殿、庙宇的门前,其中有些石狮仍有保存。然而,想像不到的是,这号称“吉祥物”的石狮今天却开始“走”进某些党政机关的大门口,它们(石狮)在那里时时都在保护着这些政府要员“平平安安”、“吉祥如意”。这不仅使我联想起一些极端的报道,有些政府官员为升迁,请算命先生定位,用风水术为政府…     

"Us" and "Them":

Abstract: In the Aristotelian tradition, politics is a matter of public deliberation over questions of justice and injustice. The Bush administration's response to the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, has been uniformly hostile to this notion, and it has instead promoted a jingoistic politics of self‐assertion by an America largely identified with the executive branch of its government. This is doubly disturbing, as the executive branch has sought to free itself from international law, multinational commitments, and domestic judicial regulation, even as it has sought to validate itself by demonizing its enemies. This essay draws out the disturbing echoes here of Carl Schmitt's work of the 1920s, in particular of Schmitt's conception of the sovereign as the ungrounded ground of the law and the political as the site of mortal conflict between friend and enemy. The essay argues that Schmitt's position in the twenties, for all of its evident problems, is superior to that of Bush, Wolfowitz, and Ashcroft in at least two senses: Schmitt condemns the idea of waging war for profit and recognizes that such wars will often be disguised as moral crusades waged against the “inhuman”; and he acknowledges that claiming to fight a war for humanity denies one's enemies their humanity, leaving them open to torture and even extermination.     

The "Natural" and the "Formal"

The paper presents an argument against a metaphysical conception of logic according to which logic spells out a specific kind of mathematical structure that is somehow inherently related to our factual reasoning. In contrast, it is argued that it is always an empirical question as to whether a given mathematical structure really does captures a principle of reasoning. (More generally, it is argued that it is not meaningful to replace an empirical investigation of a thing by an investigation of its a priori analyzable structure without paying due attention to the question of whether it really is the structure of the thing in question.) It is proposed to elucidate the situation by distinguishing two essentially different realms with which our reason must deal: the realm of the natural, constituted by the things of our empirical world, and the realm of the formal, constituted by the structures that we use as prisms to view, to make sense of, and to reconstruct the world. It is suggested that this vantage point may throw light on many foundational problems of logic.     

"全球伦理"与"道德宗教"

1993年9月,6500名来自世界各地的不同宗教信仰的人士和一些非宗教组织的代表,在美国芝加哥举行的“世界宗教议会”上通过了一份《全球伦理宣言》。《宣言》认为,各种宗教之间已经有一种共同之处,它可以成为一种全球伦理的基础;这种“全球伦理”, “指的是对一些有约束性的价值观、一些不可取消的标准和人格态度的一种基本共识”; 《宣言》指出:“没有新的全球伦理,便没有新的全球秩序”。