异维A酸组和维胺酯组治疗痤疮的比较

为了比较分析异维A酸组和维胺酯组治疗痤疮的临床疗效、费用和不良反应,于服药前后观察疗效、不良反应和相关费用。结果显示,异维A酸组治疗痤疮起效快。在治疗中度痤疮,两组总体疗效、医疗费用相当,但维胺酯组不良反应较轻。而在治疗重度痤疮方面,异维A酸组临床疗效较维胺酯组高,且医疗成本较低。     

年龄相关性黄斑变性治疗的比较分析

从治疗原理、费用、疗效、不良反应等方面对年龄相关性黄斑变性的不同治疗方法进行比较和分析,为患者进行治疗上的选择提供帮助,同时指导和规范该类疾病治疗的临床决策,以期能在目前条件下不仅提高病人的治疗效果和生活质量同时又达到降低医疗费用的目的.     

年龄相关性黄斑变性治疗的比较分析

从治疗原理、费用、疗效、不良反应等方面对年龄相关性黄斑变性的不同治疗方法进行比较和分析,为患者进行治疗上的选择提供帮助,同时指导和规范该类疾病治疗的临床决策,以期能在目前条件下不仅提高病人的治疗效果和生活质量同时又达到降低医疗费用的目的。     

两种方法治疗慢性乙型肝炎合并轻度脂肪肝的疗效分析

探讨阿德福韦酯联合双歧杆菌四联活菌片对脂肪肝合并慢性乙型肝炎抗病毒疗效影响。选择2011年1月至2014年4月在笔者所在医院门诊就诊的HBeAg阳性慢性乙肝合并非酒精性脂肪肝(NAFLD)患者50例随机分为2组,A组采用单纯阿德福韦酯抗病毒治疗48周,B组采用阿德福韦酯联合双歧杆菌四联活菌片治疗48周,分析2组疗效。B组在治疗48周时其病毒学应答和生化学应答率上明显高于A组,且B组在改善肝脏脂肪化疗效上明显优于A组。对脂肪肝合并慢性乙型肝炎患者,在抗病毒治疗同时加用双歧杆菌调节肠道微生物环境,可提高该类患者病毒学应答率和生化学应答率,同时还可改善肝脏脂肪化程度。     

两种治疗方案对老年多发性骨髓瘤的临床疗效

比较硼替佐米联合地塞米松(BD方案)和沙利度胺联合地塞米松(TD方案)在老年多发性骨髓瘤(MM)治疗的临床疗效及安全性。选择50例老年MM患者随机分为BD组(25例)和TD组(25例),分别接受BD方案治疗和TD方案治疗,4个疗程后评价疗效、不良反应发生情况。经治疗后,BD组和TD组的血红蛋白较治疗前显著升高,β_2微球蛋白、M蛋白、骨髓瘤细胞比例均较治疗前显著下降(P0.05);治疗后BD组的血清肌酐和骨髓瘤细胞比例均低于治疗后TD组水平(P0.05)。BD组治疗总有效率为78%,明显高于TD组的52%(P0.05)。BD治疗组不良反应包括血小板减少、白细胞减少、乏力、外周神经病变,TD组不良反应包括便秘、皮疹、头晕,该7类不良反应发生率两组差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。BD方案在老年MM治疗中具有更高的有效性和适用性。     

单用他克莫司和联合五酯胶囊治疗免疫性肾小球疾病的单中心回顾性研究

对单用他克莫司和联合五酯胶囊治疗免疫性肾小球疾病疗效、安全性和药物-经济效益进行比较。回顾性分析大连医科大学附属第一医院2011年1月~2015年12月行肾活检证实为免疫性肾小球疾病并伴大量蛋白尿的患者60例,分为单用他克莫司组和联合五酯胶囊组。主要评价指标:蛋白尿缓解率、各个时间点蛋白尿缓解率等;次要评价指标:药物副作用、治疗费用及药物-经济学效益。随访第3个月、6个月,他克莫司联合五酯胶囊组蛋白尿缓解人数高于单用他克莫司组(P0.05),两组副作用无差异(P0.05),而治疗费用及成本-疗效比有统计学差异(P0.05);他克莫司联合五酯胶囊可有效降低免疫性肾小球疾病蛋白尿,且具有较好药物经济学效益。     

利奈唑胺治疗ICU革兰阳性球菌感染的疗效及安全性观察

为了评估利奈唑胺治疗ICU革兰阳性球菌感染的疗效与安全性,回顾性分析了我院中心ICU接受利奈唑胺治疗的28例革兰阳性球菌感染患者的临床资料.结果显示治疗的总有效率为75%(21/28),耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌感染惠者有效率73.33%(11/15),表皮葡萄球菌感染患者有效率66.67%(4/6),屎肠球茵感染患者有效率80%(4/5),溶血葡萄球菌感染患者有效率100%(2/2),人葡萄球菌感染患者有效率100%(2/2).治疗过程中不良反应发生率为25%.不良反应经对症处理后好转,无需停药.故得出结论,利奈唑胺是治疗革兰阳性球菌感染有效、安全的药物,值得进一步临床验证.     

腹主动脉瘤的外科治疗决策

腹主动脉瘤破裂是最常见、最凶险的疾病之一.提高对其治疗的临床决策水平至关重要.比较传统开腹修复治疗和血管腔内修复治疗的优缺点.以最佳证据为指导,选出最佳方案应用于临床实践.以人为本,做出科学决策,从而降低医疗费用及提高疗效及患者生活质量.     

雷替曲塞治疗老年晚期结直肠癌的疗效分析

比较雷替曲塞与5-氟尿嘧啶联合奥沙利铂治疗老年晚期结直肠癌的临床疗效及生存分析。经病理明确诊断的老年晚期结直肠癌患者42例分为A、B两组,分别采用雷替曲塞和5-氟尿嘧啶／亚叶酸钙联合奥沙利铂方案化疗,观察两组疗效、不良反应及生存分析。结果A、B两组患者有效率接近,无统计学差异。A、B组疾病进展时间分别是7．5个月和5．...     

唑来膦酸、伊班膦酸钠和帕米膦酸二钠治疗非小细胞肺癌骨转移的疗效和安全性比较

评价发生骨转移的非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer,NSCLC)患者在接受唑来膦酸、伊班膦酸钠和帕米膦酸二钠治疗的有效性和安全性.入选107例发生骨转移的NSCLC患者分别接受唑来膦酸、伊班膦酸钠和帕米膦酸二钠治疗.结果唑来膦酸在延迟SRE发生方面疗效优于帕米膦酸二钠,伊班膦酸钠未见明显优势;唑来膦酸、伊班膦酸钠在延长总生存时间方面优于帕米膦酸二钠,在不良反应发生率及疼痛控制方面三者疗效相当.     

Group Work with Aggressive Men: Group Within a Group Within a Group

Psychodynamic group therapy offers many opportunities for members to identify, understand, and change the underlying problems, which lead to their aggressive behavior. In addition, group therapy can help to improve the members’ interpersonal relationships. The “Coping with Aggression” is comprised of three groups. A psychodynamic group of assaultive men made up the first group. The second group consisted of two leaders and a consultant whom the group members knew about but never actually met. The observers who sat outside the group made up the third group. Therapy contracts, boundaries, and leadership, and group process are discussed.     

Effects of Perceived Group Effectiveness and Group Role on Attributions of Group Performance1

Cadets at the U.S. Military Academy completed a questionnaire describing their experiences in Cadet Basic Training (CBT) and Cadet Field Training (CFT). Analyses of variance examined the impact of Group Role (Leader vs. Follower) and Perceived Group Effectiveness (High vs. Low) on group member perceptions of the extent to which each of six factors affected group performance. Significant main effects for Perceived Effectiveness were interpreted in terms of the egodefensive bias. Role main effects indicated that leaders tended to make stronger dispositional attributions than did followers. There were no signifcant Group Role × Perceived Effectiveness interaction effects. Findings support, in part, hypotheses concerning the operation of an attributional bias within the leader-member relationship.     

团体心理咨询与治疗师胜任特征初探

为了探索团体心理咨询与治疗师的胜任力模型,本研究用行为事件访谈法对13位团体心理咨询与治疗师进行访谈,分析文献提取并整理成编码词表,并对访谈数据进行编码,统计各词条在访谈资料里的出现频次并排序。最终提炼出了团体心理咨询与治疗师的基准性胜任特征和鉴别性胜任特征,并整理得到了团体心理咨询与治疗师的胜任特征模型。研究表明,基准性胜任特征的存在表明团体心理咨询与治疗师具有共同的胜任特征,如专业知识、变化觉察、把握环境、判断力等;鉴别性胜任特征则反映了不同水平的团体心理咨询与治疗师在胜任特征上的差异,如专业知识、洞察力、观察力、分析性思维等。     

The Effect of Members' Use of a Formal Group as a Reference Group upon Group Effectiveness

Summary

To test the view that “urban” and “rural” workers in the same job derive satisfaction from different aspects in the work situation, 42 black supervisors were divided into urban and rural groups in terms of the number of years spent in a city or town. Among the urban group, the correlation between satisfaction with content job factors and overall job satisfaction, as measured by the Brayfield-Rothe index, was significantly greater than that between context factors and overall job satisfaction. Among the rural group, the position was reversed.     

Group Counseling and Group Psychotherapy with Rehabilitation Clients

An instrument designed to measure components of two distinct alcoholism aftercare treatments was developed and evaluated for reliability and validity. Trained judges reliably rated audiotaped samples of coping skills and interactional group therapy sessions. Coping skills groups engaged in significantly more education and skill training, problem solving, and role playing. Interactional groups showed more interpersonal learning, expression/exploration of feelings, and here-and-now focus. Groups that employed more education and skill training, less expression and exploration of feelings, and less her e-and-now focus were associated with fewer members reporting subsequent drinking-related problems. None of the ratings of group activities was related to abstinence.