信息社会中二维的科学的出现

一、社会的三个高度越来越多的人认识到,有些国家,首先是美国和其他西方国家,正处在具有重要意义的某种独特历史的叉路口。这一叉路口通常被说成是从工业社会到后工业社会的过渡阶段。其意义之重大可与先前发生的从前工业社会向工业社会的巨大社会变迁相比拟。尽管多数西方     

米丘林和现代生物学

今年(指1955年——译者)我国和许多其他国家的科学团体都在庆祝米丘林的百年诞辰。米丘林的名字在自然科学史上和现代科学中占据着一个显著的地位——它同达尔文、巴斯德、季米里亚捷夫、巴甫洛夫等伟大的名字站在同一行列中。米丘林之所以赢得了这个荣誉的地位,首先由于他在科学发展中创立了一个独立的时代,他是最出色的学者之一。米丘林,一个为自然科学中的唯物主义路线而积极作斗争的战士,一生都在无情地揭露着唯心主义和形而上学在科学中的各种歪曲。米丘林从理论上深刻地概括了为他本人所积累的大量的实验材料,从而确定了植     

一个行为主义者的渊源

在他的自传的最后一卷中,斯金纳提出了他辉煌成就的理论基础     

关于独生子女的研究证据与理论发展

本文将报告对独生子女研究文献所做的一些原分折(meta-analyses)结果,并用这些结果评价独生子女的状况,以指导该领域的理论发展。     

The relationship between attitude,assertiveness and condom use

The Australian study investigated condom-specific assertiveness and condom use as a means of prevention infection from sexually transmitted diseases. 211 men participated including 83 homosexual men (aged 19-62 years) and 128 heterosexual men (aged 17-49) who completed a questionnaire that comprised demographic details such as age, monogamy, and sexual activity as well as attitudinal and assertiveness measures. General assertiveness was measured by the Rathus Assertiveness Schedule (RAS) which had been widely used across a wide range of social situations. Assertiveness relating specifically to situations involving condoms was measured by the Condom Assertiveness Scale (CAS). Intention to use condoms was positively related to favorable attitudes, which were related to condom-specific assertiveness for both groups. For the heterosexual men only, general social assertiveness was negatively related to attitudes toward condoms. For both groups, the condom-specific measure of assertiveness was positively correlated with attitudes toward condoms. Condom-specific assertiveness was positively related to general social assertiveness as measured by the Rathus Assertiveness Schedule for the homosexual, but not for the heterosexual men. The negative relationship between general assertiveness and attitude to condoms among the heterosexual men implies that the risk reducing behavior of condom use did not seem to accord with the perceptions of masculinity and social assertiveness among heterosexual men. Thus, female partners of such heterosexual men exhibiting negative attitudes toward condom use combined with assertiveness would have to overcome resistance to insist on the use of condoms. Recently some advertising campaigns have been directed at women. The promotion of condom use among heterosexual men has to deal with the perceptions of condom use as unmasculine behavior.     

工作负载的测量和评定

长期处于应激状态而又适应不良者可导致疾病。人类经常遇到的心理、社会性应激源除了生活事件以外,长期工作负载过重也是其中之一。本文通过对24名在监护病房工作的护士的工作负载的测量介绍了在西方国家常用的工作负载的测量和评定方法。     

费希特研究报告

我的报告主要依据下列文献:(1) H.J.费威耶恩:《费希特研究的新视野》,载《唯心论研究》六,1976年,第118—159页;(2)W.劳特曼“作为人类学和现象理论     

共产主义实验在苏联

1.斯大林个人扭曲了的共产主义意识形态“斯大林主义”,是苏联官方理论家从不使用的一个术语。而且,它一般也并没有被人们广泛地当作马克思-列宁主义来运用。有时候,斯大林主义被误解为是马列主义的一种扩大或发展。实际上,斯大林主义倒可以看作是从马列主义中派生出来并且背离了马列主义的,它(直到1953年斯大林去世时