共查询到18条相似文献,搜索用时 954 毫秒
1.
元刻板印象威胁是指消极元刻板印象所导致的群体成员的一种社会心理困境和认知不平衡状态,会诱发压力和害怕体验,进而损害其行为表现。基于群际焦虑模型,本研究拟考查元刻板印象、群际焦虑、自尊等因素对群际关系的影响,具体为贫困大学生消极元刻板印象对群际关系的影响及群际焦虑的中介作用、自尊的调节作用。研究以江苏省徐州市某高校的158名贫困大学生为被试,通过操控指导语的方式将其随机分为威胁组(消极元刻板印象激活组)和无威胁组(元刻板印象未激活组)。结果如下:(1)威胁组被试的群际焦虑水平显著高于无威胁组,群际关系水平显著低于无威胁组;(2)群际焦虑在元刻板印象威胁与群际关系间起中介作用,自尊在前半路径(元刻板印象和群际焦虑间)和后半路径(群际焦虑与群际关系间)均起调节作用。结论:激活贫困大学生消极元刻板印象会对群际关系产生威胁效应。 相似文献
2.
《心理学报》2015,(11)
元刻板印象是指个体关于外群体成员对其所属群体所持刻板印象的信念或看法,消极元刻板印象的激活会导致群体成员的一种社会心理困境和认知不平衡状态,诱发压力和害怕体验,并损害其行为表现。研究采用工作记忆的N-back范式,对随迁儿童的元刻板印象威胁效应进行探讨。实验通过让被试根据不同指导语写形容词的方式,操纵了"威胁"和"无威胁"的条件,并考察不同条件对群际焦虑和工作记忆的影响。结果如下:(1)威胁组被试的群际焦虑水平显著高于无威胁组;(2)在工作记忆的3个任务难度中,威胁组被试的正确率显著低于无威胁组;随着难度的增加,威胁组和无威胁组被试的正确率都显著下降;(3)在工作记忆的3个任务难度中,威胁组被试的反应时显著长于无威胁组;随着难度的增加,威胁组和无威胁组被试的反应时都显著增长,且组别与任务难度的交互作用显著;(4)群际焦虑在元刻板印象与工作记忆任务的正确率(中等难度任务)间起完全中介作用,在元刻板印象与工作记忆任务的反应时(中等难度任务)间起部分中介作用。结果表明,在激活随迁儿童的消极元刻板印象后,产生了明显的元刻板印象威胁效应。 相似文献
3.
4.
消极刻板印象和群际焦虑是阻碍群际交往的重要因素。基于群际接触理论和群际焦虑理论模型,测量了少数民族和汉族交往时的群际焦虑水平、彼此持有的刻板印象和外群体态度等变量,考查了这些变量的特征及关系。结果表明:(1)汉族在群际交往过程中的群际焦虑水平显著高于少数民族;(2)女性比男性持有更积极的外群体态度;(3)消极刻板印象是产生群际焦虑和偏见态度的重要原因。减少消极刻板印象、降低群际焦虑是促进群际交往的重要途径。 相似文献
5.
刻板印象从内容模型到系统模型的发展与应用 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
21世纪以来,在刻板印象研究中最受瞩目的当属刻板印象内容模型(Stereotype Content Model, SCM)的提出。它通过热情和能力二个维度区分对不同群体的刻板印象。新近的系统模型则将SCM与群际情绪、行为反应相结合,并凸现了道德维度,开创性地提出了群际情绪-刻板印象-行为趋向系统模型(Behaviors from Intergroup Affect and Stereotypes Map, BIAS Map)。这一系统模型是对刻板印象内容模型的有意义延伸,同时二者的有机结合进一步促进了刻板印象内群体与群体间研究的整合性,较之又增添了认知-情绪-行为与刻板印象预测之间的联结。 相似文献
6.
群际态度是人们对于某一群体的喜欢或不喜欢,包括外显群际态度和内隐群际态度,它是一个群体对另一群体正负连续体的评价。群际信念是人们对某一群体特性的刻板印象。以往研究认为,群际态度和群际信念是耦合关系,相互影响,相倚存在。但群际态度和群际信念也存在分离性证据,即存在矛盾性和非统一性。为何形成耦合或者分离,文化定型论、群际态度补偿机制(低地位群体的创造策略、高地位群体的慷慨策略),以及认知差别等都成为调节性平衡点。探讨群际态度和群际信念的分离性关系和作用机制对于干预和消弭群际边界与群际冲突,缓和群际关系具有深远影响,可以支持其独立路径予以针对性干预方案。 相似文献
7.
8.
9.
元刻板印象是指个体关于外群体成员对其所属群体(内群体)所持刻板印象的信念,这一社会认知领域中新的概念属于元知觉的范畴.社会认知心理学家发现元刻板印象是影响群体间关系的重要因素,有关此方面的研究成为国外社会认知领域研究中的新动向,本文介绍了近年来国外有关元刻板印象的最新研究成果. 相似文献
10.
为了从性别差异视角探讨男性和女性外来务工人员的主观社会阶层、刻板印象威胁以及认同管理策略,通过整群抽样和滚雪球抽样方式选取了275名外来务工人员作为被试,讨论了外来务工群体在性别差异中的典型差异性。结果表明:(1)外来务工群体的主观社会阶层影响认同管理策略的选择,相较于客观社会阶层指标,主观社会阶层与认同管理策略和刻板印象威胁之间具有更高的相关性,其中性别具有一定的调节作用。(2)不同性别外来务工群体主观社会阶层与刻板印象威胁具有典型差异性,群际接触存在性别差异。(3)该群体的群际接触数量、接触质量与刻板印象威胁存在相关。 相似文献
11.
The present study focuses on the effect of vicarious intergroup contact and the support of an authority figure on the improvement of outgroup and meta-stereotype evaluations. Meta-stereotype refers to the shared beliefs of ingroup members about how they consider outgroup members to perceive their group. Three preliminary studies were carried out to determine desirable and undesirable characteristics for a good basketball performance, the task that best demonstrates the application of these characteristics, and the two groups (basketball teams) that should be involved in the vicarious intergroup contact. Fans of one of the basketball teams participated in the current study. Vicarious intergroup contact improved outgroup and meta-stereotype evaluations as compared with a no contact condition. In addition, the positive effects of vicarious intergroup contact significantly increased when it was supported by an authority figure. More importantly, our study also shows that the improvement of outgroup evaluation was partially mediated by changes on meta-stereotypes. 相似文献
12.
本研究以59名老年人为研究对象,采用N-back认知任务探讨在不同难度的认知负荷任务中老年人消极元刻板印象激活的认知效应。结果发现:1、消极元刻板印象激活组的正确率显著低于未激活组;高认知负荷任务组的正确率显著低于低认知负荷任务组。2、消极元刻板印象激活组的反应时显著长于未激活组;高认知负荷任务组的反应时显著长于低认知负荷任务组;组别与任务难度之间交互作用达到边缘显著,在低认知负荷任务中,消极元刻板印象激活组和未激活组的反应时差异不显著,在高认知负荷任务中,消极元刻板印象激活组的反应时显著长于未激活组。上述结果表明,老年人消极元刻板印象的激活导致了负面的认知效应。 相似文献
13.
群际隔离微生态认为当公共空间中群际接触自然发生时,相比较内群体成员个体在空间距离上远离外群体成员;介绍了群际隔离微生态的维度、心理机制、实施过程、测度指标;分析了群际隔离微生态的相关研究现状和不足,在未来的研究中需要加强立论点、解释机制、研究方法的探索的研究,为群际接触研究提供了新的视角。 相似文献
14.
Toon Kuppens Thomas V. Pollet Cátia P. Teixeira Stéphanie Demoulin S. Craig Roberts Anthony C. Little 《European journal of social psychology》2012,42(4):432-441
Emotions influence information processing because they are assumed to carry valuable information. We predict that induced anger will increase ethnic but not gender intergroup bias because anger is related to conflicts for resources, and ethnic groups typically compete for resources, whereas gender groups typically engage in relations of positive interdependence. Furthermore, we also predict that this increased ethnic intergroup bias should only be observed among men because men show more group‐based reactions to intergroup conflict than women do. Two studies, with 65 and 120 participants, respectively, indeed show that anger induction increases ethnic but not gender intergroup bias and only for men. Intergroup bias was measured with an implicit measure. In Study 2, we additionally predict (and find) that fear induction does not change ethnic or gender intergroup bias because intergroup bias is a psychological preparation for collective action and fear is not associated with taking action against out‐groups. We conclude that the effect of anger depends on its specific informational potential in a particular intergroup context. These results highlight that gender groups differ on a crucial point from ethnic groups and call for more attention to the effect of people's gender in intergroup relations research. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
15.
以101名中职生为被试,采用不同难度的工作记忆任务,探讨认知重评与表达抑制两种情绪调节策略对消极元刻板印象激活的认知效应的影响。结果发现:(1)情绪调节策略对元刻板印象激活的认知效应具有影响,且与认知任务的难度有关;(2)在低难度工作记忆任务中,情绪调节策略对元刻板印象激活的认知效应没有影响,在中等难度任务中,认知重评减弱了激活的认知效应,但表达抑制没有影响,在高难度任务中,认知重评没有影响,表达抑制反而增强了激活的认知效应。总之,不同情绪调节策略会对消极元刻板印象激活的认知效应产生不同的作用。 相似文献
16.
以新生代农民工为研究对象,以其对群际通透性的感知为测量指标,检验积极群际接触的有效性,探察群体受害者身份感知和群体认同对积极群际接触有效性的影响,以及群体认同在群体受害者身份感知与积极群际接触关系中的作用。结果表明:(1)积极群际接触可以有效促进新生代农民工对群际通透性的感知;(2)新生代农民工群体受害者身份感知对积极群际接触有效性有显著的中介作用;(3)新生代农民工的城市人认同水平对积极群际接触有效性具有显著的调节作用;(4)新生代农民工群体受害者身份感知对积极群际接触有效性的中介作用不受其群体认同水平的影响。研究结论对积极群际接触的有效性和感知的群体受害者身份与群体认同的关系进行了深入地讨论。 相似文献
17.
Michèle D. Birtel Nils K. Reimer Ralf Wölfer Miles Hewstone 《European journal of social psychology》2020,50(1):160-176
This research examined the impact of a change in school diversity on school children's intergroup relations. A longitudinal survey tracked 551 White British and Asian British students (Mage = 11.32) transitioning from elementary (time 1) to secondary (time 2) school in an ethnically segregated town in the United Kingdom. We estimated a multivariate, multilevel model. A cross-sectional comparison of segregated schools and a mixed elementary school at time 1 revealed that both Asian and White British in the mixed school reported more positive intergroup relations. A longitudinal analysis found that the transition from segregated elementary to mixed secondary schools was associated with Asian British developing more positive intergroup relations. White British reported overall less positive intergroup relations, although only trust decreased; evidence from other measures remains inconclusive. The findings are important for understanding early stages of diversity exposure, and the impact of changing diversity levels on majority and minority groups. 相似文献
18.
Prior research indicates that information‐based intergroup relations programs are only moderately successful (MGregor, 1993; Stephan & Stephan, 1984). In order to explore a means of increasing the effectiveness of techniques used to change attitudes toward out groups, the current study examined the effects of giving Anglo American students information about everyday incidents of discrimination against African Americans either with or without empathy‐inducing instructions. The results indicate that reading about discrimination against African Americans or inducing empathy reduces in‐group‐out‐group bias in attitudes toward African Americans vs. Anglo Americans. The implications of these findings for models of the effects of empathy on intergroup relations are discussed. 相似文献