动脉粥样硬化血管平滑肌细胞研究中的哲学思考

动脉粥样硬化血管平滑肌细胞研究中的哲学思考第一军医大学博士生（广州５１０５１５）田雪梅导师李进动脉粥样硬化一直是危害人类健康的重大疾病之一。随着现代科技的高速发展,细胞学、分子生物学等技术在各个领域中的广泛应用,动脉硬化病因和防治的研究也不断拓展,研...     

血管平滑肌细胞——祸首还是福星

长期以来血管平滑肌细胞（ＶＳＭＣ）增殖被认为是动脉粥样硬化（ＡＳ）发生的绝对必要条件和介入性治疗后血管再狭窄（ＲＳ）的主要原因。许多搞ＲＳ的策略始终盯住抑制ＶＳＭＣ这一环节。然而这些方法在临床试验中很少邮到或基本没有益处。近来的临床和实验研究提示抑制ＶＳＭＣ可以导和脆弱的ＡＳ斑块不稳定而发生裂缝,破裂、血栓形成,引起心肌 死等急性冠状动脉症候群,因为ＶＳＭＣ合成释放的胶原等可以增加斑块的生物力学强     

氧化型低密度脂蛋白：致动脉粥样硬化和抗动脉粥样硬化的双重作用

研究证明,氧化型低密度脂蛋白（oxLDL）,而不是低密度脂蛋白,是致动脉粥样硬化的独立危险因素。oxLDL主要通过巨噬细胞上的清道夫受体摄入oxLDL,引起血管壁泡沫细胞的堆积和脂纹的形成;oxLDL还改变了内皮细胞、平滑肌细胞、血小板的多种功能,使之释放多种致炎细胞因子,促进了炎症细胞的趋化和聚集。但最近有报道认为,口服免疫耐量的oxLDL可弱化早期和晚期动脉粥样硬化。因此,oxLDL不仅能导致动脉粥样硬化,在某些情况下,还具有抗动脉粥样硬化的作用。本文从辩证法的角度出发,系统的阐述oxLDL的这一双重作用。     

氧化型低密度脂蛋白:致动脉粥样硬化和抗动脉粥样硬化的双重作用

研究证明,氧化型低密度脂蛋白(oxLDL),而不是低密度脂蛋白,是致动脉粥样硬化的独立危险因素.oxLDL主要通过巨噬细胞上的清道夫受体摄入oxLDL,引起血管壁泡沫细胞的堆积和脂纹的形成;oxLDL还改变了内皮细胞、平滑肌细胞、血小板的多种功能,使之释放多种致炎细胞因子,促进了炎症细胞的趋化和聚集.但最近有报道认为,口服免疫耐量的oxLDL可弱化早期和晚期动脉粥样硬化.因此,oxLDL不仅能导致动脉粥样硬化,在某些情况下,还具有抗动脉粥样硬化的作用.本文从辩证法的角度出发,系统的阐述oxLDL的这一双重作用.     

细胞凋亡与细胞坏死

细胞凋亡与细胞坏死南京医科大学第一附属医院（２１００２９）吴升华细胞凋亡（Ａｐｏｐｔｏｓｉｓ）亦称为细胞编程死亡（ＰｒｏｇｒａｍｍｅｄＣｅｌｌＤｅａｔｈ）。近年来发现细胞凋亡参与许多生理病理过程而成为研究热点。Ａｐｏｐｔｏｓｉｓ—词在希腊词中是指秋天...     

热休克蛋白7O在动脉粥样硬化发病中的双重作用

大多研究表明,热休克蛋白70通过抗凋亡、抗氧化及抗炎症反应而在动脉粥样硬化发病中起保护作用。但亦有研究表明,热休克蛋白70通过促凋亡、促进炎症反应而在动脉粥样硬化的发生发展中起促进作用。说明热休克蛋白70在动脉粥样硬化发病中有双重作用,进行基础研究和临床干预时应考虑到其双面性。     

从细胞凋亡看药物研制开发

从细胞凋亡看药物研制开发山西医科大学汾阳医学院（０３２２００）李睿明山西省汾阳医院（０３２２００）雷朝霞一、有关细胞凋亡细胞凋亡又称程序性细胞死亡,是由基因编制程序控制的一种细胞死亡方式。自１９７２年Ｋｅｒ提出生物学中细胞发生凋亡很象秋天树叶凋谢一样...     

凋亡机制研究的认识方法

细胞凋亡及其研究简况 :细胞凋亡 (ａｐｏｐｔｏｓｉｓ)又称编程性死亡 ,属生理性死亡 ,是生物界广泛存在的重要生命现象之一[1] 。从线虫至高等哺乳类动物 ,从胚胎至成人 ,从生理到病理 ,从生到死整个过程 ,体内不同的细胞多具有此种死亡形成。1　凋亡指标研究的系统性凋亡机制的研究中充分体现了认识的系统性 ,肿瘤发生中凋亡机制的研究表明 ,凋亡机制是有机联系的整体 ,凋亡的发生和发展可概括为 3个阶段[2 ] :信号传递阶段 ,中央调控阶段和结构改变阶段。 (1)信号传递阶段 :诱导凋亡的细胞外因素众多 ,进入细胞内需经信号传递阶段。各种…     

热休克蛋白70在动脉粥样硬化发病中的双重作用

大多研究表明,热休克蛋白70通过抗凋亡、抗氧化及抗炎症反应而在动脉粥样硬化发病中起保护作用。但亦有研究表明,热休克蛋白70通过促凋亡、促进炎症反应而在动脉粥样硬化的发生发展中起促进作用。说明热休克蛋白70在动脉粥样硬化发病中有双重作用,进行基础研究和临床干预时应考虑到其双面性。     

热休克蛋白7O在动脉粥样硬化发病中的双重作用

大多研究表明,热休克蛋白70通过抗凋亡、抗氧化及抗炎症反应而在动脉粥样硬化发病中起保护作用.但亦有研究表明,热休克蛋白70通过促凋亡、促进炎症反应而在动脉粥样硬化的发生发展中起促进作用.说明热休克蛋白70在动脉粥样硬化发病中有双重作用,进行基础研究和临床干预时应考虑到其双面性.     

The effect of stress and in vivo vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) treatment on the response of isolated rat aorta to norepinephrine, angiotensin II and vasopressin, and adventitial mast cells

The effects of cold-restraint stress, repeated over 3 days, and treatment of rats with vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) on the contractile responses of isolated aorta to vasoconstrictors, and on aortic adventitial mast cells were investigated. Stress significantly reduced the contractile response of rat aorta smooth muscle to norepinephrine (NE), angiotensin II (Ang II) and vasopressin (VP). Decreased sensitivity to NE, Ang II and VP may result from decreased receptor density, and affinity or reduced effector efficacy. Stress induced degranulation, decreased the number and changed the granular content of mast cells; all degranulated mast cells were stained with alcian blue, and the percentage of safranin staining cells was decreased. Given prior to stress, VIP reversed the reduced contractile responses and sensitivity of aorta to NE and Ang II but had no effect on VP subsensitivity. VIP also inhibited stress-induced degranulation of mast cells, and after VIP only alcian blue-stained mast cells were seen. When VIP was given to non-stressed rats, the contractile response of the aorta to NE, but not Ang II or VP, was increased compared with control. Mast cell count was decreased in the adventitia of non-stressed VIP treated rats. The results indicate that stress decreases the heparin content of mast cells and VIP has an additive effect. In conclusion, VIP modulates both stress-induced mast cell activity and reduced sensitivity of aorta smooth muscle to NE and Ang II. It can be suggested that VIP may moderate some effects of stress on vascular pathophysiology.     

中药及其提取物防治血管内皮细胞损伤的研究概况

血管内皮细胞衬覆于血管内膜表面,不仅是血液与血管壁之间的屏障,更是重要的内分泌和效应器官,内皮细胞损伤和功能障碍是动脉粥样硬化发生的启动步骤。近年来的研究表明,中药及其提取物对血管内皮细胞具有保护作用,因此对防治动脉粥样硬化相关疾病有重要的意义。     

NF-κB圈套寡脱氧核苷酸联合紫杉醇对肺癌细胞增殖凋亡的影响

探讨NF-κB圈套寡脱氧核苷酸(NF-κB decoy ODN)联合紫杉醇对肺癌细胞增殖凋亡的影响。培养人肺癌细胞A549:(1)脂质体瞬时转染细胞;(2)MTT试验观察细胞生长曲线;(3)流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡率。NF-κB decoyODN使细胞生长受到抑制,NF-κBdecoy ODN联合紫杉醇使细胞凋亡增加。NF-κB decoy ODN联合紫杉醇可增强对肺癌细胞增殖的抑制及凋亡的诱导。     

Enhanced proliferation of progenitor cells following long-term potentiation induction in the rat dentate gyrus

The dentate gyrus (DG) is among the few areas in the mammalian brain where production of new neurons continues in the adulthood. Although its functional significance is not completely understood, several lines of evidence suggest the role of DG neurogenesis in learning and memory. Considering that long-term potentiation (LTP) is a prime candidate for the process underlying hippocampal learning and memory, these results raise the possibility that LTP and neurogenesis are closely related. Here, we investigated whether or not LTP induction in the afferent pathway triggers enhanced proliferation of progenitor cells in the DG. LTP was induced by tetanic stimulation in perforant path-DG synapses in one hemisphere, and the number of newly generated progenitor (BrdU-labeled) cells in the DG was quantified. Compared with the control hemisphere (stimulated with low-frequency pulses), the LTP-induced hemisphere contained a significantly higher number of newly generated progenitor cells in the dorsal as well as ventral DG. When CPP, an NMDA receptor antagonist, was administered, tetanic stimulation neither induced LTP nor enhanced progenitor cell proliferation, indicating that NMDA receptor activation, rather than tetanic stimulation per se, is responsible for enhanced progenitor proliferation in the control animal. Our results show that tetanic stimulation of perforant path sufficient to induce LTP increases progenitor proliferation in adult DG in an NMDA receptor-dependent manner.     

Dietary restriction inhibits spatial learning ability and hippocampal cell proliferation in rats1

Abstract: We investigated the effect of dietary restriction on spatial learning ability and hippocampal cell proliferation in adult rats using two spatial learning tasks and immunohistochemical staining with 5‐bromo‐2′‐deoxyuridine (BrdU). Sixteen rats were divided into restricted or ad lib feeding groups at 70 days of age, and were trained in the delayed‐matching‐to‐place (DMTP) task (a working memory task) from 93 days of age, and then the Morris water maze task (a reference memory task). Dietary restriction had no effect on the DMTP task with 30 s delay and on the water maze task. However, in the DMTP task with 30 min delay, restricted rats performed significantly more poorly than ad lib rats. Quantitative analysis of hippocampal cell proliferation revealed that the density of newborn cells in restricted rats was significantly lower than that in ad lib rats. These results suggest that a loss of proliferating capacity in the hippocampus may be a candidate for an anatomical and biological basis for the cognitive decline caused by dietary restriction.     

干细胞治疗糖尿病及外周血管病变研究进展

本文综述干细胞移植治疗糖尿病及外周血管病变研究进展,各国学者在该领域的经验及现状新途径等。关于干细胞移植治疗糖尿病的临床有效性及安全性等方面,各国学者仍然存在争议。总结目前临床应用研究中所存在的相关问题及经验教训,各国学者在开展后续临床研究时,应该避免重要的方案参数之间存在明显差异。更值得一提的是,干细胞移植的长期安全性尚待评估,其潜在的致瘤风险已受到关注。近期,中华医学会糖尿病学分会撰写了《中华医学会糖尿病学分会关于干细胞治疗糖尿病的立场声明》和《中华医学会糖尿病学分会关于干细胞治疗糖尿病外周血管病变的立场声明》,就是希望能够为阻止当前临床医生和患者在认识上和就医行为上的混乱局面发挥作用,使我国的干细胞临床研究和应用在健康的轨道上发展。     

Effect of chronic cold stress on intestinal epithelial cell proliferation and inflammation in rats

The present study evaluated the effect of chronic cold stress on intestinal epithelial cell proliferation and inflammation. Male Wistar rats were subjected to cold exposure for three weeks. At the end of the cold exposure, intestinal cell proliferation, luminal nitrite and protein levels, intestinal myeloperoxidase activity and mast cell numbers were evaluated. Severely compromised proliferation rate of the crypt-base cells was observed under chronic stress conditions. Cells isolated from stressed rats showed a decreased DNA content in villus and lower villus cell fractions and an increased DNA content in the crypt cells, as compared to controls. Chronic cold stress resulted in increased luminal nitrite, luminal protein levels, and intestinal myeloperoxidase activity. The number of mast cells was significantly elevated under chronic stress conditions. Chronic cold stress resulted in a compromised intestinal epithelial cell proliferation rate and induced inflammation in the rat small intestine, through the combined action of nitric oxide, neutrophils and mast cells.     

免疫反应影响动脉粥样硬化进程的两面性

大量研究表明,动脉粥样硬化的发生和发展过程中,能观察到许多免疫反应。然而,免疫反应对动脉粥样硬化的作用却呈现为两面性;免疫系统的激活可加速动脉粥样硬化的形成和发展,也可表现出抗动脉粥样硬化功效。所以,适当的免疫调节干预,有望成为动脉粥样硬化的预防及治疗的新途径。