莆田市涵江新发现摩尼教文物古迹初考

摩尼教是世界十大宗教之一 ,早已绝迹。 1990年前后。于莆田市涵江区及其周边沿海集镇 ,接连发现摩尼教残碑刻共三块 (具存 ) ;1994年至今相继新发现宋代其遗址一处(仅存其建筑实测绘图、地貌及宋代连通石柱两对 ) ;又新发现其它系统石雕遗物 ,即 :宋代石雕神台一座 ,唐代石雕墓头石一块等 (具存 )。这些古迹属当今国内外仅有的摩尼教历史文物在迹 ,具有极高的历史文化文物价值     

福建霞浦摩尼教科仪典籍重大发现论证

继20世纪初我国敦煌和吐鲁番出土摩尼教汉文经典唐写本之后,而今又在福建霞浦再次发现数量可观的摩尼教斋醮科仪典籍,引起国内外摩尼学界的普遍关注。霞浦新发现的科仪文书中包含不少佛、道教的术语、概念和佛神名号,不免令人产生其是否为摩尼教文献的疑惑。今将已现世的唐写本《摩尼光佛教法仪略》、《摩尼教残经》和《下部赞》,与新发现的科仪典籍《摩尼光佛》、《兴福祖庆诞科》等,进行全面的系统比较研究,发现无论从形式上对帕拉维语"音译文字"和偈颂赞呗的运用,还是在内容上对佛、法、僧"三宝"的推崇以及对"五佛颂"、"天王赞"的宣扬,两者皆一脉相承,具有完全相同的宗教属性。换言之,即两者在摩尼教固有的传统神灵信仰、基本教义、教法和教理等方面,虽因产生年代不同,受佛、道两教的影响有别,而显出某些差异,但本质上合若符契,别无二致。     

霞浦摩尼教文献及其重要性

2008年10月以来,福建霞浦县柏洋乡上万村周围发现了大批摩尼教文献,计有经典《摩尼光佛》和多种科仪书,此外还有不少其他历史文物与遗迹。从中不难看出,摩尼教流播霞浦,千年不绝,其间因应形势的不同而有所变化,为拘泥于原始经典的窠臼,而是朝着人生化、现实化和世俗化的方向转变。霞浦新发现的摩尼教文献不仅内容丰富,而且非常重要,是研究宋元以后中国摩尼教史的第一手资料,具有特别重要的文献价值与学术价值。     

摩尼教研究的新收获─—评《从摩尼教到明教》

摩尼教研究的新收获─—评《从摩尼教到明教》韩秉芳读毕台湾学者王见川君所撰《从摩尼教到明教》，“后来者居上”之感油然而生。该书不仅继承了前辈学者在摩尼教研究方面的成果，而且在大量占有中外新资料的基础上，又有若干新的发现和创见，引起学术界的重视。值得一提...     

唐宋江淮三夷教新证

本文自汉文典籍《马氏南唐书》、《夷坚志》、《太平广记》中钩沉出三则唐宋时代江淮摩尼教、胡神信仰材料。其中五代时蕲州摩尼教信仰上承唐代长江下游的摩尼教传布,下启北宋蕲州摩尼教信仰和元末蕲州起义;金下邳县摩尼教信仰上承五代中原摩尼教起义,下接元末红巾军在下邳的起义活动;唐代楚州、泗州之间的胡神信仰,则连接了西北内地和东南沿海的胡神信仰分布区。     

福建涵江教友集资慰问戒严部队

福建省莆田市涵江天主堂教友,于6月11日集资218元,寄给国务院,转戒严部队,对戒严部队全体指战员表示亲切的慰问。这充分体现了涵江天主教友热爱党、热爱社会主义、热爱人民子弟兵的心意:同时也是对解放军为党、为祖国、为人民制止动乱、平息反革命暴乱表示衷心的感谢。     

福建屏南摩尼教文书考探

福建省屏南县新近发现三本(两种)民间摩尼教文书及三尊摩尼教神像,揭橥摩尼教沉潜民间,混融巫、道、佛教,产生以民间道教科仪为框架,以摩尼教教义为内容的民间道坛仪式。同时,屏南文书也呈现承传唐写本《下部赞》《摩尼教残经》《摩尼光华教法仪略》的特质及与霞浦摩尼教文书的渊源。福建东部各地托身民间道坛的摩尼教孓遗,不是孤立存在,其科仪、文书有一定关联性与规范性。     

摩尼教《冥福请佛文》所见佛教地狱十王

《冥福请佛文》为福建霞浦县柏洋乡上万村周围所发现的大批摩尼教文献之一。该文献为法师在做道场时请佛之用,虽篇幅较小,但所请之神甚为庞杂,有摩尼教、佛教、道教、儒教和民间信仰的各种神祗,尤其是文书中所反映出来的佛教地狱十王思想,其内容与教煌等地发现的《佛说十王经》、《地藏十王图》有不少关联,堪称摩尼教在福建地区走向佛教化的典型代表。     

霞浦科仪本《下部赞》诗文辨异

新近由林鋆先生主导的霞浦明教遗迹田野调查,发现当地民间法师所保存的某些科仪本,间杂摩尼教词章,若干《下部赞》诗文更是赫然可见。是次调查成果,为揭示摩尼教在华的归宿,追踪佚失的摩尼教、明教经典做出重大贡献。本文拟就该等抄本中所采录《下部赞》诗文,与敦煌发见的写本作比较,辨其异同,释其差异产生之原因,冀有助于解开该等科仪本形成之谜。     

宋元以来霞浦世俗化之摩尼教非“灵源教”说

世纪初在福建霞浦等地发现大批摩尼教科仪文献引发学界研究热潮,业内多称其为敦煌摩尼教之延伸。然文献内容驳杂,世俗化色彩较浓,故或以为其宗教属性尚难明。余以为不然,径将《摩尼光佛》等早期霞浦文书列为直承敦煌《下部赞》的"呼禄真典",余者多称"林瞪文典",乃瞪所传道化文书。无论早典近典,多以佛道之皮裹摩尼之灵。每彰"五佛崇拜",实非法师强拼多教,而本为摩尼教元典固有之意,在回鹘中流行较广。霞浦摩尼教崇拜耶稣等五佛或五教主,却不尊崇上帝或阿胡拉而只奉明尊,故知其断为摩尼;霞浦摩尼教的多元与世俗化乃顺承中华三教合流之大势,实非别立一宗。     

易道辩正

易道是易学思想的精髓或内在精神,其最根本的特征是所谓的“一阴一阳之道”。作为易学结构基元的易卦卦象符号,与阴阳观念具有先天性的亲和力,从而使得阴阳观念有了一个可以符号化表征的形式系统。在汉代,阴阳五行与易学成为一个统一的有机整体。两汉的象数理论试图将易道(天道)完全形式化努力的最终结果是“入于礻几祥”,成为一套牵强附会的繁琐哲学。魏晋以后,诸如“时”、“中”一类具有明显的个人独知默会、参悟修证意义的命题,逐渐成为一阴一阳、生生不息的“易道”最为生动的表征。道之真谛,若以易理言之,就是“自强不息”,“与时偕行”。     

方术迷信的"灵验"揭秘

方术作为中华神秘文化的一个重要的组成部分,是一种既不同于宗教又与宗教有联系的企图借助于“鬼神”等神秘力量来消灾免祸、延年益寿、添财加福的可操作性的东西,如八卦术、算命术、风水术、占梦术、测字术、巫术等。 方术尽管是唯心的不可相信的东西,在历代也遭到了一些人的攻击和批判,然而为何屡不绝迹,有时甚至风靡一时、影响很大,即使在今天仍然有其市场呢?其中一个重要的原因在于一些人认为方术“灵验”。 方术“灵验”的原因是什么?到底是哪些因素     

"全球伦理"与"文明的冲突"

自美国9.11恐怖袭击事件后,塞缪尔.亨廷顿关于“文明冲突”的理论引起人们高度兴趣。以宗教为核心的文明之间的冲突真的难以化解吗?汉斯.昆的“全球伦理”观点对此提出挑战。本文将浅析一下“全球伦理”,及其化解“文明冲突”的可能性。     

"Psychotherapy" versus "treatment"

Presents a comment on "Psychological treatments" by D. H. Barlow. Barlow proposed that we distinguish between the terms "treatment" and "psychotherapy." The author believes that not only is the distinction unnecessary, but that its implications could have negative consequences for the field of clinical psychology. It is the proposed distinguishing feature that treatments are "specifically tailored to the pathological process that is causing the impairment and distress" that is most problematic. Clinical psychology does not need a distinction that further exacerbates the split between researchers and practitioners.     

"Enmeshment" and "Fusion"

The paper examines two related concepts utilized by two different schools of family therapy. Any family seen to be "enmeshed" is also seen as "fused," and vice versa. The difference in the level of focus, on the "system containing the individuals" (structural) or the "individual in the system" (fusion), determines the difference in therapeutic approach of these two schools.     

"本体论"与"伦理学"--形而上学的两个向度

形而上学有两个密切相关的内在向度,就是本体论向度与伦理学向度.在哲学史上,哲学家们之所以在"追求形而上学"的同时,又总是"反形而上学",并非是人们的形上本性出了问题,而是因为人们总是将形而上学视为单纯的"一维性",总是用一个向度来取代或遮蔽另一个向度.而所谓的"后形而上学思想",也并不是消解了形而上学,而是指形而上学从"本体论向度"转向了"伦理学向度".     

“对的”与“好的”

什么是“对的”,和对它的证立,是道德哲学中具有争议性的核心问题,也是效用主义和道义论间的主要差异之所在。统合效用主义对于“好的就是对的”这个陈述有一套完整周延的说法。而道义论对这个问题的证立不够周延或没有足够的说服力。     

Comparison of two theories of "ratio" and "difference" judgments

This article examines the hypothesis that judges compare stimuli by ratio and subtractive operations when instructed to judge" "ratios" and "differences." Rule and Curtis hold that magnitude estimations are a power function of subjective values, with an exponent between 1.1 and 2.1. Accordingly, the two-operation model tested assumes magnitude estimations of "ratios" are a comparable power function of subjective ratios. In contrast, Birnbaum and Veit theorize that judges compare two stimuli by subraction for both "ratio" and "difference" instructions and that magnitude estimations of "ratios" are approximately an exponential function of subjective differences. Three tests were used to compare the theory of one operation with the two-operation theory for the data of nine experiments. The results strongly favor the theory that observers use the same operation for both instructions.     

The development of children's understanding of "because" and "so"

Children's (5 years, 8 months to 8 years, 4 months) comprehension of "because" and "so" was assessed on both enactment and sentence completion tasks. The use of a within-subject design permitted performance on each task to be interpreted in terms of performance on the other. The pattern of results provided evidence against a componential model for the acquisition of causal connectives. This model holds that the two meaning components (cause, order) are acquired separately, with the order component being acquired several years later than the causal component. The results also were in accord with predictions derived from a contextual model of children's developing understanding of terms expressing logical relationships. This model posits that the understanding of relational terms is initially context dependent, such that children can understand relational terms when they express familiar relationships, but experience difficulty in forming representations of novel relationships solely on the basis of linguistic input. The lexical components of because and so are understood during the context-dependent stage, and the transition from context-dependent to context-independent understanding does not reflect further lexical development, but rather increasing facility in dealing with decontextualized linguistic input.