面对"告别中医药"

1 历史问题只能历史的分析 张功耀在《告别中医中药》一文中说:"古代的医起源于巫,我国今天流行的中医依然保留着巫的痕迹.人类文化多次长足的进步,居然没有触动中国传统医学的任何方面."[1]需要澄清的是:对于历史久远的医学起源问题,现在仍然很难下一个简单的结论,但"医源于巫"却是个其来有自的荒谬观点,它从时间顺序上颠倒了原始社会早期的医疗经验积累与巫医兴起这两个阶段.     

从多元性理解和发展中医

回顾和反思 2 0世纪中医发展的风雨历程我们不难发现 ,中医发展一直笼罩在科学主义的光辉与阴影之中 ,并在不懈地追求医学一元主义的理想目标。科学主义视科学 (现代科学 )为最高的价值标准 ,用这种标准来理解、评价和发展中医 ,其结果必然将中医视为“非科学” ,而一切非科学的东西在科学主义的视域里是应被废除或改造的 ,于是便有了“废止中医”、“废医存药”、“中医科学化”等口号和主张 ,中医至今仍没有摆脱被质疑和改造的尴尬境地。医学一元主义与科学主义具有内在互补性 ,并“构成了 2 0世纪中国医学的一个主旋律”[1] 。医学一元主…     

略论佛医与中医

本文简略地论述了中医和佛医的意义及其理论依据,揭示了它们共同的医学之道——祛病救人,健康长寿。     

中医学伦理思想

一、谈及医学伦理思想的中医医籍 我国的传统医学非常重视医生的道德修养,历史上有很多医籍中都谈及医生道德问题。最早的医学巨著《黄帝内经》中,有《疏五过论》和《征四失论》篇,通过讲述医生临床治疗中容易犯的过失,指出医生应该具备的道德修养。     

中医诸"优势"辨析

通过对"中医是我国优秀传统文化的组成部分"、"中医博大精深,属于'超科学'"和"中医是系统医学"三种较为流行的中医"优势"的说法的辨析,不难发现,这些优势说法具有自我标榜的性质,并没有确实的依据.固守这些没有科学依据的"优势",容易导致医学守旧,不利于我国医学科学的进步.     

现代中医教学及其未来模式的探讨

现代中医教学及其未来模式的探讨第一军医大学珠江医院（广州５１０２８２）孔炳耀一、以现代中医管理理论指导教学中医药高等教学模式，除医史文献专业外，其它学科大多参照西医院校的学科设置方式来确定中医学科，用西医的模式来要求和规范中医，造成学生习惯于西医学的...     

从脏腑辨证中"病"的嵌构谈"病与证"的相关性

随着普通高等教育中医药类规划教材<中医诊断学>[1]的问世,中医诊断学知识体系日臻成熟和稳定,病与证的概念有了明确界定.作为诊断的高级阶段[2],辨病与辨证之间的关系亦显得日趋明晰.鉴于学科的教学特点,普通高等教育"十五"国家级规划教材<中医诊断学>[3]在详尽介绍"辨证"的同时,不忘渗透"疾病诊断思路",在一定程度上体现了中医诊断"病证结合"的基本原则.     

中医教育的重心是继承还是创新--与王庆宪先生商榷中医教学的现代化

<医学与哲学>2002年2期和2003年4期分别刊载了王庆宪先生的两篇文章<论现代科学环境中的中医>和<中医教育的重点在继承--再论现代科学环境中的中医教学>(以下统称王文)笔者不敢苟同,试商榷之.     

"整体观念"特色论之反思

1　中医特色说的演变特色或特点是对同类事物进行比较之后的发现。中医特色必然是相对于西医而言。19世纪末 ,学者对中西医的评价是 :“中医失于虚 ,西医泥于实” ,中医长于内科 ,西医长于外科[1] 。到 2 0世纪初 ,这种评价升华为 :西医长于形迹 ,中医长于气化。最先提出这种看法的代表人物是早期汇通医家唐容川。他说 :“问曰 :神农尝药 ,以天地五运六气配人身五脏六腑 ,审别性味 ,以治百病 ,可谓精且详矣。乃近出西洋医法全凭割视 ,谓中国古人未见脏腑 ,托开空配药不足为凭 ,然欤 ,否欤 ?答曰 :不然。西人初创医法 ,故必剖割方知脏腑。中…     

关注人文素质教育语境下的中医医史文献

随着社会的发展及医学模式的转换,人们呼唤重新审视医学的目的和价值,期待着医学人文关怀传统的复兴.于是,加强医学院校大学生人文素质教育,倡导人格教育理念,成为医学院校加强素质教育的重要内容.中医医史文献教育教学的视角,分析素质教育语境下的专业教育问题.     

"Psychotherapy" versus "treatment"

Presents a comment on "Psychological treatments" by D. H. Barlow. Barlow proposed that we distinguish between the terms "treatment" and "psychotherapy." The author believes that not only is the distinction unnecessary, but that its implications could have negative consequences for the field of clinical psychology. It is the proposed distinguishing feature that treatments are "specifically tailored to the pathological process that is causing the impairment and distress" that is most problematic. Clinical psychology does not need a distinction that further exacerbates the split between researchers and practitioners.     

"Enmeshment" and "Fusion"

The paper examines two related concepts utilized by two different schools of family therapy. Any family seen to be "enmeshed" is also seen as "fused," and vice versa. The difference in the level of focus, on the "system containing the individuals" (structural) or the "individual in the system" (fusion), determines the difference in therapeutic approach of these two schools.     

“对的”与“好的”

什么是“对的”,和对它的证立,是道德哲学中具有争议性的核心问题,也是效用主义和道义论间的主要差异之所在。统合效用主义对于“好的就是对的”这个陈述有一套完整周延的说法。而道义论对这个问题的证立不够周延或没有足够的说服力。     

"本体论"与"伦理学"--形而上学的两个向度

形而上学有两个密切相关的内在向度,就是本体论向度与伦理学向度.在哲学史上,哲学家们之所以在"追求形而上学"的同时,又总是"反形而上学",并非是人们的形上本性出了问题,而是因为人们总是将形而上学视为单纯的"一维性",总是用一个向度来取代或遮蔽另一个向度.而所谓的"后形而上学思想",也并不是消解了形而上学,而是指形而上学从"本体论向度"转向了"伦理学向度".     

"石狮"、"风水"与"吉祥"

谁都知道,在古老的中国,不管是衙门、宫殿、庙宇的门前,还是豪宅、大户人家的门口,人们都能看到摆着一对石狮。据说,这对石狮子在许多中国人的心目中,它不但是一种气派的象征,而且还是一种被人认为是好的“吉祥物”。如今,旧时的衙门没有了,但遗留下来的宫殿、庙宇的门前,其中有些石狮仍有保存。然而,想像不到的是,这号称“吉祥物”的石狮今天却开始“走”进某些党政机关的大门口,它们(石狮)在那里时时都在保护着这些政府要员“平平安安”、“吉祥如意”。这不仅使我联想起一些极端的报道,有些政府官员为升迁,请算命先生定位,用风水术为政府…     

PREFERRING "HOUSEWIVES" TO "FEMINISTS"

Four studies are described outlining the favorability of attitudes toward women. In Study 1, participants indicated their attitudes toward women and men and their construal of the term "women". The results revealed that women were evaluated more favorably than men, but that male right-wing authoritarians (RWAs) who construed women as referring primarily to feminists were least favorable in their attitudes. In Study 2, participants indicated their attitudes toward both "housewives" and "feminists". The results revealed that feminists were evaluated less favorably than housewives, and that the most negative attitudes toward feminists were expressed by authoritarian men. Study 3 revealed that high-RWA males held more negative symbolic beliefs concerning feminists (i.e., beliefs that feminists failed to promote participants'values) and that these beliefs accounted for variation in attitudes among high RWAs and much of the RWA-attitude relation. Finally, Study 4 revealed that high RWAs perceived greater value dissimilarity between them-selves and feminists. The implications of the findings for future research are discussed.     

"Us" and "Them":

Abstract: In the Aristotelian tradition, politics is a matter of public deliberation over questions of justice and injustice. The Bush administration's response to the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, has been uniformly hostile to this notion, and it has instead promoted a jingoistic politics of self‐assertion by an America largely identified with the executive branch of its government. This is doubly disturbing, as the executive branch has sought to free itself from international law, multinational commitments, and domestic judicial regulation, even as it has sought to validate itself by demonizing its enemies. This essay draws out the disturbing echoes here of Carl Schmitt's work of the 1920s, in particular of Schmitt's conception of the sovereign as the ungrounded ground of the law and the political as the site of mortal conflict between friend and enemy. The essay argues that Schmitt's position in the twenties, for all of its evident problems, is superior to that of Bush, Wolfowitz, and Ashcroft in at least two senses: Schmitt condemns the idea of waging war for profit and recognizes that such wars will often be disguised as moral crusades waged against the “inhuman”; and he acknowledges that claiming to fight a war for humanity denies one's enemies their humanity, leaving them open to torture and even extermination.     

从"管制"到"平衡"--政府与公众理想关系模式的构建及其制度化

论文从行政民主的角度探讨政府与公众之间的理想关系模式及其制度化构建过程 ,将我国在改革之前的政府与公众模式概括为管制模式。论文指出 ,在制度变迁的过程中 ,这一模式日益受到挑战。而在新的制度环境下 ,我国政府与公众的关系模式应该是平衡模式。这一模式的制度化措施包括培育自主的市民社会 ,赋予公众以独立的活动空间 ;促进行政公开 ,建立一个开放负责的政府 ;推进行政法建设 ,抑制行政恣意     

The "Natural" and the "Formal"

The paper presents an argument against a metaphysical conception of logic according to which logic spells out a specific kind of mathematical structure that is somehow inherently related to our factual reasoning. In contrast, it is argued that it is always an empirical question as to whether a given mathematical structure really does captures a principle of reasoning. (More generally, it is argued that it is not meaningful to replace an empirical investigation of a thing by an investigation of its a priori analyzable structure without paying due attention to the question of whether it really is the structure of the thing in question.) It is proposed to elucidate the situation by distinguishing two essentially different realms with which our reason must deal: the realm of the natural, constituted by the things of our empirical world, and the realm of the formal, constituted by the structures that we use as prisms to view, to make sense of, and to reconstruct the world. It is suggested that this vantage point may throw light on many foundational problems of logic.