试论帛书《衷》的篇名和字数

论文通过对帛书易传三件残片的缀合和考释,认为所谓的帛书《易之义》原篇题当为《衷》,是孔子后学按照阴阳和衷共济的主题所选定的孔子沦《易》言沦的汇编,编者以为这些言沦是最为适当的论《易》之语,故名其为《衷》;而原记字数“二千”当为“四千”之误;同时进一步考定帛书《要》的篇首当为今本《系辞》的第十章。     

《黄老帛书》之刑德关系诸说辨

关于《黄老帛书》刑与德的关系,学界大体有三种观点：一是德彰刑隐说,二是德主刑辅说,三是重德轻刑说。这三种看法均值得商榷。帛书刑德关系是以四时、阴阳为理据的。与四时相关联,刑德分布具有“晦、微”和“明、章（彰）”的特性,相应的,刑德在被施用的过程中也应展现出各自的特性;与阴阳相关联,帛书规定刑德具有不可或缺的整体性。尽管,相应于四时、二者的施用有先后之分,但并不能导出主辅之别。若按阴阳关系的一般原则（包括帛书的阴阳法则在内）,属阳的德本应对属阴的刑起着支配、主导的作用,但帛书于刑德关系的论述中未完全遵守这一法则,显示出其理论体系的矛盾性,谓帛书主张德主刑辅有挪移董仲舒之说的嫌疑。而称帛书重德而轻刑,同样也有此倾向。     

马王堆帛书《系辞》研究

本文主要研究马王堆帛书《系辞》中几处重要的异文。今本《系辞》中的“象”,帛书作“马”。“马”义同于“数”。《庄子》中说“天地一指也．万物一马也。”此处的“马”。与帛书《系辞》中的“马”同义。今本《系辞》中的“太极”,帛书作“大恒”。恒、常同义,《仪礼》中说“假尔大筮有常。”这个“常”即帛书《系辞》中的“大恒”。亦即《吕氏春秋·大乐》中的“天常”。今本《系辞》云“显诸仁,藏诸用”,帛书作“圣者仁,壮者勇”。儒家学说重视“勇”,《论语·宪问》即有云“仁者必有勇。”帛书《系辞》云“天地之大思日生。”“思”读为“司”,今本作“天地之大德日生。”帛书《系辞》又云“夫易古物定命”,其义同于“乾知大始,坤作成物”。今本《系辞》云“圣人以此洗心”．帛书作“圣人以此佚心”,佚、乐同义,马王堆帛书《五行》云“不安则不乐。不乐则无德。”     

解读“自强不息”与“厚德载物”及其统一性

“自强不息”与“厚德载物”语出《周易》的《乾》、《坤》两卦:“天行健,君子以自强不息”和“地势坤,君子以厚德载物。”《周易》把“君子之道”作为“人道”的代表。《周易》是专门研究天、地、人三才之道的,认为“人道”源于“天道”与“地道”,体现了中国“天人合一”的传统精神。其实,天、地两道都是围绕人道的。人生于世,必将面临自我如何成长、与他人如何相处的两大关键问题。《周易》旨在通过阴阳消长的规律以启迪个体不断向上成长的路向应为“自强不息”,与群体和谐相处的范式当为“厚德载物”。“自强不息”与“厚德载物”是基础与进升。没有前者,后者就无从谈起;没有后者,前者就会有局限,甚至走向极端。二者是不可分割的,不可对立的,而是互动的、互补的。     

马王堆汉墓帛书《易经》与邵雍先天易学

写完《邵雍之宇宙图式》后,复睹《文物》杂志关于马王堆汉墓帛书座谈会纪录。觉得其中关于易卦之排列顺序及方法,与邵雍先天图之排列,有惊人之相似。特为提出,以供海内外学术界研讨焉。 张政烺先生在马王堆汉墓帛书座谈会上发言说:“帛书本二十四卦顺序和今本大不一样。它把八卦按照阴阳,排成乾、艮、坎、震、坤、兑、离、巽,以次把它们作为上卦。”“每个卦下再按乾、坤、     

帛书《易传》三篇阴阳观辨析

帛书《易传》谈及阴阳概念集中在《二三子问》《衷》和《缪和》这三篇解《易》文献中,《二三子问》开篇言"龙之德",以"龙"之神能总述阴阳变易观,包含能阴能阳和变与不变两方面的内涵,以此突出由变化之极而衍生的宇宙万物化生之义。《衷》开篇即提出"《易》之义萃阴与阳"的命题,将抽象的阴阳概念落实到阴卦与阳卦、刚爻与柔爻上,核心是刚柔之变化,由此引申出乾坤、刚柔、动静、天地、文武之大义。《缪和》篇则从天道处立言,其曰:"凡天之道,一阴一阳。""阴阳",诸家多以"四季"解,其实不然,"阴阳"当谓"日月",此乃古书常例。此言天道对立转换的客观规律,可称之为自然天道观,与荀子的天论有某些相同之处。综上,帛书《易传》以阴阳变易观总述事物发展的两重性特征,又以刚柔变化和自然天道观深化之,具体地阐发、运用了传世本《易传》的阴阳概念。     

战国楚竹书《周易·字》卦"字"字考

本文通过对上海博物馆藏战国楚竹书《周易·字》卦卦名与爻辞中之“字”字的考释,证明传世本(周易·需)卦卦名与爻辞中之“需”字的原始意义,同《易传·序卦》所言“物稚不可不养也,故受之以需”较为接近,其要义为怀柔养善;马王堆汉墓帛书《六十四卦》之《襦》卦的“襦”字与马王堆汉墓帛书佚文《易之义》的《襦》卦之“嬬”字,均为“需”的通假字,而“需”字的形与义不是卦画之象所为。     

《系辞传》与《黄老帛书》天道与治道之对照

本文主要分析《黄老帛书》中天道及治道思想,同时对比《系辞传》,指出两者相似之处。在天道观上,两者都强调天地人协调合作,并须遵循阴阳之道。在治道观上,两者均取推天道以明人事的思维取象。至于《黄老帛书》为实现治道所提出的执六柄与审三名的治术,在《系辞传》中亦不乏相应思想。相比之下,在有形的法度规范上,《系辞传》法治意识较《黄老帛书》为薄弱。     

马王堆汉墓帛书《周易》之《要》篇释文(上)

马王堆汉墓帛书《周易》之《要》篇释文（上）（日）池田知久著牛建科译凡例（１）本释文是马王堆汉墓帛书《周易》之《要》篇全文的释文，由《要》篇的“经文”“训读”和“注”构成。所用底本是笔者借到的“马王堆汉墓《周易》帛书”的影印件。使用的文字，虽将影印件...     

马王堆出土帛书《系辞》为现存最早的道家传本

自从1973年底湖南长沙马王堆汉墓出土了大批帛书以来,文物单位陆续公布了帛书《周易》、《老子》甲乙本及其卷前后的多种古佚书,引起了世界性的兴趣和关注,唯帛书《系辞》及其前后数篇解《易》之作近20年迄未问世。1987年12月初,山东大学周易研究中心在济南召开了一次“国际周易学术讨论会”,在会上读到韩仲民先生提交大会的论文《帛书系辞浅说——兼论<易传>的编纂》,韩文提及帛书本     

"Psychotherapy" versus "treatment"

Presents a comment on "Psychological treatments" by D. H. Barlow. Barlow proposed that we distinguish between the terms "treatment" and "psychotherapy." The author believes that not only is the distinction unnecessary, but that its implications could have negative consequences for the field of clinical psychology. It is the proposed distinguishing feature that treatments are "specifically tailored to the pathological process that is causing the impairment and distress" that is most problematic. Clinical psychology does not need a distinction that further exacerbates the split between researchers and practitioners.     

"Enmeshment" and "Fusion"

The paper examines two related concepts utilized by two different schools of family therapy. Any family seen to be "enmeshed" is also seen as "fused," and vice versa. The difference in the level of focus, on the "system containing the individuals" (structural) or the "individual in the system" (fusion), determines the difference in therapeutic approach of these two schools.     

"本体论"与"伦理学"--形而上学的两个向度

形而上学有两个密切相关的内在向度,就是本体论向度与伦理学向度.在哲学史上,哲学家们之所以在"追求形而上学"的同时,又总是"反形而上学",并非是人们的形上本性出了问题,而是因为人们总是将形而上学视为单纯的"一维性",总是用一个向度来取代或遮蔽另一个向度.而所谓的"后形而上学思想",也并不是消解了形而上学,而是指形而上学从"本体论向度"转向了"伦理学向度".     

“对的”与“好的”

什么是“对的”,和对它的证立,是道德哲学中具有争议性的核心问题,也是效用主义和道义论间的主要差异之所在。统合效用主义对于“好的就是对的”这个陈述有一套完整周延的说法。而道义论对这个问题的证立不够周延或没有足够的说服力。     

"Us" and "Them":

Abstract: In the Aristotelian tradition, politics is a matter of public deliberation over questions of justice and injustice. The Bush administration's response to the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, has been uniformly hostile to this notion, and it has instead promoted a jingoistic politics of self‐assertion by an America largely identified with the executive branch of its government. This is doubly disturbing, as the executive branch has sought to free itself from international law, multinational commitments, and domestic judicial regulation, even as it has sought to validate itself by demonizing its enemies. This essay draws out the disturbing echoes here of Carl Schmitt's work of the 1920s, in particular of Schmitt's conception of the sovereign as the ungrounded ground of the law and the political as the site of mortal conflict between friend and enemy. The essay argues that Schmitt's position in the twenties, for all of its evident problems, is superior to that of Bush, Wolfowitz, and Ashcroft in at least two senses: Schmitt condemns the idea of waging war for profit and recognizes that such wars will often be disguised as moral crusades waged against the “inhuman”; and he acknowledges that claiming to fight a war for humanity denies one's enemies their humanity, leaving them open to torture and even extermination.     

"石狮"、"风水"与"吉祥"

谁都知道,在古老的中国,不管是衙门、宫殿、庙宇的门前,还是豪宅、大户人家的门口,人们都能看到摆着一对石狮。据说,这对石狮子在许多中国人的心目中,它不但是一种气派的象征,而且还是一种被人认为是好的“吉祥物”。如今,旧时的衙门没有了,但遗留下来的宫殿、庙宇的门前,其中有些石狮仍有保存。然而,想像不到的是,这号称“吉祥物”的石狮今天却开始“走”进某些党政机关的大门口,它们(石狮)在那里时时都在保护着这些政府要员“平平安安”、“吉祥如意”。这不仅使我联想起一些极端的报道,有些政府官员为升迁,请算命先生定位,用风水术为政府…     

PREFERRING "HOUSEWIVES" TO "FEMINISTS"

Four studies are described outlining the favorability of attitudes toward women. In Study 1, participants indicated their attitudes toward women and men and their construal of the term "women". The results revealed that women were evaluated more favorably than men, but that male right-wing authoritarians (RWAs) who construed women as referring primarily to feminists were least favorable in their attitudes. In Study 2, participants indicated their attitudes toward both "housewives" and "feminists". The results revealed that feminists were evaluated less favorably than housewives, and that the most negative attitudes toward feminists were expressed by authoritarian men. Study 3 revealed that high-RWA males held more negative symbolic beliefs concerning feminists (i.e., beliefs that feminists failed to promote participants'values) and that these beliefs accounted for variation in attitudes among high RWAs and much of the RWA-attitude relation. Finally, Study 4 revealed that high RWAs perceived greater value dissimilarity between them-selves and feminists. The implications of the findings for future research are discussed.     

从"管制"到"平衡"--政府与公众理想关系模式的构建及其制度化

论文从行政民主的角度探讨政府与公众之间的理想关系模式及其制度化构建过程 ,将我国在改革之前的政府与公众模式概括为管制模式。论文指出 ,在制度变迁的过程中 ,这一模式日益受到挑战。而在新的制度环境下 ,我国政府与公众的关系模式应该是平衡模式。这一模式的制度化措施包括培育自主的市民社会 ,赋予公众以独立的活动空间 ;促进行政公开 ,建立一个开放负责的政府 ;推进行政法建设 ,抑制行政恣意     

The "Natural" and the "Formal"

The paper presents an argument against a metaphysical conception of logic according to which logic spells out a specific kind of mathematical structure that is somehow inherently related to our factual reasoning. In contrast, it is argued that it is always an empirical question as to whether a given mathematical structure really does captures a principle of reasoning. (More generally, it is argued that it is not meaningful to replace an empirical investigation of a thing by an investigation of its a priori analyzable structure without paying due attention to the question of whether it really is the structure of the thing in question.) It is proposed to elucidate the situation by distinguishing two essentially different realms with which our reason must deal: the realm of the natural, constituted by the things of our empirical world, and the realm of the formal, constituted by the structures that we use as prisms to view, to make sense of, and to reconstruct the world. It is suggested that this vantage point may throw light on many foundational problems of logic.