论《易传》的象数、义理合一模式与天人合一的理论架构

<易传>是现存系统解释<周易>古经的最早典籍,对后世历代学人诠解<周易>产生了深远的影响.由于<周易>古经由卦爻符号和卦爻辞组成,卦爻符号与卦爻辞之间的关系便成为后世<周易>研究的关键问题.在<易传>作者看来,<周易>的卦爻辞是由圣人"观象"而来,圣人通过"观象系辞"来揭示易道.换句话说,<周易>所阐发的义理乃以象数为基础,象数蕴含着义理,义理脱胎于象效,二者如水乳之交融而不可分.而<易传>象数与义理合一的模式是以"三才之道"为其理论架构的.开天道以立人道,法天文以立人文,成为<易传>立论的理论支撑.     

"时"与《易传》德性领域的开启

"时"足易学中的核心概念之一,本文通过阐述"时"与<周易>卜筮、阴阳符号及阴阳理论的关系,揭示"时"、一阴一阳之谓道、德三者的贯通.并见其由趋时变通到随时从道的转化,及<易传>德性意义的开启.     

《易传》宇宙生成论的建构——《易传》天人合一哲学体系的基本理论前提

<易传>所辟创的天人之学,确立的天人合一的哲学体系,对后世易学及哲学的发展产生了广泛而深远的影响.而<易传>天人合一哲学体系的得以确立,首先依赖于其宇宙生成论的建构.<易传>的宇宙生成论,既是其天人合一哲学体系得以创立的基本理论前提,也是其天人合一哲学体系的核心内容--本体论形上学的基本出发点与立足点.因此,探讨<易传>的宇宙生成论,对于加深认识其完整的哲学体系,具有重要的哲学意义.<易传>的宇宙生成理论,概括起来由三部分组成,一是宇宙本根于"太极",二是太极衍化为天地,三是天地气化生万物.     

从《易传》"神"对"阴阳"的超越看其德性领域开启的必然性

本文从<周易>的占筮功能出发,认为阴阳观念表达了一个限定性含义,从而使阴阳所范围的一切对象具有了非自在的性质,而这之中的例外就是"神"."神"在<易传>中既是一个客观的自在之物,同时又具有主体意义.从作为客观的自在之物的"神"转化为主体意义下的"神",必须通过道德践履;而道德践履所以可能,正在于"神"的保障.这样一个双向过程正是<易传>本体论和工夫论合一的德性领域的开启过程.     

论楚竹书《周易》"讦"之卦义

上海博物馆藏战国楚竹书本<周易>简35-36为<讦>卦,其"讦"字凡八见,传本<周易>作"蹇",阜阳汉简本、帛书本均作" ",汉石经则作" 寋 ";又王逸注<楚辞·离骚>、李善注<文选·辨亡论>等,则引<蹇>六二"王臣蹇蹇"作"王臣謇謇",是"蹇"似又可通"謇",异文甚多.<易传>释"蹇"为"难",后世注家多从之.惟考时贤所论,颇有以竹书本之"讦"为正,释<蹇>为专言直谏之卦者.今不揣谫陋,拟为"蹇"之异文作一平议,并就文献征例、卦爻辞义、卦序结构、卦象诸端,考辨<周易>"蹇"之确义.     

董仲舒易学哲学思想探析

董仲舒的易学哲学思想是他的整个哲学体系的核心内容.其内涵丰富而深刻,主要表现在董仲舒赋予<易传>中的"元"以逻辑在先和价值根源之意义,表明"元"是一个价值本体范畴;他把<易传>的"继善成性"论改造为"天止人继"说,反映了人类在宇宙万物中之地位与意义的一种自觉精神;又把<易传>"人文化成"的思想观念发展为一种"人文宇宙观",从宇宙观高度审视人类文化,又从人类文化角度看待宇宙,观与文化观合二为一,表明了宇宙是人类文化创造的本源和基础,而人类文化是宇宙的发展和完善.这就从宇宙观的高度肯定、突出了人文价值的崇高意义.     

论《程氏易传》中"才"之观念——程颐对易学中阴阳观念的创新

"才"是程颐在释<易>时所使用的独特概念.从根本上说,"才"来源于<易传>中的阴阳观念.但程颐在使用这一观念时摆脱了以非统一、即对立的关系来理解传统的阴阳,而是在一种更独立的意义上去使用阳或阴的观念--"才".在<程氏易传>中,"才"象征着某种不屈于人生欲望的克已能力,同时它又是某种在政治生活中拯救时局的才能.可以说,"才"之观念反映了程颐易学的某些特色.     

"象形""会意"思维与《周易》

"象形""会意"等造字思维乃中国传统思维模式滥觞和原型,其对<周易>形成和发展具有内在而深刻影响:"书卦同源"主要体现在思维方式上,且"书"之发生在前,是为本源;<易>之经文是对卦爻象的意解,主要是运用会意思维的结果;<易传>之<象>主要倾向象形思维,<彖>为会意思维.     

论《苏氏易传》的"卦合爻别"说

苏轼站在义理易的立场,从卦爻结构的角度直接阐明了其解易宗旨.他在解卦中多以"卦合而言之"、"爻别而观之"以启文端.这就是<苏氏易传>在解卦实践中提出的"卦合爻别"说.我们可以从苏轼易学的立场、苏轼对易学史上卦爻结构观的考察以及对"卦合爻别"方法的实际运用,来理解苏轼在卦爻结构观上的"卦合爻别"说.     

尚秉和之"阴阳相须"易理思想辨析

近代易学大师尚秉和先生解易有返归汉学的倾向,着重于象数的阐发,其阴阳相须的"易理"思想,有别于易学史中义理派之"义理".尚先生认为"易理"是存在于<周易>自身的本然之理,"同性相敌,异性相感"的阴阳之理乃"易理"的具体的内涵,进而指出在<周易>经传文中屡次出现的"敌"、"类"、"朋"等概念,正是针对"易理"之中的"同性相敌,异性相感"的阴阳关系而产生的.其中,阳与阳或阴与阴同性相遇为"敌",阴与阳异性相遇则为"类"、为"朋(友)".对比帛书<周易>中的"敌"、"类"、"朋"的相关论述,发现尚氏所谓的反映阴阳关系的"敌"、"类"、"朋"并没有在帛书<周易>中展现出"<周易>根本定例"的特征.尚先生的"易理"虽然讲求阴阳之理,但落实到经文的注解,却成为一种反映<周易>六十四卦阴阳爻位关系的体例,从根本上并没有摆脱象数的内涵.而帛书<易传>对于经文的阐释更注重人文思想的挖掘,即对"义理"的阐发,展现出与尚氏易不同的诠释风格与路数.尚秉和先生提出"易理"的概念虽成一家之言,但考之帛书<易传>,我们仍可发现其"易理"思想中存在的偏颇.     

"Psychotherapy" versus "treatment"

Presents a comment on "Psychological treatments" by D. H. Barlow. Barlow proposed that we distinguish between the terms "treatment" and "psychotherapy." The author believes that not only is the distinction unnecessary, but that its implications could have negative consequences for the field of clinical psychology. It is the proposed distinguishing feature that treatments are "specifically tailored to the pathological process that is causing the impairment and distress" that is most problematic. Clinical psychology does not need a distinction that further exacerbates the split between researchers and practitioners.     

"Enmeshment" and "Fusion"

The paper examines two related concepts utilized by two different schools of family therapy. Any family seen to be "enmeshed" is also seen as "fused," and vice versa. The difference in the level of focus, on the "system containing the individuals" (structural) or the "individual in the system" (fusion), determines the difference in therapeutic approach of these two schools.     

"本体论"与"伦理学"--形而上学的两个向度

形而上学有两个密切相关的内在向度,就是本体论向度与伦理学向度.在哲学史上,哲学家们之所以在"追求形而上学"的同时,又总是"反形而上学",并非是人们的形上本性出了问题,而是因为人们总是将形而上学视为单纯的"一维性",总是用一个向度来取代或遮蔽另一个向度.而所谓的"后形而上学思想",也并不是消解了形而上学,而是指形而上学从"本体论向度"转向了"伦理学向度".     

“对的”与“好的”

什么是“对的”,和对它的证立,是道德哲学中具有争议性的核心问题,也是效用主义和道义论间的主要差异之所在。统合效用主义对于“好的就是对的”这个陈述有一套完整周延的说法。而道义论对这个问题的证立不够周延或没有足够的说服力。     

"石狮"、"风水"与"吉祥"

谁都知道,在古老的中国,不管是衙门、宫殿、庙宇的门前,还是豪宅、大户人家的门口,人们都能看到摆着一对石狮。据说,这对石狮子在许多中国人的心目中,它不但是一种气派的象征,而且还是一种被人认为是好的“吉祥物”。如今,旧时的衙门没有了,但遗留下来的宫殿、庙宇的门前,其中有些石狮仍有保存。然而,想像不到的是,这号称“吉祥物”的石狮今天却开始“走”进某些党政机关的大门口,它们(石狮)在那里时时都在保护着这些政府要员“平平安安”、“吉祥如意”。这不仅使我联想起一些极端的报道,有些政府官员为升迁,请算命先生定位,用风水术为政府…     

"Us" and "Them":

Abstract: In the Aristotelian tradition, politics is a matter of public deliberation over questions of justice and injustice. The Bush administration's response to the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, has been uniformly hostile to this notion, and it has instead promoted a jingoistic politics of self‐assertion by an America largely identified with the executive branch of its government. This is doubly disturbing, as the executive branch has sought to free itself from international law, multinational commitments, and domestic judicial regulation, even as it has sought to validate itself by demonizing its enemies. This essay draws out the disturbing echoes here of Carl Schmitt's work of the 1920s, in particular of Schmitt's conception of the sovereign as the ungrounded ground of the law and the political as the site of mortal conflict between friend and enemy. The essay argues that Schmitt's position in the twenties, for all of its evident problems, is superior to that of Bush, Wolfowitz, and Ashcroft in at least two senses: Schmitt condemns the idea of waging war for profit and recognizes that such wars will often be disguised as moral crusades waged against the “inhuman”; and he acknowledges that claiming to fight a war for humanity denies one's enemies their humanity, leaving them open to torture and even extermination.     

PREFERRING "HOUSEWIVES" TO "FEMINISTS"

Four studies are described outlining the favorability of attitudes toward women. In Study 1, participants indicated their attitudes toward women and men and their construal of the term "women". The results revealed that women were evaluated more favorably than men, but that male right-wing authoritarians (RWAs) who construed women as referring primarily to feminists were least favorable in their attitudes. In Study 2, participants indicated their attitudes toward both "housewives" and "feminists". The results revealed that feminists were evaluated less favorably than housewives, and that the most negative attitudes toward feminists were expressed by authoritarian men. Study 3 revealed that high-RWA males held more negative symbolic beliefs concerning feminists (i.e., beliefs that feminists failed to promote participants'values) and that these beliefs accounted for variation in attitudes among high RWAs and much of the RWA-attitude relation. Finally, Study 4 revealed that high RWAs perceived greater value dissimilarity between them-selves and feminists. The implications of the findings for future research are discussed.     

从"管制"到"平衡"--政府与公众理想关系模式的构建及其制度化

论文从行政民主的角度探讨政府与公众之间的理想关系模式及其制度化构建过程 ,将我国在改革之前的政府与公众模式概括为管制模式。论文指出 ,在制度变迁的过程中 ,这一模式日益受到挑战。而在新的制度环境下 ,我国政府与公众的关系模式应该是平衡模式。这一模式的制度化措施包括培育自主的市民社会 ,赋予公众以独立的活动空间 ;促进行政公开 ,建立一个开放负责的政府 ;推进行政法建设 ,抑制行政恣意     

易道辩正

易道是易学思想的精髓或内在精神,其最根本的特征是所谓的“一阴一阳之道”。作为易学结构基元的易卦卦象符号,与阴阳观念具有先天性的亲和力,从而使得阴阳观念有了一个可以符号化表征的形式系统。在汉代,阴阳五行与易学成为一个统一的有机整体。两汉的象数理论试图将易道(天道)完全形式化努力的最终结果是“入于礻几祥”,成为一套牵强附会的繁琐哲学。魏晋以后,诸如“时”、“中”一类具有明显的个人独知默会、参悟修证意义的命题,逐渐成为一阴一阳、生生不息的“易道”最为生动的表征。道之真谛,若以易理言之,就是“自强不息”,“与时偕行”。