人类无性生殖的伦理思考

人类无性生殖的伦理思考山西医科大学（太原０３０００１）史学英一旦克隆技术成功地应用于人体，人们便能轻而易举地复制出在性别、气质、爱好等方面都相同的复制品。美国学者约翰·托夫勒（Ｊｏｎｈｎ．Ｔａｕｆｌｅ）在《第四次浪潮》中曾预测，对ＤＮＡ的研究将是下...     

漫谈幻觉

“幻”乃虚无之意,“觉”指感觉。本来,只有在客观事物真正存在的情况下,通过人体的感受器和感觉器官(如眼、耳等)的感受,才能对该事物产生出感觉来。但在感知的基础上进行想象,也可以想象出许多景象来。唐朝诗人白居易的《长恨歌》:“忽闻海上有仙山,山在虚无缥缈间…     

评П.Н.费多谢耶夫的《哲学和科学认识》

费多谢耶夫院士的这部新著,是《科学、世界观和生活》丛书之一。它阐明了可以揭示哲学在世界观中的作用的许多问题。正如本书序言所表明的,作者的出发点是:马列主义哲学是关于自然和社会发展规律的科学认识的一般理论基础和方法论基础,是形成先进的唯物主义世界观和积极的生活     

Role of visual information in ball catching

The present study is concerned with the perceptual information about the body and space underlying the act of catching a ball. In a series of four experiments, subjects were asked to catch a luminous ball under various visual conditions. In general, catching in a normally illuminated room was contrasted with catching the luminous ball in an otherwise completely dark room. In the third and fourth experiments, intermediate conditions of visual information were included. The results suggest that it is possible to catch a ball with one hand when only the ball is visible, but performance is better when the subject has the benefit of a rich visual environment and two hands. The second experiment indicated that subject performance does improve with practice in the dark, but time spent in the darkened room itself doesn't result in a significant decrement in performance. Results of the third study suggest that vision of one's hand does not aid in the performance of this task whereas the presence of a minimal visual frame appears to aid performance. The final study examined the relation between catching performance and body sway under similar visual conditions. Results of this experiment imply that persons who exhibit relatively little postural sway in full-room lighting performed better at this catching task.     

天才大脑机制的神经学研究

天才是指那些在创造力和技巧方面有特殊才能或倾向,以及具有非凡成就的极少数个体。人们认为天才的最普遍特征是智商(IQ)高,创造力强,并有强烈的动机感(承担任务)。本文对目前有关智能及创造力的脑研究知识作一个综述,包括脑电波(EEG)的生理测量,脑功率谱分析,大脑诱发电位和阳离子发射层面x射线照相术,并考虑了现存的矛盾、争议、正式假说和研究中的争端问题。我们特别对脑电波动力学的确定性功能加以阐述,提出了一个天才认知组织和大脑加工过程层次的混沌模型。     

文化相对性与伦理学等问题

人们通常认为,人类学的各种发现对伦理学具有革命性的意味。读过萨姆勒、本尼迪克特和赫斯科维茨的著作的人,大概都不会得出这样一种印象:人们唯一的道德责任就是服从社会,一夫多妻制与一夫一妻制同样好,或者任何伦理判断都不能得到合理证明。当这些人类学者抱怨他们被误解时,他们也不会否认他们的真正意图是向传统的道德观挑战。即便是那些因受到科学训练而对这些普遍流行的观点产生怀疑并谨防哲学上的混乱的人类学家们,也往往认为,对文化的科学研究已逐渐破坏了对任何绝对伦理学的信念。