家庭社会经济地位与青少年自我效能感的关系：家庭支持的中介作用与性别因素的调节作用

为探讨家庭社会经济地位对青少年自我效能感的影响及其作用机制,该研究采用问卷法对520名青少年进行调查。结果表明：(1)家庭社会经济地位、家庭支持、自我效能感两两均显著正相关;女生的家庭支持显著高于男生,自我效能感显著低于男生;(2)家庭支持在家庭社会经济地位对自我效能感的影响中起中介作用;(3)该中介作用受到性别因素的调节,较之男生,女生的家庭支持受到家庭社会经济地位的影响作用更为显著。     

青少年性心理及性知识的现况调查分析

青少年学生正值青春期 ,生理和心理正发生着巨大的变化 ,随之产生的问题很多 ,从我院青春期门诊就诊情况就证明了这一点。而使性教育更有针对性、更全面地开展的前提是对受教育者的性生理、性心理等方面的发展现状进行详细的了解 ,为此我们对大连市部分青少年学生进行这次问卷调查 ,为顺利开展性教育提供一个充分的依据和参考。1　对象与方法对象 :大连市一所高中、三所初中的 92 0名学生。男生平均年龄为 1 5 .69岁 ,女生平均年龄为 1 5 .2 7岁。方法 :参考《初中学生性心理教育状况调查表》、《高中学生性心理教育状况调查表》自行编制调…     

贫困家庭儿童在青少年早期的亲社会行为发展轨迹：性别及父母教养方式异质性的影响

为了探究贫困家庭儿童在青少年早期的亲社会行为发展轨迹以及父母教养方式的异质性及其性别效应,对815名贫困家庭儿童(M=11.75±1.55岁;男生351人)的父母教养方式进行评估,并对其亲社会行为进行了2年共4次的追踪调查,数据分别采用潜在剖面分析和多组潜变量增长模型进行分析。结果发现：(1)贫困家庭儿童的亲社会行为水平在青少年早期呈显著的线性下降趋势;(2)贫困家庭父母教养方式的异质性对儿童亲社会行为的初始水平和发展轨迹均有显著的效应,积极关爱型贫困家庭儿童的亲社会行为初始水平得分显著高于其它类型,但在发展轨迹上却呈线性下降的趋势;消极控制型贫困家庭儿童的亲社会行为在初始水平上显著低于其它类型,其发展轨迹无显著变化;(3)在性别效应上,适度关爱型组别中女生亲社会行为的初始水平显著的高于男生,且该组女生的亲社会行为下降速度比男生缓慢。结论：贫困家庭父母教养方式的异质性对青少年早期儿童亲社会行为发展轨迹存在显著效应,适度关爱型父母教养方式可以缓冲贫困家庭中女孩亲社会行为的下降速度。     

青少年性发展的差异及其对人格发展的影响

研究青少年性发育现状及其对性心理与人格发展的影响。方法：采用统一编制的《中学生性现状调查问卷》及16PF人格问卷,采用分层抽样方法,对江西4所中学的1000名学生进行问卷调查。结果：(1)青少年手淫行为发生率、与异性交往愿望及性冲动等方面均存在性别差异和年级差异;(2)性成熟的青少年的多种人格特征与未成熟的存在显著性差异。结论：青少年性生理发育正常,但在性心理方面很不成熟,对手淫、性冲动和异性交往等方面问题较多,性发展影响青少年人格发展。     

中学性教育:背景、问题与对策

一、中学性教育的现实背景1.性早熟与性教育严重滞后的矛盾随着我国经济的迅速发展,人民物质生活水平的显著提高,医疗卫生条件的改善,社会文化刺激的日益增多,我国青少年的性发育相对前移。根据我国社会学家刘达临等于1989～1990年进行的2万例性调查来看,男中学生首次遗精的平均年龄是14.4岁,女中学生月经初潮的平均年龄是13.04岁,都比50年代以前的青少年要提前一年半左右。伴随青少年性生理发育的前移和他们在社会化过程中接受性信息的广泛与频繁,他们的性心理发展也大大提前。青少年性生理和性心理的提前,迫切要求中学的性教育能够适应学…     

青少年“无聊症候群”问题探讨

为了探讨我国学校青少年“无聊症候群”问题的有关现状及成因,选取浙江省4个地区7所中学的613名中学生为研究对象,采用自编量表进行调查。研究发现：(1)“无聊症候群”问题在青少年群体中具有较高比例;(2)男生总体平均得分显著地高于女生;(3)城区中学学生总体平均得分显著地高于乡镇中学学生;(4)独生子女与非独生子女总体上无显著性差异;(5)六个年级间总体上无显著性差异。     

上海市青少年心理适应性研究

心理适应是心理健康的外在表现,更是现代社会中个体心理健康的重要标志.为了了解处于社会迅速转型时期的国际大都市上海地区青少年心理适应的状况,在全国调查的背景下,通过对上海地区小学五年级至高中三年级1515名青少年的调查和对仝国数据的比较发现:(1)上海市青少年的心理适应性总体水平略低于全国;(2)存在显著的年级差异,但与全国不同的是初二年级的心理适应性最差;(3)适应性在总体上不存在性别差异,但是女生在生理适应方面显著高于男生,而男生在人际适应方面显著高于女生;(4)学校性质、年龄、性别、家庭所在地、父母受教育水平、家庭月收入等因素与青少年心理适应性密切相关.     

学生感知的教师欺凌态度与学生欺凌行为的关系——学生欺凌态度的中介作用及其性别的调节作用

校园欺凌严重影响青少年身心的健康发展,教师是预防和干预校园欺凌的重要力量。本研究拟在考察学生感知的教师欺凌态度与学生欺凌行为关系的基础上,探究学生欺凌态度的中介效应以及性别的调节作用。本研究采用《校园欺凌量表》、《学生欺凌态度量表》以及《学生感知的教师欺凌态度量表》对来自北京市两所初中的698名初一和初二学生进行测查。结果显示:(1)初中男生总体及不同类型的欺凌行为及其欺凌态度均显著高于女生,而女生所感知的教师欺凌严重性态度则显著高于男生;(2)学生感知的教师欺凌严重性态度显著负向预测学生欺凌行为;(3)学生欺凌态度在学生感知的教师欺凌态度和学生欺凌行为之间起部分中介作用;(4)学生欺凌态度的中介效应存在显著性别差异,男生欺凌态度为部分中介作用,而女生欺凌态度为完全中介作用。     

家庭经济压力与初中生幸福感的关系：歧视知觉的中介作用和控制感的调节作用

为探讨家庭经济压力与初中生当下、未来取向幸福感的关系及歧视知觉和控制感在其中的作用机制,采用家庭经济压力问卷、歧视知觉问卷、控制感问卷和青少年幸福感问卷对8374名初中生(平均年龄14.31岁,46.9%男生,53.1%女生)进行调查。结果显示：(1)家庭经济压力显著负向预测初中生的当下和未来取向幸福感;(2)家庭经济压力越大,初中生的歧视知觉水平越高,当下和未来取向的幸福感水平越低;(3)歧视知觉的中介作用受到控制感的调节,与控制感高的学生相比,控制感低的学生的歧视知觉对其当下和未来取向幸福感的负向预测作用更大。研究结果有助于揭示家庭经济压力对初中生幸福感产生预测作用的机制,并提示降低初中生的歧视知觉和提升初中生的控制感有助于提升初中生的幸福感。     

青少年性教育的"三理"诠释

人类的性是生理、心理及伦理系统的存在整体."三理"教育的实质是生理、心理及伦理的整合创新模式.从"三理"的视角理解,青少年性教育是依据青少年身心发展规律,帮助青少年打破性无知、和谐性心理、内化性道德、培养性责任.其中以性生理教育为基础,性心理教育为重点,性道德教育为核心,做到"三理结合、三理同步".在家庭、学校及社会的共同努力下,使青少年性教育纳入义务教育之中,帮助青少年健康"性"成长.     

Together – apart: in touch in a time of separation

This paper explores the experience of working as a Jungian analyst through the various phases of the global COVID-19 pandemic, examining the importance of the physical containing space alongside the analyst’s internal mind and how technology can both help and hinder understanding. A number of clinical vignettes illustrate the challenge of communicating over a distance, paying particular attention to the way countertransference phenomena can become re-attuned. Reference is made to mythology and symbols of hope, and consideration given to the meaning and purpose of the pandemic.     

Language,politics and dreams: the challenges of building resilience in refugees

This paper describes a case study of a 60-year-old Peruvian refugee in some detail, focusing on the importance of building emotional resilience in a patient in Spanish in order to create a space for learning the English language – the patient did not speak English after 20 years of living in Britain. The work was carried out with an interpreter and some of the literature on working with interpreters is referred to. The paper also briefly outlines the refugee journey in broad terms, which is a journey from the culturally known to the culturally unknown. The question of how well the literature on resilience, which sits firmly within a Western developmental perspective, can be applied to refugees, most of whom come from group and family-based cultures dominated by ideas of honour and shame, is discussed. The paper also touches on the importance of the receiving country enabling or not, as the case may be, a transitional space for refugees who have lost their home and are seeking to find a safe haven in a strange culture.     

The Possibility of Meaning in Human Evolution

Science undermines the certitude of non-naturalistic answers to the question of whether human life has meaning. I explore whether evolution can provide a naturalistic basis for existential meaning. Using the work of philosopher Daniel Dennett and scientist Ursula Goodenough, I argue that evolution is the locus of the possibility of meaning because it has produced intentionality, the matrix of consciousness. I conclude that the question of the meaning of human life is an existentialist one: existential meaning is a product of the individual and collective tasks human beings undertake.     

When is it time to stop? When good enough becomes bad enough

This article draws on Winnicott’s concept of the good enough mother to discuss how to know whether a therapeutic situation is good enough to continue or bad enough to end. This dilemma is explored in terms of clinical syndromes, such as anorexia and pathological gambling, but focuses mainly on analyst-initiated endings, which are termed the ‘Casablanca dilemma’, based on an amplification of the ending of the film Casablanca. The author goes on to discuss such one-sided endings, drawing on interviews with 40 analysts and therapists about their clinical experience. A typology of bad enough endings is presented. The psychological differences between a good enough analysis as opposed to a bad enough one are explored through the ideas of Winnicott and Neumann.     

The transcendent function in Spitteler’s Prometheus and Epimetheus

In August 2020, John Beebe and Steve Myers met via Zoom to discuss their differing interpretations of psychological typology and the different sources within Jung’s writings that influenced their books: Integrity in Depth: Energies and Patterns in Psychological Type (Beebe), and Myers-Briggs Typology vs Jungian Individuation (Myers). The discussion centred on Spitteler’s epic poem Prometheus und Epimetheus, which forms the basis of chapter V of Psychological Types. This is both the largest chapter and one of two chapters that Jung highlighted in the Argentine foreword as containing the essence of the book. Jung’s book is primarily about the transformation of personality rather than the categorization of people. Although it contains a critical psychology that deconstructs the nature of consciousness, that is only one half of the book and a stepping-stone to the other half, which is the reconciliation of opposites with particular emphasis on the relation of consciousness and the unconscious. Jung assumed that readers were already familiar with Prometheus und Epimetheus, an understanding of which sheds light on the nature of the transformation that Jung described – the development of a new attitude towards attitude itself.     

Kann Es Ein Argument Für Den Skeptizismus Geben? Das Epistemische Problem Der Irrtumsmöglichkeit

Summary  Is there any argument for scepticism? The epistemic problem of the possibility of error. Arguments for scepticism rest on the assumption that knowledge claims are fallible. For this reason the concept of knowledge appears to be questionable. Since it is necessary to distinguish doubts from possible doubts, the arguments for scepticism appear to be unconvincing. If we take it into account that we know something that is immune to doubt, we should draw the conclusion that, contrary to scepticism, knowledge claims have to be compatible with being fallible. Thus any knowledge claim is capable of being doubted.     

Chapter 6: Biblical Foundations for a Practical Theology of Aging

SUMMARY

This article reviews Biblical sources pertaining to the elderly, particularly the frail elderly. Founded on these sources, implications for elderly with Alzheimer's Disease and other forms of dementia are addressed through a personal perspective informed by writings of Christian mystics.     

Mythological Underpinnings of Feminine Development

In the manner of Oedipus Rex, the myth of Myrrha—a story about a daughter's initiation of sex with her father—promises to divulge insights about feminine development. Given parallels between these two myths, the author asks why Jung identified Electra rather than Myrrha as the feminine counterpart to Oedipus, and revisits Freud's and Jung's differing interpretations of the incest theme in personality development. To break open the metaphor of Myrrha's incest, the author analyzes a similar account of incest in the Old Testament story of Lot and his wife and finds that they share a theme of female bitterness related to wounding of the mother and its arresting effect on the daughter's maturation. The article then considers the Demeter-Persephone myth, a tale not of incest but rape in Persephone's initiation into womanhood. In contrast to Myrrha, Persephone's development unfolds with strong maternal support tempered by the opposing claims on her by the masculine. The article draws these stories together to illuminate the archetypal forces that drive feminine development as well as the human affairs that resist and complicate them. The article concludes with a case study of a client whose developmental “stuckness” follows the contours of the Myrrha myth.     

Order,disorder, and the absolute: An experiment in dialogue

The first section of this dialogue is excerpted from an edited conversation between Sean Kelly and the late David Bohm, and focuses on the concepts of order, disorder, and the Absolute. The second section explores these concepts in greater depth, with Bohm maintaining the impossibility of absolute knowledge and the fundamental unintelligibility of the concept of disorder, preferring instead to speak of “orders of infinite degree” which emerge out of an “unknown ground.” Kelly responds by proposing the concept of “absolute knowing” as the cognitive process within which the concepts of order and disorder, the known and the Unknown are seen as dialectically related moments of the Absolute as complex whole. The third section is Edgar Morin's response to the preceding dialogue. He begins by outlining his views on the nature and limits of rationality, maintaining, with Bohm, the superiority of the “negative modality” of speaking about “being” or “reality.” In the second part, however, he proposes the notion of nature as “chaosmos,” which he understands as a creative “dialogic” of order, disorder, and organization.