青少年学生性生理、性心理发展及性教育现状研究

目的：研究青少年学生性生理、心理的发展及性教育的现状。方法：采用统一编制的《江西省中学生性现状调查问卷》,采用分层抽样方法,对江西省三县市4所中学的1100名学生进行问卷调查。结果：(1)男生首次遗精平均年龄为14．07岁,女生月经初潮平均年龄为12．96岁;(2)江西青少年手淫行为发生率较国外学生低,但对此行为更多表示否定态度;青少年有较强的异性交往愿望;(3)青少年性教育方面,家庭和学校教育未占主导作用,而女生在学校与家庭中受到的性教育显著高于男生;结论：江西青少年性生理发育正常,但在性生理、性心理发展中出现的正常现象的认识上存在许多误区。此外,青少年缺少必要的性教育,且效果不明显。     

浙江省中学生性心理发展与人际交往关系的调查研究

本研究采用经过修订的《中学生性心理调查问卷》和《中学生人际交往调查问卷》,对浙江省中学生的性心理发展与人际交往的现状进行了调查,调查结果表明：(1)性心理发展中性认知水平、表露欲两个维度存在着显著的年龄差异和性别差异;(2)在人际交往方面,不同年级的学生在性别倾向上有显著的差异;(3)从总体上看,中学生性心理发展与人际交往之间的相关并不显著,但在性心理发展水平与人际交往中的外向性、性别倾向等方面呈显著正相关。     

青少年异性交往心理问题研究综述

异性交往对青少年的成长与发展具有极其积傲的功能：(1)能够促进自我同一感的发展;(2)有利于增进心理健康;(3)有助于增进友谊．并为日后获得成熟爱情积累经验：同时．青少年异性交往存在不少心理问题。并且．对青少年的异性交往仍存在着教育误区．主要表现为不当的教育观念和教育方式,当前．有关青少年异性交往的研究主要集中在：e3q青a少年异性交往的发展阶段、特点、影响因素和教育构想,缺乏对青少年异性交往心理问题的研究,研究领域较为狭窄;理论研究多．实证研究少;缺乏专门、科学的测量工具。     

怎样看待青春期的两性交往

青春期是异性交往的敏感期,性生理和性心理的不断成熟,使得众多风华正茂的少男少女在两性面前显得困惑和手足无措。因此,对这些涉世未深的男女青少年给予异性交往的正确     

儿童青少年与异性交往心理发展的抽样调查

一、研究目的与方法年轻人随着身体的发育与性的成熟,越来越关心和向往与异性同伴的交往。他(她)们与异性的交往心理及其表现会受到社会文化背景的制约。我国在实行开放政策的当代,年轻一代与异性交往心理的发展,必有许多新的特点。为了研究这些特点,我们进行了各阶段学生与异性交往心理的抽样调查。     

青春期学生异性交往心理与行为特征研究

通过对13个班级共679名学生的问卷调查,选择出194名高中生作为被试样本,研究结果表明：(1)自尊水平、自信程度和语言能力对学生的异性交往行为水平有着重要影响。(2)外貌与体能在学生异性交往中影响不大。(3)高中学生在异性交往过程中,存在着认知偏差和认知失调。(4)对异性交往行为的归因表明,学校环境和学生自己在异性交往中的努力程度,会对异性交往及其效果产生影响。(5)学生的能力和自己的努力程度,对异性人际关系的形成与发展有重要影响。     

人格与青少年犯罪的关系研究

简要介绍了有关青少年犯罪的人格理论,然后按照研究中所采用的不同的人格测量工具：明尼苏达多相人格测验、艾森克人格问卷、卡特尔16项人格因素测验和加利福尼亚人格问卷,以及大五人格问卷分类综述了近10年来人格与青少年犯罪的关系研究。近五年的研究主要采用大五人格结构,将变量中心法和个体中心法相结合,以及将人格和环境因素相结合来研究人格对青少年犯罪的影响作用。进一步的研究需要在人格测量和研究设计上予以改进,深入揭示人格对青少年犯罪的影响机制     

儿童青少年的创造性人格发展特点的研究

本研究以《威廉姆斯创造性个性倾向测验》为测验工具、以3729名(9～19岁)学生为研究对象,考察了儿童青少年的创造性人格发展的特点及影响因素。研究发现：儿童青少年创造性人格的发展存在阶段性;单亲家庭与双亲家庭的学生在创造性人格水平上没有差异;女生在创造性人格的总水平以及冒险性、想象力维度的得分显著高于男生;不同类型学校学生的创造性人格水平在各个学段都存在差异,并存在不同的发展趋势,其中重点学校学生创造性人格的变化方向是向下的,其显著的下降发生在初高中之间。     

青少年的交往目标与同伴关系的研究

被试为754名中学生。对交往目标问卷的因素分析抽取出帮助与支持、受欢迎性、亲密性、领导地位、回避性和支配性6个维度。仅在男生中发现了同伴接纳水平不同的青少年在交往目标上存在差异,有无互选朋友的青少年在交往目标上也存在着差异。有互选朋友的比没有互选朋友的在受欢迎性、亲密性和回避性三个维度上分数较高。青少年的交往目标还存在年龄与性别差异。交往目标中的积极维度和互选朋友数对友谊质量中的积极维度具有正向预测作用,而消极维度则可以预测友谊质量中较多的冲突与背叛。     

亲子关系与青少年冒险行为的关系:一个有调节的中介模型

该研究探讨了亲子关系与青少年冒险行为的关系,并提出一个有调节的中介模型,考察自控力的中介效应和不良同伴交往对该效应的调节效应。对1263名青少年采用问卷调查,研究工具包括关系网络问卷、中学生自我控制能力量表、同伴群体特征问卷、青少年冒险行为问卷。结果表明：（1）自控力在亲子关系与青少年冒险行为之间起中介作用,即亲子关系通过自控力间接影响青少年的冒险行为。（2）亲子关系通过自控力的间接效应受到不良同伴交往的调节,交往较多的不良同伴使低自控力青少年的冒险行为增多。因此,自控力在亲子关系与冒险行为之间存在中介效应,且该效应受到不良同伴交往的调节。     

Where birds flock to get together: The who,what, where,and why of mate searching

An understudied area of personality psychology is how personality traits might facilitate structuring of one’s environment toward goals like mating. In four studies (N = 1325), we examined (1) self-reports of where individuals go to find long-term and short-term mates, (2) how personality traits are associated with the use of these locations, and (3) how the sexes differ in their selection of mate search locations. Men were more likely than women were to use short-term (e.g., bars) than long-term (e.g., community events) niches, but did not differ in success in those niches and agreed on the nature of those niches. Slow life history traits, conscientiousness and agreeableness, were linked to preferences for long-term niches whereas, fast life history traits, narcissism and dishonesty, were linked to preferences for short-term mating niches.     

Correlations among measures of executive function and positive psychological attributes in college students

Executive functions are cognitive abilities that allow for more goal-oriented and autonomous behavior. The authors examined the relationship between self-rated executive functions and 3 positive personality attributes (satisfaction with life, gratitude, and forgiveness) in a nonclinical community sample. The authors used self-report scales (Executive Function Index, Heartland Forgiveness Scale "other" subscale, Satisfaction With Life Scale, and the Gratitude Questionnaire) to examine how executive functions related to the positive psychology attributes. After controlling for age, sex, and formal education, positive relationships emerged among gratitude, satisfaction, and executive function scales of motivational drive, empathy, and strategic planning. However, an inverse relationship emerged between impulse control and forgiveness, perhaps relating to cautiousness and suggesting finer distinctions between adaptive and maladaptive forms of forgiveness. These findings suggest common psychological and neurobiological substrates for executive functions and positive psychology attributes, warranting further, more direct biobehavioral research.     

Prospective memory performance across adolescence

In the present study, the authors explored age differences in event-based prospective memory (PM) across adolescence. The tasks consisted of an ongoing task (OT; i.e., personality questionnaire items, math problems) and an embedded prospective task that required participants to remember to make a special response whenever they encountered a PM cue (i.e., a negative word in the OT). The 341 participants (aged 13-22 years) revealed a significant main effect of age, which indicated better PM performance of young adults compared with teenagers. Moreover, when emphasizing the OT versus the PM task, teenagers' PM profited from PM emphasis more than did young adults' PM. The authors discuss the data in the context of limited executive capacity as a factor influencing cognitive development across adolescence.     

Situational moderators of gender differences in reward allocations

This experiment investigated the impact of four variables, hypothesized to convey cues as to sex-role appropriate behavior, on gender differences in reward allocations between self and a co-worker. These variables were: expectations for future interactions with the co-worker, sex of co-worker, type of reward, and type of allocation decision. Males and females were asked to indicate how they would allocate money or course points between themselves and a same or opposite sex co-worker with inferior performance. Females allocated either type of reward more equitably than males when making independent allocations. When making joint (zero-sum) allocations, however, both sexes allocated rewards more equitably with a same-sex co-worker than with an opposite-sex co-worker when future interaction with the co-worker was expected. Grades were seen as more important than money by both sexes, and both men and women allocated course points more equitably than money. Type of reward did not, however, differentially affect men's and women's allocation patterns. Overall, independent allocations were more equitable than joint allocations. Results are discussed as suggesting that gender differences in reward allocations are not a result of inherent personality differences between the sexes but rather reflect the influence of situational factors that can arouse sex-role specific self-presentational concerns.     

宁夏青少年个性发展研究

采用《青少年心理健康素质调查表——个性分量表》对宁夏回族自治区2880名学生进行测查。经验证性因素分析（CFA）和方差分析（ANOVA）。结果表明：（1）个性分量表具有良好的结构,个性各维度信度较低。但总的个性分量表信度较高;（2）不同民族在坚持、自制、内外倾、开放和耐挫折五个个性维度方面差异显著,而在乐观悲观、责任、冒险、独立四个个性维度差异不明疆,个性特征在不同民族青少年之闽既存在明显的差异性也有一定程度的相似性;（3）对于不同的个性维度和不同的性别,民族对个性发展过程的影响是不同的。     

家庭社会经济地位与青少年智慧的关系:积极教养方式和开放性人格的中介作用

以696名初高中学生为研究对象,考察家庭社会经济地位与青少年智慧的关系,以及积极教养方式和开放性人格的中介作用。结果表明：（1）家庭社会经济地位、积极教养方式、开放性人格与智慧四个变量之间存在显著正相关;（2）积极教养方式在家庭社会经济地位与青少年智慧之间起完全中介作用,但开放性人格在家庭社会经济地位与智慧之间不起中介作用,开放性人格在积极教养方式与智慧之间起部分中介作用,积极教养方式、开放性人格在家庭社会经济地位与智慧之间起链式中介作用。     

中国青少年互联网心理与行为研究及展望

本文回顾了近十年来中国青少年互联网心理与行为的研究成果,从研究主题的角度进行了聚类分析,并与国外青少年互联网心理与行为研究进行了对比。发现中国青少年互联网心理与行为研究主要聚焦于网络成瘾方面,同时也在网络欺负、网络亲社会行为、网络自我表露等领域有较为丰富的研究成果。现有研究存在研究领域相对狭窄、研究内容深度不足、研究方法较为单一等问题。结合青少年互联网使用特点和时代发展与变迁,本文从大数据、新媒体、电子竞技三个方面展望了未来中国青少年互联网心理与行为研究的方向,对互联网时代下的心理学研究具有理论和实践的启发意义。     

Sex differences in value priorities: cross-cultural and multimethod studies

The authors assess sex differences in the importance of 10 basic values as guiding principles. Findings from 127 samples in 70 countries (N = 77,528) reveal that men attribute consistently more importance than women do to power, stimulation, hedonism, achievement, and self-direction values; the reverse is true for benevolence and universalism values and less consistently for security values. The sexes do not differ on tradition and conformity values. Sex differences are small (median d = .15; maximum d = .32 [power]) and typically explain less variance than age and much less than culture. Culture moderates all sex differences and sample type and measurement instrument have minor influences. The authors discuss compatibility of findings with evolutionary psychology and sex role theory and propose an agenda for future research.     

Individual differences in moral development: The relation of sex, gender, and personality to morality

Individual differences in moral development are examined, with a particular emphasis on sex and gender differences. This examination includes an extensive review of the empirical and theoretical literature in psychology on morality. Based on this review, it is concluded that sex differences occur with less frequency and with a less systematic favoring of males than is predicted by several theories of moral development. In addition, a study is presented which considers the relation of sex, gender, and personality to morality. Two age cohort samples, college sophomores (n = 169) and adults (n = 151), were assessed with the moral judgment scale of the cognitive-developmental model (Kohlberg, 1984) and a newly developed moral character template of the personological model (Lifton, in press). Participants also completed the CPI and MMPI personality inventories. Results of the study indicate (1) the absence of sex differences for either model, (2) the presence of gender differences favoring masculine persons for the cognitive-developmental but not personological model, and (3) that individual differences in moral development parallel individual differences in personality development. The implications of these findings are discussed with regard to Gilligan's (1982) claim that men and women differ in their moral orientations. Finally, it is argued that an individual difference approach, particularly one that emphasizes personality, would prove useful for future research on moral development.     

Development of sex biases in children: 40 years later

Children in grades 2–10 (200 of each sex) assigned desirable and undesirable traits to girls or boys. Half the subjects had an additional option of both sexes. Children in all grades assigned more desirable traits to their own sex and more undesirable traits to the opposite sex, in line with Smith (1939). Both sexes became less positive toward their own sex and more positive toward the opposite sex with increasing age. This pattern also had characterized girls in Smith's study, whereas, boys had shown the opposite pattern. Beginning in the sixth grade, girls were more apt than boys to assign desirable traits to their own sex. Availability of the “both sexes” option decreased stereotyping, especially in girls.