从系统论看Treg/Th17平衡与母胎界面的免疫调节

随着生殖免疫学研究的逐步深入,母胎界面的免疫耐受已成当前这一领域的研究热点。T淋巴细胞在母胎界面免疫稳定过程中发挥重要的调节作用,近年来,Th1/Th2/Treg/Th17模式的提出,突破了既往Th1/Th2平衡理论的研究局限,丰富了母胎界面免疫平衡的内容,给我们提供了许多有益的思考。这提示我们,在医学科研过程中主动运用辩证思维和系统论的方法,能够拓展我们的思路,指导我们获得正确的理论和方法,从而进一步推动生殖免疫学的不断发展。     

IDDM与多发性内分泌自身免疫性疾病的关联研究的启示

近年来 ,随着免疫学和放射性核素诊断学的进展 ,研究人员已对多发性内分泌自身免疫综合征(ａｕｔｏｉｍｍｕｎｅｐｏｌｙｇｌａｎｄｕｌｌａｒｓｙｎｄｒｏｍｅ ,ＡＰＳ)进行了发病机理和分型的深入研究。ＡＰＳ是指病理性自身免疫反应引起 2个以上内分泌腺疾病组合的症候群 ,临床上主要分为 3型 ,其中ＩＤＤＭ (胰岛素依赖型糖尿病 )最易与其他自身免疫性疾病相伴 ,也最受免疫学家们的关注。对ＩＤＤＭ与其他相伴的自身免疫性疾病的临床及基因相关联的研究 ,充满了科学思维的过程 ,极大的促进了ＩＤＤＭ及其他自身免疫性疾病的发病机制的认…     

心理神经免疫学的新进展

心理因素对免疫的影响已经引起了研究者的特别关注。近两年心理神经免疫学研究会((Psychoneuroimmunology esearch ociety)每年召开一次世界性心理神经免疫学学术年会,而且在Entrez-PubMed和BioMedNet中,1985-2001年标题中含有psychoneuroimmunology的文章分别有130篇和131篇,文字中含有psychoneuroimmunology的文章有605篇,这些足见免疫学界对心理神经免疫问题的重视。     

条件反射性免疫调节的动物研究

心理神经免疫学是一个新兴的跨学科研究领域,其研究内容涉及许多方面。其中条件反射性免疫调节是心理神经免疫学研究中最引人注目的研究领域。本文着重介绍了有关条件反射性免疫药理学效应及抗原作为非条件刺激所致的条件反射性的免疫效应的基本的实验设计和研究方法,讨论了对其实验结果的不同解释,对条件反射性免疫效应方向的预测及所包含的学习过程也进行了一定的分析。     

现代科技革命与医学免疫学的发展

本文简要叙述了免疫学的一些最新进展,以及现代科学技术革命与免疫学发展的关系。随着现代科技革命新理论和新方法的产生和发展,从分子水平上阐明了人体免疫的某些机制的认识,并且临床上也涌现出许多新的免疫学诊断技术和治疗方法,说明了现代医学的进步必须借鉴许多科学的理论和方法,自觉地重视和吸收其它科学的新成就,特别是现代科学技术的新成就。     

肿瘤的心理神经免疫学研究进展

心理神经免疫学是研究行为、神经内分泌和免疫过程的一门交叉学科,近年来在心理社会因素与肿瘤的关系及其机制的研究中发挥出其独特的作用。目前已证明心理社会因素可以通过改变免疾系统来影响肿瘤的发生和发展,而神经内分泌系统参与了其中的信息传递和调节作用。本文就肿瘤的心理神经免疫学研究的新进展予以介绍。     

从自然选择学说看肿瘤免疫

当今人类生存的环境发生了变化,肿瘤的发病率和病死率也越来越高,肿瘤细胞面对强大的免疫系统生存下来,说明肿瘤生存能力增强已经适应了其生存环境,这是环境对肿瘤细胞自然选择的结果。自然选择学说始终贯穿于肿瘤免疫学的免疫监视理论和免疫编辑学说之中,从自然选择的角度看肿瘤免疫学,将为肿瘤治疗策略开创一条新路。     

论免疫生物工程

论免疫生物工程白求恩医科大学免疫教研室博士生（１３００２１）张亮林“免疫生物工程”新概念是我国著名免疫学家杨贵贞教授依据生物工程技术对当代免疫学研究广泛渗透的趋势及在多年工作实践总结的基础上提出的，它包括应用于免疫学研究领域的基因工程、细胞工程、分子...     

手足口病全身炎症反应综合征免疫机制之我见

手足口病重症、危重症常出现全身炎症反应综合征.全身炎症反应综合征发病机制有多种学说:细胞因子风暴说、正反馈说、促炎/抗炎因子平衡说等.本文根据免疫系统由固有性免疫与适应性免疫两部分组成及固有性免疫→抗原提呈→适应性免疫构成一个完整的免疫网络的已知理论,结合系统论、信息论、控制论观点对手足口病全身炎症反应综合征免疫学发病机制进行探讨,提出了“固有免疫代偿/失代偿”新学说.     

抗原概念的内涵与外延

传统抗原概念在解释许多现代免疫现象时容易产生歧义。运用逻辑思维对抗原概念的内涵和外延进行分析界定,明确了传统抗原概念的不适用性和局限性;提出并论述了用免疫系统"识别危险信号"替代"识别抗原",启动免疫应答这一观点的适用性、合理性。有助于准确理解现代免疫学概念、理论的精髓。     

Stress and Immunity: Age Enhances the Risks

A competent immune response is central to good health. There is good evidence that both aging and psychological stress can dysregulate immune function, resulting in changes in various aspects of the immune response that are large enough to have consequences for health. Older adults appear to show even greater immunological impairments associated with stress or depression than younger adults. Thus, the data suggest that aging interacts with stress and depression to enhance risks for morbidity and mortality among older adults.     

Negative affectivity,coping, immune status,and disease progression in hiv iwected individuals

Abstract

The primary goal of the study was to assess the relationship between personality dispositions, coping styles, immune markers, clinical status, and subjective somatic symptoms in a mixed sample of HIV positive individuals. Specifically, the prognostic value of psychological and immunological measures in HIV progression was emphasized. Subjects (n = 104) were recruited from a cohort of 422 HIV positive individuals enrolled in the Oslo HIV Cohort Study. The partkipants were given self-administered questionnaires assessing behavioral, psychological, and psychdal variables. Clinical assessment and immunological tests were performed at regular follow-up visits. Clinical status was assessed according to the Centers for Disurse Control criteria. The immune markers used were CD4 T cell counts, beta2-microglobulin concentration, sewn levels of HIV-1 p24 core protein, and levels of antibodies to core protein. In addition, subjective somatic symptoms were assessed.

The results showed that measure-s of negative affectivity (NA; e.g. anxiety, distress, tension) were consistently related to subjective somatic symptoms and passivedefensive coping style. However, no amistent association between NA measures and immune markers was found. Individuals who developed AIDS in the study period had significantly lower initial CD4 cell counts as well as lower scores on measures of active-pmblem related wping (e.g. Positive reappraisal, Seeking social support) and passivedefensive coping (i.e. Escape-Avoidance, Self-control).

The results suggest (1) that coping styles may merit a specific focus in future research of psychological factors and medical outcomes in HIV infection, and (2) because of associations of NA measures with symptom reports studies of the relationship between e.g. stress, depression and HIV outcome should consider these variables as confounders.     

条件反射性免疫抑制研究的新进展

条件反射性免疫抑制 (CIS)模式基于巴甫洛夫条件反射的机理 ,通过大脑对免疫系统进行调节 ,是一种重要的心理神经免疫学方法。近 10年来的研究取得了一些重要的进展。首先 ,条件反射性免疫抑制模型已证实是非常稳定可靠的心理神经免疫模型。其次 ,关于CIS的机制在体液、细胞、神经学方面都有广泛的研究 ,而近年来更趋向于对神经性通路的探讨。而CIS的临床应用性研究也在实验动物身上取得了稳定可靠的结果 ,证实了其未来临床应用的可行性及潜力     

心理社会应激的免疫反应规律与机制

心理社会应激会引起免疫系统发生免疫防御、免疫自稳和免疫监视方面的功能变化, 并随着应激刺激的时间和强度的变化而发生着异常与正常之间的动态转变。其机制与遗传、神经内分泌、自由基代谢和肠道菌群变化等生物学因素相关, 且小胶质细胞可能在其中起着重要的中介作用。诸多的生物学因素与年龄、性别和经济地位等人口学因素共同决定着心理社会应激的免疫反应发生发展。在其干预中, 运动疗法中的体育锻炼是极为值得重视的一种手段。     

Immune disorders and handedness in dyslexic boys and their relatives

Thirty dyslexic and 30 control boys aged 7–11 years were compared for frequency of immune disorders and handedness as well as for family history of immune disorders and learning disabilities (dyslexia and stuttering). They were also compared for neurological status and for history of speech and language difficulties. There were no significant differences between the two groups in the frequency of immune disorders and in handedness. The results showed significantly more dyslexic boys with soft neurological signs and signs of speech and language disorders. The frequency of dyslexia was significantly higher in the relatives of the dyslexic boys. Also significantly more mothers of the dyslexic boys reported difficulties during pregnancy and complications at delivery. The results are discussed in terms of Geschwind's hypothesis and neuromaturational delay as possible determinants of developmental dyslexia.     

机体免疫反应与肿瘤发生的理性思考

在肿瘤发生的各个阶段中,机体免疫系统的免疫监控功能始终贯穿于每一个阶段.机体免疫系统和致癌因素是矛盾消长的辩证关系,虽然机体具有严密的免疫监视机制,但某些情况下恶变细胞也可能通过多种机制逃避机体的免疫监视,使机体的免疫系统出现障碍而无法对肿瘤细胞进行识别和杀伤,从而导致肿瘤的发生.     

The Biological Function Paradigm Applied to the Immunological Self-Non-Self Discrimination: Critique of Tauber's Phenomenological Analysis

Biological self reference idioms in brain-centered or nervous-system-centered self determination of the consious Self reveal an interesting contrast with biological self-determination by immunological self/non-self discrimination. This contrast is both biological and epistemological. In contrast to the consciousness conscious of itself, the immunological self-determination imposes a protective mechanism against self-recognition (Coutinho et al. 1984), which adds to a largely unconscious achievement of the biological Self (Popper 1977; Medawar 1959). The latter viewpoint is in contrast with the immunological Self-determination as an essentially cognitive process as expressed in the analysis of Tauber (1994). Comparison of the immune system in vertebrates and invertebrates, according to new biological insights, has contributed to a better understanding of the relative role of innate (or inherited) immunity versus immunity acquired during each individual life. Also in this respect, immunological self-achievement shows both a striking analogy and a fundamental discrepancy with the activity of the nervous system. The analysis of immunological Self/non-self discrimination versus brain-centered self-determination adds to the understanding of the function paradigm in biological self-reference idioms, especially when regarding the importance of the connectivity notion in both systems. Adopting functional explanatory schemes for understanding immunological self-non-self discrimination, as well as for the understanding of functional mapping of the brain at (conscious) activity (Friston et al. 1993; Frith et al. 1995), forwards the notion of effective/functional connectivity. Network connectivity not only is a primary question in solving the dimensionality question for immunological ‘idiotypic networks’ (Jerne 1974a, b; 1984), it may also have an important value in describing phase transitions in the development of both immune and nervous systems. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Psychosocial risk factors, natural immunity, and cancer progression: Implications for intervention

One of the more important and emerging fields in which psychologists collaborate with other disciplines is psychoimmunology. Centuries of clinical anecdote and decades of psychosomatic hypotheses have gained credibility in the eyes of the medical establishment—and many patients—by the systematic investigation of mechanisms potentially explaining how events intrapsychic and interpersonal could affect physical disease processes. The central nervous system is connected with the immune system by both neuronal and endocrinological pathways. The immune system has been found to mediate the organism’s response to aberrations of its own normal functions, as well as to invading organisms from without. AIDS, arthritis, asthma, lupus, and herpes are some of the illnesses in which research is demonstrating important relationships among psychosocial and immunological factors and disease course. In this article, we first discuss the immunological apparatus in order to provide a base for subsequent discussions of the effects of stress on immune function. Then we discuss malignant diseases and current evidence that disease course is related to both psychosocial stressors and immune function. We next discuss a model of these interactions, and finally we talk about interventions incorporating psychosocial factors aimed at influencing immune status and, thus, disease course.     

对免疫系统非优性的探讨

免疫系统是维持机体自身稳定的一个重要系统。从系统的功能、环境和信息方面阐述免疫系统优与非优的表现和关系;并提出由于免疫系统存在非优信息的特点,科研人员在对免疫系统认识过程中应客观、全面,在认识事物优的同时也应看到事物非优的一面。