父母教养方式与初中生心理健康关系研究

目的探讨父母教养方式与初中生心理健康的关系。方法应用父母教养方式评价量表(EMBU)和中学生心理健康量表(MSSMHS)对车马中学的450名初中生进行父母教养方式和心理健康调查,并对两者间的关系进行相关分析。结论父母教养方式与初中生心理健康有密切关系,良好的教养方式对于提高初中生的心理健康状况有重要意义。     

转型期初中生心理健康与父母养育方式的研究

本研究采用《心理健康诊断量表》和《父母养育方式问卷》对196名初中生进行测量,探讨初中生心理健康与父母养育方式的影响因素及其相互之间的关系。结果表明,初中生的心理健康问题的检出率依次是自责倾向、恐怖倾向、冲动倾向和对人焦虑;性别因素只在心理健康的学习焦虑、养育方式上的父亲的惩罚、严厉、母亲的过干涉、过保护、父母的拒绝、否认等因素上表现出了显著差异;独生子女与非独生子女子女比较,在恐怖倾向以及惩罚、严厉的养育方式上存在显著差异;父母的文化程度、职业状况、离异、下岗等因素,只有母亲的职业状况因素对心理健康构成了影响;父母消极的教养方式将使学生的焦虑增加,母亲积极的教养方式将使学生的焦虑减少。     

家庭功能与初中生欺负行为:有调节的中介作用

为了探讨家庭功能、父母教养方式与初中生欺负行为之间的关系及其作用机制,研究采用家庭功能量表、父母教养方式量表和欺负量表对429名初中生进行施测。结果显示：（1）家庭功能与父母教养方式中的父母拒绝均能显著预测欺负行为;（2）父母拒绝在家庭功能与欺负行为之间起中介作用;（3）“家庭功能→父母拒绝→欺负行为”这一中介效应的后半路径受到性别的调节,即该中介效应仅在男生群体中显著。     

7岁儿童语言表达的影响因素分析

通过对64名7岁北京市儿童的实验室观察来了解他们气质特点和语言表达发展状况,并对儿童家长进行教养方式和家庭社会经济地位的调查。研究发现家庭收入对儿童的语言表达发展有一定的影响;父母教养方式尤其是父亲的严格教养方式．与儿童的语言表达发展有密切联系;儿童的气质与其语言表达发展的关系在个别维度上显著;儿童气质与父母教养方式的相互作用对语言表达水平存在着影响。     

初中生主观幸福感与父母教养方式的关系研究

目的:为探讨初中生主观幸福感与父母教养方式之间的关系。方法:采用了总体幸福感量表(GWB)和父母教养方式量表(EMBU)对268名初中生施测。结果:初中生主观幸福感无性别上的差异;父母教养方式与初中生主观幸福感存在显著相关;父亲的情感温暖、理解、过度保护以及母亲的情感温暖、理解和否认、拒绝的教养方式可以很好的预测青少年的主观幸福感水平。结论:初中生主观幸福感与父母教养方式密切相关。     

儿童气质和父母教养方式与其陌生环境中语言表达水平

通过对64名7岁北京市儿童的实验室观察来了解他们气质特点和语言表达水平,并对儿童家长进行教养方式的问卷调查。研究发现父母的教养方式尤其是父亲的严格教养方式,与儿童的语言表达水平有显著正相关;儿童的气质与其语言表达水平的相关在个别维度上显著;儿童的气质与其父母的教养方式间存在一定的相互影响,二者相互作用共同影响着儿童的语言表达水平。     

父母消极教养方式对中国性少数心理健康的影响：基于Bifactor模型

中国性少数群体普遍存在严重的心理健康问题，家庭是其最大的压力来源。在性少数压力模型的背景下，本研究基于Bifactor模型探究父母消极教养方式对中国性少数（LGB）心理健康的特殊影响。采用父母教养方式问卷、抑郁-焦虑-压力量表和金赛量表对649名LGB进行网络问卷调查，结果发现：（1）父母消极教养方式的Bifactor模型存在部分差异；（2）对于LGB心理健康，父母消极教养方式的一般因子和拒绝特殊因子具有损害作用，过度保护特殊因子具有保护作用。     

父母婚姻冲突与初中生学业倦怠的关系:共同教养的中介作用

本研究基于家庭系统论的溢出假说,以376名初中生作为被试,采用父母婚姻冲突问卷、学业倦怠问卷和父母共同教养问卷,探讨父母婚姻冲突、父母共同教养对初中生学业倦怠的影响及其作用机制。研究结果发现：（1）父母婚姻冲突中的冲突频率、冲突强度因子与学业倦怠呈显著正相关,不支持型父母共同教养与学业倦怠呈显著正相关,支持型父母共同教养与学业倦怠呈显著负相关;父母婚姻冲突与不支持型父母共同教养呈显著正相关,婚姻冲突较高的父母在共同教养中表现出更多不支持的教养行为;（2）不支持型父母共同教养作为单独变量在父母婚姻冲突与学业倦怠之间起完全中介作用。     

父母教养方式对初中生攻击行为的影响:越轨同伴交往和自我控制的作用

以631名初中生为被试,采用问卷法考察父母教养方式与初中生攻击行为的关系,同时探讨越轨同伴交往的中介作用,以及该作用是否受自我控制的调节。结果发现：（1）消极父母教养方式对越轨同伴交往、攻击行为均有显著的正向预测作用;（2）越轨同伴交往在消极父母教养方式与初中生攻击行为之间起部分中介作用;（3）自我控制可以调节越轨同伴交往对初中生攻击行为的作用,对于低自我控制个体,越轨同伴交往起部分中介作用;对于高自我控制个体,越轨同伴交往的中介效应不显著,消极父母教养方式对攻击行为仅有直接作用。     

初中生父母教养方式、自尊与学习主观幸福感的关系研究

本研究目的在于揭示初中学生父母教养方式、自尊和学习主观幸福感的内在联系。采用了Rosenberg的自尊量表(The Self-Esteem scale,简称SES),付丽丽(2010)编制的中学生学习主观幸福感问卷和龚艺华(2002)参考父母教养方式结构的理论构想编制的父母教养方式问卷作为研究工具,以济南市历下区某所中学的165名初中生为研究对象进行研究,调查数据用SPSS17.0进行处理和分析。本研究得出以下结果:(1)初中生总体的自尊处于中上等水平,性别差异不显著。年级差异显著,其中初一和初二年级间存在显著年级差异。(2)中学生学习主观幸福感总体处于中等偏上水平,性别和年级间的差异都不显著(3)中学生父母教养方式的专制型、信任鼓励型、忽视型、溺爱型维度在性别上存在显著。在年级上,初一年级和初二年级在专制型与忽视型维度都存在显著年级差异。初一年级和初三年级在专制型维度上存在显著年级差异。(4)学习主观幸福感、自尊水平与情感温暖型父母教养方式、信任鼓励型教养方式维度间具有非常显著的正相关关系。自尊水平与专制型、溺爱型、忽视型教养方式维度间具有非常显著的负相关关系。(5)初中生的父母教养方式、自尊对学习主观幸福感具有正向预测作用。(6)初中生的父母教养方式对学习主观幸福感进行预测的过程中,自尊起到了部分中介作用。     

Language,politics and dreams: the challenges of building resilience in refugees

This paper describes a case study of a 60-year-old Peruvian refugee in some detail, focusing on the importance of building emotional resilience in a patient in Spanish in order to create a space for learning the English language – the patient did not speak English after 20 years of living in Britain. The work was carried out with an interpreter and some of the literature on working with interpreters is referred to. The paper also briefly outlines the refugee journey in broad terms, which is a journey from the culturally known to the culturally unknown. The question of how well the literature on resilience, which sits firmly within a Western developmental perspective, can be applied to refugees, most of whom come from group and family-based cultures dominated by ideas of honour and shame, is discussed. The paper also touches on the importance of the receiving country enabling or not, as the case may be, a transitional space for refugees who have lost their home and are seeking to find a safe haven in a strange culture.     

Together – apart: in touch in a time of separation

This paper explores the experience of working as a Jungian analyst through the various phases of the global COVID-19 pandemic, examining the importance of the physical containing space alongside the analyst’s internal mind and how technology can both help and hinder understanding. A number of clinical vignettes illustrate the challenge of communicating over a distance, paying particular attention to the way countertransference phenomena can become re-attuned. Reference is made to mythology and symbols of hope, and consideration given to the meaning and purpose of the pandemic.     

The Possibility of Meaning in Human Evolution

Science undermines the certitude of non-naturalistic answers to the question of whether human life has meaning. I explore whether evolution can provide a naturalistic basis for existential meaning. Using the work of philosopher Daniel Dennett and scientist Ursula Goodenough, I argue that evolution is the locus of the possibility of meaning because it has produced intentionality, the matrix of consciousness. I conclude that the question of the meaning of human life is an existentialist one: existential meaning is a product of the individual and collective tasks human beings undertake.     

When is it time to stop? When good enough becomes bad enough

This article draws on Winnicott’s concept of the good enough mother to discuss how to know whether a therapeutic situation is good enough to continue or bad enough to end. This dilemma is explored in terms of clinical syndromes, such as anorexia and pathological gambling, but focuses mainly on analyst-initiated endings, which are termed the ‘Casablanca dilemma’, based on an amplification of the ending of the film Casablanca. The author goes on to discuss such one-sided endings, drawing on interviews with 40 analysts and therapists about their clinical experience. A typology of bad enough endings is presented. The psychological differences between a good enough analysis as opposed to a bad enough one are explored through the ideas of Winnicott and Neumann.     

The transcendent function in Spitteler’s Prometheus and Epimetheus

In August 2020, John Beebe and Steve Myers met via Zoom to discuss their differing interpretations of psychological typology and the different sources within Jung’s writings that influenced their books: Integrity in Depth: Energies and Patterns in Psychological Type (Beebe), and Myers-Briggs Typology vs Jungian Individuation (Myers). The discussion centred on Spitteler’s epic poem Prometheus und Epimetheus, which forms the basis of chapter V of Psychological Types. This is both the largest chapter and one of two chapters that Jung highlighted in the Argentine foreword as containing the essence of the book. Jung’s book is primarily about the transformation of personality rather than the categorization of people. Although it contains a critical psychology that deconstructs the nature of consciousness, that is only one half of the book and a stepping-stone to the other half, which is the reconciliation of opposites with particular emphasis on the relation of consciousness and the unconscious. Jung assumed that readers were already familiar with Prometheus und Epimetheus, an understanding of which sheds light on the nature of the transformation that Jung described – the development of a new attitude towards attitude itself.     

Kann Es Ein Argument Für Den Skeptizismus Geben? Das Epistemische Problem Der Irrtumsmöglichkeit

Summary  Is there any argument for scepticism? The epistemic problem of the possibility of error. Arguments for scepticism rest on the assumption that knowledge claims are fallible. For this reason the concept of knowledge appears to be questionable. Since it is necessary to distinguish doubts from possible doubts, the arguments for scepticism appear to be unconvincing. If we take it into account that we know something that is immune to doubt, we should draw the conclusion that, contrary to scepticism, knowledge claims have to be compatible with being fallible. Thus any knowledge claim is capable of being doubted.     

Chapter 6: Biblical Foundations for a Practical Theology of Aging

SUMMARY

This article reviews Biblical sources pertaining to the elderly, particularly the frail elderly. Founded on these sources, implications for elderly with Alzheimer's Disease and other forms of dementia are addressed through a personal perspective informed by writings of Christian mystics.     

Order,disorder, and the absolute: An experiment in dialogue

The first section of this dialogue is excerpted from an edited conversation between Sean Kelly and the late David Bohm, and focuses on the concepts of order, disorder, and the Absolute. The second section explores these concepts in greater depth, with Bohm maintaining the impossibility of absolute knowledge and the fundamental unintelligibility of the concept of disorder, preferring instead to speak of “orders of infinite degree” which emerge out of an “unknown ground.” Kelly responds by proposing the concept of “absolute knowing” as the cognitive process within which the concepts of order and disorder, the known and the Unknown are seen as dialectically related moments of the Absolute as complex whole. The third section is Edgar Morin's response to the preceding dialogue. He begins by outlining his views on the nature and limits of rationality, maintaining, with Bohm, the superiority of the “negative modality” of speaking about “being” or “reality.” In the second part, however, he proposes the notion of nature as “chaosmos,” which he understands as a creative “dialogic” of order, disorder, and organization.     

Countering Cultural Metaphors of Aging

SUMMARY

This article examines three clusters of metaphors or cultural images of aging which function to marginalize older adults: metaphors which focus on aging as physical decline, on aging as aesthetic distance from youth, and on aging as failure of productivity. It then sketches out two ways to counter the marginalizing power of these cultural images of aging, to shape new metaphors or images of aging within a community of meaning, and to help make new sense of growing old, namely the formation of face-to-face groups of older adults and the creation of rituals in worship which name publicly the realities and experiences of aging.