荀子"进则近尽,退则节求"的理欲观

荀子全面地批判和继承了先秦思想家的理欲观,建立了以其宇宙观、人性论为基础的"进则近尽,退则节求","以道制欲"的,充满了辩证意识的理欲观.荀子的理欲观是先秦理欲观发展的顶峰,其中诸多有价值的东西于今仍有重要的理论意义和实践意义.     

试论陈致虚的道教易学思想

本文主要分析了陈致虚道教易学的内丹学思想的理论特色。陈致虚以《周易》之理来建构其内丹学的思想体系,提出了“易只阴阳两件物事”、“易之道道数也”、“易之道统乎天心”等三条道教内丹学的原则。认为道教内丹修炼是法天地阴阳造化生生之理而进行的,天地造化就是太极或道的展开过程,修道即是要回复到道本身。而天地造化之功不离阴阳两件物事,所以,内丹修炼不离阴阳。“阴阳”为道之纲纪,向道复归的路径为“逆”,“天心”即天地造化生生的节度和有序性,内丹修炼通过调和“阴阳”,以“逆”的方式法“天心”而施功,便能参赞天地之化育,以论还丹。陈致虚通过“援易入道”,在对本体之道的理解、修持的原理、证道的方法等内丹学的重要理论问题上作出了具有特色的阐述,为宋元时期成熟的道教内丹学的理论体系的建立作出了贡献。     

《荀子·乐论》的音乐伦理思想体系探赜

《荀子·乐论》是集中体现荀子音乐思想特别是其音乐伦理思想的专论.荀子的音乐伦理思想深刻体现了儒家乐教思想,并以其完备的系统性构建起儒家乐教的音乐伦理思想体系架构,其主要包括"乐者乐也"的音乐本质论、"乐尚和正"的音乐审美观、"礼乐统管"的社会综治说、"移风易俗"的音乐教化论、"以道制欲"的艺术修养观.《荀子·乐论》是对先秦时期儒家音乐思想特别是音乐伦理思想的集大成,奠定了中国封建社会音乐伦理思想的主基调,在中国传统音乐伦理思想史上具有承上启下、继往开来的重要作用.     

荀子思想的黄老意

黄老学是战国中后期主流思想流派,它"因阴阳之大顺,采儒、墨之善,摄名、法之要",对先秦百家思想进行了理性的总结,提炼出"隆礼重法"的治道精神以"一天下"。作为三为稷下学宫祭酒的荀子深受黄老学思想的影响:在本体论上以"道"为基,衍化"天""气""性""礼""法";在认识论上以"虚壹而静"为方法,"解蔽"心灵,以加深对"道""礼""法"的认识;在方法论上以"道治"为基础,衍化出"道法""礼法"等治道精神,并在此基础上提炼出"隆礼重法""德主法辅"的治道精神。认识到荀子思想的黄老意,有利于澄清学界对其思想的误读,了断学术纷争,提高对其思想利用的精准度和效率,于现代"依法治国"与"以德治国"相结合的治理模式有一定启示意义。     

试论荀子“以气释性”的思想逻辑

荀子人性论在先秦儒家别具一格。荀子以为,人性是天所赋予的,人性即天性。天性是一种材质,它含有气。具体地说,人身上天生含善恶两气,然而,荀子仅将致恶之气视为性,或者说,气具有质的属性,以恶气为性,这便是性恶说的秘密。为了疏导人性之气,避免邪恶的萌发,荀子便提出乐教。乐教就是通过同气相感的原理,以艺术之乐陶冶人的性情,以高雅之乐激发人身上的正气,抵制淫荡之乐诱发人身上的邪气,恰当地疏导和宣泄人的情感,从而使得人性符合礼义之道。所以说,教化也就成为荀子哲学的基本问题。     

荀子生命观探析——兼论对孔子、老庄的批判融通

荀子的生命观汲取道家及孔孟等先秦哲学家的思想,尊重生命的自然欲望、自然冲动;在价值层面更追求道义上的责任、精神上的超脱;否定了鬼神的存在而实现对死亡的超越.天、性、心的自然性决定了人之生命的本真;义、辨、群的本质决定了人之生命的向善;鬼、怪、神之消失奠定了生命的美感.荀子的生命观是先秦儒道生死观的批判性总结.     

荀子论圣王与政治性秩序之实现

荀子将政治秩序之实现诉诸于集道德权威与政治权力于一体的圣王并尊崇之,其间原因既有迫于"今圣王没,天下乱"的现实需要,也有出于其"人之性恶"的理论逻辑的必然。荀子第一次完整而系统地为我们构想了一幅人类生存中"争则乱,乱则穷"的"自然状态"的图景,并认为摆脱"自然状态"、实现政治性秩序的唯一途径,必须诉诸于真正的德位一体的圣王。在因何而必须要秩序、由谁来建立秩序、又如何来建立秩序等问题上,荀子为我们呈现出了系统而条贯的思考。     

荀子“性恶”论辨正

荀子所言的"性"和"恶"都有其自身特殊的含义,"性"是指人的自然生理欲求与反应以及心表现出来的天生的"知"与"能","恶"是指人的行为或社会秩序不符合礼义之道而表现出"偏险悖乱"的状态.在此基础上,荀子认为心生而不具有礼义之道,故不能以礼义作为思虑的标准,因此心的认知常常表现为偏执之蔽,进而在面时情欲时亦无法做出正确的判断和选择,最终做出"偏险悖乱"的行为而成恶了.所以,荀子所谓的"性恶"是指作为"性"之心由于生而不具有礼义,且亦不能认知礼义之道而易导致事实上的非礼义的"偏险悖乱"的状态.     

《太一生水》札记

本文是在对简文笺注的基础上所作研究札记,讨论了三个问题：１．指出先秦只作 “大”不作“大”。大、一析言之皆为道体之名,“大一”作为同义复词,郎道之名号。“大一”又与“小一” 相对成文。“大以成大,小以成小”,“其大无外,其小无内”,应是老子关尹“太一”学说的重要内容。 ２．《太一生水》有天地生神明,神明生阴阳的叙述,今存《■冠子》其《泰鸿》等篇所论“神明”,颇与简文 合拍。“神明”作为源于道、生于天地的精气,在万物形成的过程中起着通合万类的作用。严遵《老子 指归》对“神明”说有重要发展。３．《太一生水》并不具备水是天地万物本原的观念。简文之“水”乃大 虚之水,天地之包幕,太一之津液,为由无而有的过渡准备了环境和条件,战国以来形成了浑天说,与 道家思想关系密切。以浑天说观之,太一所生之水,当为天表之水。太一隐于其中,以时环周而行, 故能生天成地,变化阴阳万物,终而复始。     

先秦儒家的"人禽之辨"

"人禽之辨"是先秦儒家为传统礼乐文明存续作合法性辩护时提出的重要命题,它集中体现了儒家在"人的价值发现"问题上的思想成果。荀子从性恶论出发,揭示了人类理性即"辨"是人禽之别的内在根据;孟子以性善论为基础,发现了人类具有超出动物"类性之仁"局限性的独特价值,确立了一种由"辨"而"合"的人禽关系模式。     

自伤青少年的冲动性

以自我报告、行为学和脑电为指标, 检验自伤青少年的冲动性。研究1, 对820名普通中学生和72名工读生进行问卷调查, 探讨自伤行为与情绪调节困难、冲动性的关系。结果表明, 冲动性能够预测自伤行为, 且预测效应量大于情绪调节困难。研究2, 采用Go/Nogo范式的ERPs实验, 检验自伤组与对照组冲动控制的行为学与脑电差异。结果表明, 自伤组Nogo正确反应的N2波幅显著高于对照组, N2潜伏期在部分电极点处高于对照组。脑电地形图显示两者的脑电差异主要体现在前额叶区。结论：自伤青少年的冲动性高于同龄普通青少年。     

Certification in Testing in Canada

This article presents a brief outline of a program developed by the Canada Employment and Immigration Commission (CEIC) for certifying employment counselors to use tests in Canada Employment Centres (CECs).     

儿童Graves'病研究进展

Grave's病(GD)是导致儿童甲亢最常见的病因,其易感性80%决定于基因因素.ATD治疗是最常推荐的初始治疗手段,但长期缓解率仅为30%.ATD诱导儿童GD缓解的合适用药时间尚不明确.最佳治疗方式(ATD、RAI或手术)的选择还存在重大争议.药物治疗复发的预测非常重要,最近建立了一种复发风险评分,通过种族、年龄、诊断时FT4、TRAb水平、ATD预期治疗持续时间将GD儿童分成低中高三类风险人群,对其复发风险作出评估,对于确定GD儿童在初始治疗时选择何种方案更为适合意义重大.     

Sex differences in relational aggression in preschool children in Iran

The purpose of this study was to compare scores on a Relational Aggression Questionnaire for preschool boys and girls in Iran. The questionnaire was developed here, and its reliability and validity were assessed. Teachers' reports of relational aggression in 258 children ages 3 to 7 years was studied. Sex differences in relational aggression were not observed and was not significantly different across age groups.     

Occupational Stress in Workers and Managers in Steelworks in China

Occupational stressors and strains of 121 Chinese steelwork employees and 122 managers were measured using the Chinese version of the Occupational Stress Indicator (OSI). It was found that factors intrinsic to the job, Type A behavior, logic, and organizational structure and climate were the main predictors of mental ill-health and physical ill-health in managers. Organizational structure and climate and relationships with other people were important predictors for workers. Management processes and organizational forces were the strongest predicting factors of job satisfaction in both samples. On certain OSI scales and subscales, managers scored statistically higher than workers. It is proposed that these results reflect the enormous economic and social changes currently taking place in China, together with certain features inherent in Chinese organizational and managerial processes.     

Hemifacial differences in the in‐group advantage in emotion recognition

Some researchers have interpreted findings of in‐group advantage in emotion judgements as ethnic bias by perceivers. This study is the first linking in‐group advantage to subtle differences in emotional expressions, using composites created with left and right facial hemispheres. Participants from the USA, India, and Japan judged facial expressions from all three cultures. As predicted, in‐group advantage was greater for left than right hemifacial composites. Left composites were not universally more recognisable, but relatively more recognisable to in‐group members only. There was greater pancultural agreement about the recognition levels of right hemifacial composites. This suggests the left facial hemisphere uses an expressive style less universal and more culturally specific than the right, and that bias alone does not cause the in‐group advantage.     

Changes in Sexual Orientation and Object Choice in Midlife in Women

Changes in sexual orientation or object choice in midlife can represent many different dynamics. Understanding these involves recognition of the psychological developmental issues of this period, such as changes in self concept, identity, the awareness of time, and changes in expectations and goals, such as the wish to create a family. Other needs, for intimacy and emotional richness, or the revival of wishes for closer ties to one's mother, can then become dominant and be expressed sexually. Earlier, more conventional choices can be abandoned, particularly after children are born. For some women an early homosexual relationship is replaced temporarily or permanently by a heterosexual one. This can represent permission to move outside the world of women, or a wish for a family and children. Fluidity of choice may be more characteristic for women than men and may be related to characteristics of the female body.     

Ethics in Research in Mathematics Education

Most scientific domains have guidelines concerning ethics in research. These guidelines are designed to enable researchers to conduct good research while avoiding potential harm to research participants. This paper examines the bases for ethical codes in research and discusses how these codes are operationalized in research conducted in the field of mathematics education.