姜黄素抗胃癌的研究进展

姜黄素(curcumin)是从中药姜黄根茎中提取的一种植物多酚,多个研究表明姜黄素对胃癌等多种肿瘤具有较强的抑制作用,其抗胃癌的主要机制包括直接抑制增殖和侵袭、诱导凋亡、克服耐药、化疗增敏和抗幽门螺杆菌感染等作用,目前姜黄素的抗胃癌的作用已日益引起重视,成为肿瘤防治的一个研究热点,但姜黄素对胃癌作用的研究主要为体外实验,药物在体内的作用及药物动力学尚待进一步研究,以明确其体内作用的前景,从而深入挖掘其抗胃癌作用。     

应激对中国地鼠糖尿病发生的影响

研究实验性应激、情绪性、笼架水平在中国地鼠糖尿病发生中的作用强度及其交互作用,以确定中国地鼠糖尿病发生危险因素。结果表明实验性应激(震动、旋转合并限制)能促使中国地鼠血糖水平显著升高,糖尿病发病率增加,发病年龄提前;高情绪性中国地鼠,随着实验时间延长,其发病率也逐渐升高,并稳定在一定水平;析因方差分析提示,实验性应激与动物情绪性的交互作用对实验后中国地鼠的血糖变化起主要作用。     

保护胰岛移植物的基因治疗策略

胰岛移植是一种有望治愈糖尿病的方法,但胰岛进入体内后,由于排斥反应和其他刺激因素而使大量胰岛遭破坏,因此,减少胰岛破坏对保证移植成功非常重要。作为细胞移植物的胰岛非常适合在体外进行基因修饰,移植前对胰岛进行基因治疗以减轻局部免疫反应或增强胰岛细胞抗凋亡能力是一种极具吸引力的方法。基因转移载体及靶基因的选择是基因治疗中的关键策略。     

老年糖尿病社会心理问题分析

老年糖尿病社会心理问题分析大连市友谊医院（１１６００１）张帆,李洁糖尿病是老年人的一个重要的健康问题,大量调查表明老年人糖尿病患病率高,约３倍于总人口中的患病率,常不能及时诊治,预后严重。研究发现糖尿病社会心理因素作用的证据有：人格因素、社会心理因素...     

保护胰岛移植物的基因治疗策略

胰岛移植是一种有望治愈糖尿病的方法,但胰岛进入体内后,由于排斥反应和其他刺激因素而使大量胰岛遭破坏,因此,减少胰岛破坏对保证移植成功非常重要.作为细胞移植物的胰岛非常适合在体外进行基因修饰,移植前对胰岛进行基因治疗以减轻局部免疫反应或增强胰岛细胞抗凋亡能力是一种极具吸引力的方法.基因转移载体及靶基因的选择是基因治疗中的关键策略.     

胰岛细胞再生研究的临床应用前景

胰岛细胞再生是治愈1型糖尿病和胰岛β细胞功能丧失的2型糖尿病的根本途径。体外再生和体内再生两种策略都是通过将干细胞或其他类型体细胞分化或转化为胰岛细胞后发挥胰岛素分泌功能,从而治疗糖尿病。基础研究显示,两者存在着各自的优势和面临的问题。胰岛细胞再生治疗的临床应用前景尚需要进一步加以考证。     

DGAVP易化记忆巩固过程与脑内蛋白质合成关系的探讨

本实验研究了脱甘氨酰胺精氨酸加压素(DGAVP)易化记忆巩固过程的作用,证明DGAVP能够防止蛋白质合成抑制剂茴香霉素(ANI)对记忆的破坏作用,并从突触体水平上探讨了DGAVP的作用与蛋白质合成的关系。 实验结果表明:(1)在复杂迷宫趋食反应中,DGAVP能够增强小鼠对觅食路径的记忆。(2)ANI破坏小鼠的记忆,而预先给予DGAVP则能防止ANI的破坏作用;在一次性被动回避反应中ANI和DGAVP的作用与迷宫实验的结果一致。(3)ANI抑制究触体对蛋白质合成前体亮氨酸的摄取,作用非常显著。DGAVP能够改善ANI的抑制效应,体外和体内的实验结果完全一致。实验结果提示DGAVP的作用机制与蛋白质合成有一定关系。     

糖尿病与乳腺癌关系研究进展

近年来随着生活水平的提高,饮食结构的改变,糖尿病的发病率不断升高,其并发症严重危害人们的健康.对于女性来说,乳腺癌发病率已上升为危害女性健康的首位恶性肿瘤,给女性带来了严重的心理压力.糖尿病与癌症相关性研究逐渐引起重视.有研究表明,糖尿病会增加乳腺癌的发病率,但也有研究表明二者之间的关系存在争议,所以需要进一步的流行病学调查研究.本文对近年来关于糖尿病与乳腺癌关系的流行病学调查以及糖尿病与乳腺癌之间可能的作用机制作一综述.     

胰岛细胞再生研究的临床应用前景

胰岛细胞再生是治愈1型糖尿病和胰岛β细胞功能丧失的2型糖尿病的根本途径.体外再生和体内再生两种策略都是通过将干细胞或其他类型体细胞分化或转化为胰岛细胞后发挥胰岛素分泌功能,从而治疗糖尿病.基础研究显示,两者存在着各自的优势和面临的问题.胰岛细胞再生治疗的临床应用前景尚需要进一步加以考证.     

热休克蛋白与先天性畸形的关系及其哲学思考

从细菌到人类 ,当细胞受到热应激时可激发热休克反应 (Ｈｅａｔｓｈｏｃｋｒｅｓｐｏｎｓｅ) ,也称为应激反应 ,诱导产生一组高度保守、具有重要生理功能的蛋白质分子家族 ,称为热休克蛋白 (Ｈｅａｔｓｈｏｃｋｐｒｏｔｅｉｎｓ ,ＨＳＰｓ) ,已知有 5大ＨＳＰｓ家族 :ＨＳＰ110、ＨＳＰ90、ＨＳＰ70、ＨＳＰ6 0及小分子量ＨＳＰ家族[1] 。1　ＨＳＰｓ干扰胚胎发育先天性畸形是由于胚胎发育紊乱而出现的形态结构异常。大量的体内 /体外实验表明 ,高温等各种致畸原可诱导多种动物发生先天性畸形 ,如神经管未闭、小脑、露脑、小眼等[2 ] 。畸形…     

The relationship of diabetes knowledge to regimen compliance and metabolic control during pregnancy

Abstract

The relationship of diabetes knowledge to regimen compliance and metabolic control was examined in a sample of pregnant women with preexisting insulin-dependent and noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (N = 27) and women who developed gestational diabetes during pregnancy (N = 45). Subjects completed self-report measures of diabetes knowledge and compliance with their diabetic regimen and blood glucose levels were monitored. Knowledge was positively, although modestly, related to dietary compliance, compliance with insulin administration and insulin reaction management recommendations, as well as fasting blood glucose levels. Findings suggest that among pregnant women, efforts to increase knowledge of diabetes specific to pregnancy may result in some improvement in selected aspects of the diabetic regimen.     

Reprint of: 'Brain insulin signaling: A key component of cognitive processes and a potential basis for cognitive impairment in type 2 diabetes'

Understanding of the role of insulin in the brain has gradually expanded, from initial conceptions of the brain as insulin-insensitive through identification of a role in regulation of feeding, to recent demonstration of insulin as a key component of hippocampal memory processes. Conversely, systemic insulin resistance such as that seen in type 2 diabetes is associated with a range of cognitive and neural deficits. Here we review the evidence for insulin as a cognitive and neural modulator, including potential effector mechanisms, and examine the impact that type 2 diabetes has on these mechanisms in order to identify likely bases for the cognitive impairments seen in type 2 diabetic patients.     

Brain insulin signaling: a key component of cognitive processes and a potential basis for cognitive impairment in type 2 diabetes

Understanding of the role of insulin in the brain has gradually expanded, from initial conceptions of the brain as insulin-insensitive through identification of a role in regulation of feeding, to recent demonstration of insulin as a key component of hippocampal memory processes. Conversely, systemic insulin resistance such as that seen in type 2 diabetes is associated with a range of cognitive and neural deficits. Here we review the evidence for insulin as a cognitive and neural modulator, including potential effector mechanisms, and examine the impact that type 2 diabetes has on these mechanisms in order to identify likely bases for the cognitive impairments seen in type 2 diabetic patients.     

糖尿病的免疫抑制治疗

淡化糖尿病的分型为我们提供了一个全新的思维空间。即传统的1型和至少部分2型糖尿病可能都是一种自身免疫性疾病,而目前流行的炎症学说可能是对认可免疫损伤是糖尿病发病理论的一个过渡,我们应该重新审视糖尿病的早期治疗和研究其慢性并发症的发病机理。我们则采用小别量、长时间的治疗理念,早期接受这种免疫治疗的患者出现低血糖的症状,遂减少胰岛素的剂量;再次出现低血糖,我们就继续减少胰岛素的剂量。结果,有部分患者完全摆脱了胰岛素。我们对糖尿病的再认识是建立在对多脏器活检的基础之上。我们的活检结果表明,糖尿病肾病存在着免疫损伤。糖尿病眼底病变是使患者致盲的主要病因,糖尿病患者的眼底病变是一种自身免疫损伤的结果。我们尝试用小剂量的免疫抑制剂环孢菌素A（25mgbid）治疗糖尿病眼底出血,取得了不错的疗效,也证实糖尿病眼底病变是一种血管炎,与自身免疫病变有关。其他的器官还包括垂体、大脑的血管、糖尿病足、冠心病、皮肤的病变和肌肉活检的免疫组化也均有证据表明,免疫损伤是导致多种慢性并发症的罪魁祸首,是一种多器官免疫损伤的结果无论是1型糖尿病,还是2型糖尿病,肌细胞表面或多或少均有免疫复合物沉积。这些免疫复合物的存在势必会影响胰岛素与肌肉细胞表面的胰岛素受体结合,即胰岛素抵抗的存在。为此,我们在临床上广泛采用了免疫抑制治疗的理念治疗糖尿病。应用小剂量胰岛素和小剂量环孢素A治疗早期发现的糖尿病取得了不错的疗效。唯一担心的副作用发生在肝脏,即部分糖尿病患者会出现总胆红素升高,而也有一部分患者总胆红素不升高。     

脂联素基因多态性与原发性高血压研究进展

脂联素是脂肪细胞特异性细胞因子,与糖、脂代谢、胰岛素抵抗密切相关,具有抗炎、抗动脉粥样硬化特性。脂联素基因序列中存在相当数量的等位基因单核苷酸多态性（SNPs）,＋45T／G、＋164I／T和＋276G／TSNPs发生频率在原发性高血压（EH）中增高,直接影响脂联素血浆浓度。脂联素基因SNPs是EH的一个新易感因素。     

Development of the Diabetes Self-Care Efficacy Scale

The present study elaborates the conceptualization and process of development of a scale for assessing diabetes self-care efficacy (DSCE) in patients of diabetes, type 1 and type 2. Health maintenance in chronic illness as diabetes is dependent on performing several key self-care behaviours. The present study discusses two parts—Part I elaborates the qualitative exploration of the research construct through semi-structured interview of diabetic patients. It included 25 diabetic patients, Type-I (n?=?5) and Type-II (n?=?20). Part II discusses the quantitative research methods. The sample consisted of 233 diabetic patients, Type-1 (n?=?39) and Type-2 (n?=?194), who were randomly selected from diabetes and endocrine outpatient department (OPD) of a hospital in, Kolkata, India. Following an exploratory approach employing Principal Component Analysis (PCA), three components were yielded that accounted for approximately 60% of explained variance. Cronbach’s alpha was established at 0.89 indicating satisfactory internal reliability. The components were identified as component 1, “Beliefs about physical exercise regimen” (BPE), component 2, “Beliefs about food and insulin administration and medication recommendations” (FMR) and component 3, “Beliefs about learning and following from others” (LFO). To test the obtained factor structure of the proposed DSCE scale, a confirmatory analysis was performed to help validate the 3-factor, 15-item DSCE scale. The scale is first one of its kind to be proposed and developed in an Indian diabetes context and can prove useful in other settings. Study findings have implications for use in hospital setup and for development of intervention programs in dealing with diabetes patient population.     

从2型糖尿病的发病机制谈糖尿病治疗的新策略

2型糖尿病的发病机制主要为胰岛素抵抗与胰岛β细胞分泌功能受损,二者相互依存、相互作用。2型糖尿病的治疗应以减轻胰岛素的抵抗和保护胰岛β细胞为主,以生活方式干预加二甲双胍作为基础治疗,根据不同个体在不同阶段所侧重的不同发病机制,采用联合、综合管理。     

Blood glucose monitoring by diabetic adolescents: compliance and metabolic control

Self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) is used in the management of diabetes to guide insulin and diet adjustments. However, SMBG has not achieved its potential impact on diabetic control, perhaps due to poor compliance. Research on SMBG compliance interventions has been hampered by a lack of reliable and practical methods of behavioral assessment. The appearance of reflectance meters with memory permits precise, yet efficient, measurement of SMBG behaviors, allowing more effective interventions. This study evaluated a behavioral contract for SMBG compliance among diabetic adolescents, using reflectance meters with memory to assess the target behavior. Thirty patients were randomized to either meter-alone or meter-plus-contract conditions; an additional 12 patients served in a conventional-therapy control group. Compliance for the meter-alone group declined sharply during the 16-week intervention, whereas it remained at or above baseline levels for the meter-plus-contract group. Despite the large between-groups differences in SMBG frequency, both groups showed equal, moderate improvement in measures of diabetic control, suggesting that SMBG frequency had little impact on health status in this sample. There were no intervention-specific effects on overall diabetes compliance or patient or parent adjustment to diabetes. Few of the measured patient characteristics were significant predictors of treatment response. Further research into maximizing the therapeutic impact of SMBG is needed.     

这一次沃森的“猜想”对吗？——糖尿病是一种氧化还原性疾病

2型糖尿病发病机制的氧化应激学说被广泛地接受,可是大量的证据表明,服用抗氧化剂并不能增加胰岛素的敏感性,相反,体育锻炼能够增加氧化应激,却是治疗糖尿病的首选方案。分子机制的研究也表明,细胞内氧化应激不足时,会导致内质网无法合成二硫键,导致胰岛素生成不足。由此沃森推测,糖尿病是由于氧化应激不足所致。同理,氧化应激不足可能也是阿尔茨海默病、肿瘤等疾病的发病机制之一。沃森的呼声让现在普遍认为氧化应激有害理论的人们开始重新审视氧化应激在机体中的有益作用。     

控制糖尿病的新观念和基本方略之管见

跟踪糖尿病发展趋势、吸收新理论和新技术、做好科普宣传、推行超强化治疗、坚持医学理性精神是控制糖尿病的新观念.其基本方略就是超强化治疗、控制高血压,拮抗新生2型糖尿病及其并发症、控制相关危险因素.