《列子》自然观初探

《列子》一书与《老子》、《庄子》并列为道家的三部经典。唐天宝元年 (74 2年 ) ,唐玄宗下旨置“玄学博士” ,并以四部道家著作作为必修的科目 ,士人习之可以应试科举。其中一部《冲虚真经》(宋朝时又加上“至德”二字 ,称为《冲虚至德真经》) ,便是称为列御寇所撰的《列子》。《列子》一书的真伪是我国学术史聚讼千载的一大公案。现在 ,它的伪书性质已成为学界公论 ,一般认为它主要成书于魏晋之际① 。《列子》的思想比较复杂 ,又因为它是伪书 ,所以一直没有受到学术界的足够重视 ② 。但《列子》一书有丰富的自然观的内容 ,代表着我国古…     

《列子》是早期的道家黄老学著作——兼论稷下黄老学之兴起高潮

过去被认为是伪书的《列子》。经近人研究并非伪出,作者赞同这一观点。证之以刘向《列子序录》,《列子》实为道家黄老学的早期著作。《列子》一书有九处言及“黄帝书”“黄帝曰”或黄帝事,大体皆托黄论道或托黄解老,其道家性质可以确定。逮至稷下学宫,其黄老学派传承《列子》,可证《列子》为稷下黄老之先导,而战国中期的田齐变法,为黄老学的传播掀起了高潮     

《海东传道录》和《青鹤集》所述韩国道教传道谱系考辨

《海东传道录》和《青鹤集》记录了韩国道教的传道谱系。作为史实,两个传道谱系均不可信。《海东传道录》的传道谱系反映了韩国内丹修炼派希望发扬光大道教的意愿;《青鹤集》的传道谱系则表现出一种强烈的民族主义文化心态。     

论道教义理与《列子》

自唐代柳宗元作《辨列子》,对今存《列子》出于战国表示质疑后,学术界颇多随合以为非真本,认为乃后人附益之作,且增窜非实,殊多乖错。但是,道教素尊道家之言,不认为它“迂诞恢诡”,而认为它默察造化消息之运,发扬黄老之幽隐,简劲宏妙,辞旨纵横,奉之为圭臬。因此撰作道书,多所融摄,成为道教义理不可分之部分。 (一)宇宙生成论方面: 《列子》中的《天瑞篇》、《汤问篇》、《周穆王篇》均较为集中地谈到了对宇宙自然的认识,关于它的生成、演变、状态、未来等等。如《天瑞篇》论宇宙本原曰:“有生不生,有化不化。不生者能生生,不化者能化化。生者不能不生,化者不能不化,故常生常化。常生常化者,无时不生,无时不化,阴阳尔,四时尔。不生者疑独,不化者往复,其     

《家语证伪·王肃后序》辨误

王肃后序是个伪标题,内容既非后序,更非王肃所作。孔子第十三代后裔(或称十二世孙)孔安国作《孔氏家语叙录》,十五代孔衍作《上汉成帝书》,清人范家相却说这两篇全是王肃之伪作,目之为王肃后序。范氏挑剔十余处,竭力证伪。其实,孔安国、孔衍的文章都有所本,相关史实在《史记·高祖本纪》、《高祖功臣侯者年表》中皆有记录。范氏利用《孔子世家》尾段载录世系之阙讹,对孔安国叙录、孔衍奏言展开批判,弃本逐末,以假乱真,不能成立。本文题曰辨误,意在辨范氏《证伪》之误,证《王肃后序》标题之伪。     

“伪书”辨正与典籍新识——黄怀信《汉晋孔氏家学与“伪书”公案》评介

<正>由黄怀信先生主著、其数位学生参与的《汉晋孔氏家学与"伪书"公案》一书,是一部以汉晋时期的孔氏家学为切入点,对相关"伪书"问题进行反思、辨证的新著。该书是此项国家社科基金项目的最终成果,列入厦门大学国学研究院资助出版丛书,并于2011年4月由厦门大学出版社出版发行。在近代"古史辨"运动中,《周易》、古文     

论《列子注》与张湛思想

关于张湛的思想和《列子注》,流行的观点是：张湛的《列子注》是魏晋玄学的第四个发展阶段和终结者,张湛哲学的主要目的是解决个人的生死解脱问题,他企图把王弼的贵无论与郭象的自生论结合起来,把魏晋玄学关于本未有无的本体论与汉代的元气宇宙构成论结合起来,结果造成自身体系的混乱和庞杂。笔者认为：虽然《列子注》中有一些张湛的思想,但是,《列子注》的绝大部分内容都不是张湛的思想,而是《列子》本文的思想。张湛注《列子》的目的仅仅是解释《列子》的文本意思,并不是在阐述自己的思想。一、张湛的注释目的是解释《列子》的思…     

《周易》新证

《周易》卦、爻辞以形象示人,占卦的人目击这些形象,和他所卜问的事发生联想,用来判断事情的祸福吉凶。这些形象,又是用奇古的语言文字表述的。我们要读懂这些文字确是很困难,因之形成了经学家们“言人人殊’’的现象。然而,这只是问题的一面;还有另外的、更为重要的一面,就是对《周易》这部古经的研究,不能简单的、如“乾嘉学派”所标榜的“以经还经”、“以经解经”。《周     

庄子与《列子》生命观异同论

论及生命意识, 不能不同时想到庄子与《列子》。这是因为庄子和《列子》的生命观表面上看来比较相似, 二者都是重生派, 即把个体生命自身的意义看得高于一切, 因而与儒家重人生的社会意义的生命观划然有别; 而且二者都重视养生, 凿凿有言。但实际上, 庄子的生命观与《列子》的生命观有重要的不同: 庄子可称为养生派, 而《列子》则属于厚生派。一《列子》对生命的论述集中在《杨朱》一篇, 在《天瑞》、《力命》等篇也有论及。《列子》同庄子一样对死亡作一种唯物的观照, 认为死是命定的自然规律, 人不可抗拒。庄子一方面说: “死生亦大矣” (…     

子思与《易》关系新证

子思与《易》有关。对易学"卜筮"知识、《周易》古经和《易传》,子思都学习而熟知。更值得注意的是,子思作《易》,其著作即帛书《衷》篇。在孔子之后的先秦儒家"中道"思想传承中,子思最能体会"中道"在孔子思想体系中的重要地位,故一方面从形而上层面阐发"中道",而作《中庸》;另一方面在孔子所开创的经学易学上,凸显孔子所"观"、所新诠的易学"中道",专门辑录孔子有关"中道"的论述,而作《衷》篇。子思在先秦儒家易学传承中应有重要的地位。     

Letters of Gratitude: Further Evidence for Author Benefits

This study examined the effects of writing letters of gratitude on three primary qualities of well-being; happiness (positive affect), life-satisfaction (cognitive evaluation), and depression (negative affect). Gratitude was also assessed. Participants included 219 men and women who wrote three letters of gratitude over a 3 week period. A two-way mixed method ANOVA with a between factor (writers vs. non-writers) and within subject factor (time of testing) analysis was conducted. Results indicated that writing letters of gratitude increased participants’ happiness and life satisfaction, while decreasing depressive symptoms. The implications of this approach for intervention are discussed.     

Temporal Precision in Tapping and Circle Drawing Movements at Preferred Rates is Not Correlated: Further Evidence Against Timing as a General-Purpose Ability

Recently, researchers have discovered that individuals who are consistent timers in a tapping task are not necessarily consistent timers when they perform a continuous drawing task. In other words, nonsignificant correlations were found among tapping and drawing movements for timing precision (S. D. Robertson et al., 1999). In the present experiment, the authors investigated whether or not consistency in timing for tapping and drawing was correlated when participants (N = 24) were allowed to move at their preferred rate of movement. There were no significant correlations between tapping and drawing in terms of timing precision. That result lends further support to the notion that timing behavior is specific to the nature of the task, and thus further weakens the idea that timing is a generalized ability that can be imposed on a variety of different types of tasks.     

The Sequential Model of Future-Oriented Coping and Adjustment to University Life: The Role of Attitudes as Further Evidence

The Psychological Record - The objectives of the present study were to develop the University Life Implicit Association Test (IAT) and to explore the role of implicit and explicit attitudes in the...     

The Politicization of Migrants: Further Evidence that Politicized Collective Identity is a Dual Identity

The article examines the role of collective identification processes in the politicization of Russian migrants in Germany. Building on the assumption that politicized collective identity (PCI) is a dual identity, the authors predicted and found that dual identification as both Russian and German was positively related to politicization among members of the Russian minority in Germany. This relationship held up even when the influences of several sociodemographic variables, past political activity, and other forms of collective identification were statistically controlled. In addition, perceived maltreatment of Russian migrants in Germany moderated the relationship between dual identification and politicization in keeping with the theoretical assumption that the development of PCI presupposes high awareness of shared grievances. Finally, dual identification was unrelated to acceptance of political violence, but positively related to self‐restriction to peaceful political means. The constructive role of politicization driven by dual identification in social integration is discussed.     

Further Validation of a Need-based Quality-of-work-life (QWL) Measure: Evidence from Marketing Practitioners

This study further validates a need-based measure of quality of work life (QWL) developed by Sirgy et al. (Soc Indic Res 55:46–56, 2001). We conceptualized the QWL construct in terms of employee satisfaction with two sets of major needs: lower- and higher-order needs. Lower-order needs comprise health/safety needs and economic/family needs. Higher-order needs involve social needs, esteem needs, self-actualization needs, knowledge needs, and aesthetic needs. The results from a survey of marketing professionals largely supported the construct validity and predictive validity of the QWL measure. As expected, QWL has a positive influence on esprit de corps, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment among marketing managers. Managerial implications and directions for future research are also discussed.     

Implicit Theories of Personality: Further Evidence of Extreme Response Style

Five groups of 19 subjects made ratings on 11 personality trait scales of overlapping subsets of 59 artificial stimulus persons who were described by one to five personality trait adjectives. The data were analyzed per group of subjects (blockwise) and per type of stimulus person (questionnaire-wise) by means of three-mode principal component analyses. This yielded highly similar structures for the scales, and in the blockwise analyses, for the stimulus persons. This similarity was substantiated by external three-mode analyses, which showed that all stimulus persons can be mapped into one overall configuration. In all analyses it was found that differences between subjects consisted of differences in extremity of judgment, which suggests the operation of response style.     

Stimulus Comparison and Perceptual Learning: Further Evidence and Evaluation from an Imprinting Procedure

Two experiments used chicks to investigate the role of stimulus comparison in perceptual learning. In Experiment 1, chicks received exposure to two views of a jungle fowl, SV (side view) and BV (back view), intermixed within a session (mixed exposure), exposure to SV in one session and BV in a different session (separate exposure), or no exposure to either view. All chicks then received a heat-reinforced discrimination with SV and BV serving as discriminanda. Chicks given mixed exposure acquired the discrimination more readily than did either those given separate exposure or those given no exposure. In Experiment 2, all chicks received mixed exposure to the two stimuli. For one group the interval between presentations of the stimuli was short (short-mixed), for the other group it was long (long-mixed). Subjects in the long-mixed condition acquired the heat-reinforced discrimination more rapidly than those in the short-mixed condition. These results suggest that the intermixed nature of stimulus exposure is an important determinant of the magnitude of perceptual learning effects.     

In Retrospect: Reflections on a Psychoanalytic Career

This account of the author's psychoanalytic education and the subsequent evolution of his theoretical and technical beliefs emphasizes his sustained attachment to classical Freudian principles. The refinement of his views consequent to his close friendship and collaboration with Charles Brenner is described. In recent years, his study of the work of certain colleagues who are exponents of other psychoanalytic points of view has resulted in some modulation of his technical stance, without altering his fundamental convictions about the nature of the psychoanalytic enterprise.