认知神经研究中的积极共情

积极共情指个体对他人积极情绪状态的理解和间接分享过程。虽然它与消极共情在产生过程中都依赖于镜像神经系统和心理理论系统的活动, 但是两者在产生难度上不同。对于积极共情情感如何在大脑中表征的, 不同的研究者观点各异：一些认为与消极共情一致, 都集中在脑岛及其相关脑区; 而另一些则认为是大脑的愉悦系统。关于积极共情影响因素的研究主要集中于共情主体和客体的关系方面。今后需要进一步了解积极共情在产生机制和情感表征上的特点, 拓展其影响因素的研究并展开对特质积极共情神经基础的探讨。

The cognitive neuroscience studies on positive empathy

Positive empathy is a process where positive emotions are vicariously understood and shared among individuals. Positive empathy is not significantly different from negative empathy, which also depends on the mirror nervous system and the theory-of-mind system, but they are different in terms of generation diffculty. However, opinions differ with regards to the cerebral representation of positive empathy: while some researchers think it is represented in insula and the related areas in the same way as negative empathy, others point to the reward system. Studies of the influencing factors of positive empathy have been focused on the relationship between the subject and object of empathy. Further studies are needed to explore the neural representation and regulation mechanism of positive empathy. It is also important to start the study of positive empathy as a psychological trait and to establish its neural basis.