明清民俗佛教现象探析——以粤东潮汕地区为中心

从"僧人的佛教"角度,以粤东潮汕地区为中心,说明明清以来佛教的寺院功能及其僧人角色、职志都发生了重大的变化,表现为以迎合、俯就民众的宗教意识、现实利益、愿望追求等为能事,从而使宋代以前尚维持的佛教寺院、僧团的独立性、超越性宗教品格最终丧失,而与中国民间思想观念、民间信仰、民间习俗混融合一,成其为名副其实的"民俗的"佛教。其典型的表现特征有三:一是寺祠不分家,兼祀三教诸神;二是僧人住持祠庙,模糊宗教角色;三是僧人兼做红白佛事等俗务。郑群辉,韩山师范学院中文系教授。     

宋代佛教僧人救灾活动及其原因简述

宋代灾害频发,虽然朝廷通过赈济、赈贷、赈粜等多种方式力求应对和解决灾害带来的各种问题,但也不能忽视各种社会群体在救灾中发挥的积极作用,特别是以“慈悲济世,无我利他”为信仰追求的佛教僧人,更是扮演着独特的重要角色。本文将以佛教僧人为切入点,概述宋代佛教僧人参与救灾的主要方式,并尝试探析其原因。     

于阗僧人法藏与兖州宋代金棺刍议

本文考证于阗僧人法藏入宋,应是使臣身份。于阗的战乱及亡国,促成法藏留居兖州。兴隆塔地宫出土的金棺纹样,包含了诸多于阗因素,是宋代佛教考古的重大发现。兴隆塔是中原人民与新疆人民友好交往的纪念碑式建筑。     

广州与古代僧人的海外往来

我国古代的对外活动中,通商贸易是一个主要的内容,另一个主要内容,则是佛教中僧人的往来海外,这两者构成了古代海外交通史的主要部分。古代对外交往中,僧人的活动占有相当大的比例。中外僧人或海路、或陆路,或求法、或弘法,往返于中国大陆与海外诸国之间,他们的动机或目的尽管是源于宗教信仰,但不管在客观上,还是在主观上都为古代中外经济、文化等方面的交流作出了贡献。同时,他们还留下了大量的文字记载。研究古代海交史,就不能不注意古代僧人的对外活动,不能不借鉴他们所留下的具有重要史料价值的记载。佛教起源     

佛教对中国语言的影响

佛教从古印度传入中国已有2000 多年的历史了,在漫长的发展过程中,佛教对中国文化产生了深远的影响。其中佛教对中国语言学的影响,主要表现在以下几个方面: 第一,一些佛教作品本身就是重要的语言学著作,如古代用来解释佛经音义的《一切经音义》、《续一切经音义》等。中国古代的《一切经音义》有两部,均成书于唐代。一部是初唐僧人玄应所撰,又称《玄应音义》,共25 卷,解释佛经音义,详注反切。另一部为中唐僧人慧琳所撰,又称《慧琳音义》或《大藏音义》,100卷,博引古代韵书、字书以解释佛经的音义,并录玄应、慧苑各家音义编纂而成。辽朝也是…     

宋代僧道数量考察

宋代僧道作为特殊身份的神职人员,在人口登记方面与平民不同,由祠部统计掌握,但也有"不系帐"的寺观和僧道在人口统计之外。宋代僧道群体庞大,确切数量最多时是中国古代史自唐代到元代数百年历史中的高峰。其数量的发展变化经历了三落三起:三个低谷为宋初、宋神宗、宋高宗绍兴中后期;三个高峰为宋真宗、宋徽宗、南宋中后期。宋代宗教神职人员的主体是佛教的僧尼,其中僧人居绝对多数的地位,社会影响最广泛;道教的女冠最少,影响微弱。     

中国化的佛教绘画艺术 以宋代画僧为中心的考察

中唐以后,随着中国化的佛教宗派——禅宗的影响逐渐扩大,"悦禅之风"不但在佛教僧人中广为盛行,在文人士大夫阶层也流传甚广。到了宋代,禅宗和净土宗更是成为当时佛教的主流宗派。在此阶段,佛教与中国传统的儒家、道教文化进一步融合,极大推进了佛教中国化的进程。     

“一带一路”视域下佛教音乐的传承与发展

<正>佛教音乐是古代丝绸之路文化传播的重要内容。一方面，丝路僧人将佛教音乐传入中国，逐步与中华传统文化融合，形成了独具特色的中国佛教音乐。另一方面，中国佛教音乐也成为古代丝绸之路上不同地域文化交流的纽带，是展现中华传统文化精神的平台。传承发展好佛教音乐，有助于“一带一路”建设。     

书法中的佛家文字

古往今来的书法作品中,有关佛家文字的作品占有很大的比重.具体来说,这类作品又可分作这样三类:一、佛教经典,二、塔铭院记,三、僧人碑传.这三类佛家文字是古代书法作品表现的重要内容,显示出书法艺术对佛教的发展也起过不可忽视的作用.先谈书写佛教经典的书法作品.从佛经的书写者来说,经生写经是最主要的力     

中国古代的定光佛信仰——兼论唐宋以来的民间"造佛运动"

唐末五代以至于宋,有不少僧人被视为定光佛在人间的“应身”或“化身”,甚至在同一时期、同一地区有不同的僧人都被视为“定光佛”。民间社会广为崇奉,连朝廷也予以承认并赐加封号。这种“人间佛”的出现是佛教发展中一个值得注意的现象,是隋唐以来民间持续的“造佛运动”的成果之一,是佛教进一步世俗化、民俗化的表现。     

Introduction to the Special Issue on the Role of Personality Assessment in Consulting to Organizations

This special issue aims to advance the integration of personality assessment across applied contexts. Personality assessment is an integral part of clinical and organizational case conceptualizations, intervention planning, and change efforts. Yet, as the present historical account will illustrate, the literatures in relation to personality assessment have developed rather independently. The articles in this special issue highlight the importance of organizational personality assessment as relates to how (a) academics vs. practitioners look at standards for test selection (Furnham), (b) the intended use of tests (selection vs. employee development) impacts the criteria used to establish assessment tool validity (Moyle & Hackston), (c) personality models developed in social and personality psychology can be applied in organizational contexts (Shorey & Chaffin), (d) assessments are modified to more accurately assess operational definitions of constructs (Belwalker & Tobacyk), (e) perception and knowledge about personality of others can be assessed as an ability (Mayer, Lortie, Panter & Caruso), and (f) performance-based techniques can be used in organizational personality assessment to curtail faking and socially desirable responding (Harms, Krasikova & Luthans). The present introduction highlights the important contributions of these articles, individually and as a body, in advancing the integration and application of personality assessment in organizational contexts.     

Kant on the Inapplicability of the Categories to Things in Themselves

This paper addresses the question of what we can legitimately say about things in themselves in Kant's critical doctrine. Many Kant scholars believe that Kant allows that things in themselves can be characterized through the unschematized or ‘pure’ concepts of our understanding such as ‘substance’ or ‘causality’. However, I show that on Kant's view things in themselves do not conform to the unschematized categories (given their standard discursive meaning): the pure categories, like space and time, are merely subjective forms of finite, discursive cognition. I then examine what this interpretation might entail for central aspects of Kant's system such as his doctrine of noumenal freedom.     

梁武帝天监三年发菩提心“舍道”真伪考辨

佛教文献记录的梁武帝天监三年发菩提心"舍道"一事,因时间、人物等衔接问题,引发诸多争议。本文从文献记载及流传情况着手,结合分析梁初佛、道二教之争,指出梁武帝天监三年发菩提心"舍道",是佛、道二教斗争的结果。     

Introduction to the Special Issue on Advances in the Psychology of Workplace Coaching

This article introduces a special issue of Applied Psychology: An International Review that focuses on recent advances in the psychology of workplace coaching. To begin with, we briefly describe the current state of workplace coaching research, and we then outline the aims and objectives that had driven our motivation in editing this special issue. We set out two objectives for this special issue. First, to ensure that each of the contributions started with the relevant theoretical framework, and secondly, that the papers in this special issue utilized rigorous research design and methodology. We then provide an overview of each of the five articles making up the special issue, detailing their respective contributions to advancing workplace coaching research and theory. We conclude with recommendations for future workplace coaching research, building on the contributions in this special issue. We propose scholars should focus on three key areas: future coaching research should adopt a “start with theory” approach; that rigorous research design and methodology is prioritized, specifically in relation to utilizing multiple data sources and increasing the range of objective (hard) data as coaching outcome measures; and for coaching scholars to pay attention to and explore non-significant effects.     

Spatial constraints on attention to speech in the blind

When sighted persons try to identify one of two speech utterances coming from different directions, they display both a frontal position advantage, i.e., better recognition of inputs from the front than of those from the rear, and a right-side advantage, better recognition of inputs from the right than of those from the left. The present study demonstrates a dissociation of the two effects in blind subjects (N = 10) who showed no frontal position advantage together with a right-side advantage superior to that of control sighted subjects (N = 16). There was no systematic difference between congenitally blind subjects and noncongenitals. The absence of frontal position advantage in the blind is consistent with the notion that this effect originates in the habit of sighted listeners to orient toward the source of heard speech. The occurrence of at least normal right-side advantage in the blind does not support recent suggestions of reduced lateralization of language functions in such subjects.