后现代主义与心理学中的社会治疗理论

后现代主义作为一种社会思潮对社会科学的方方面面都产生了很大的影响 ,掀起了一次社会科学的“后现代”转向。心理学中的社会心理治疗理论就是这种变化趋势的一个明显体现。以后现代的视角重塑了传统心理治疗理论 ,由以往对个体的过分关注转向了对广泛的文化、历史方面的关注。从而成为后现代思潮中影响重大的理论流派之一。1　后现代主义的特征后现代主义是 2 0世纪末西方具有重大影响的文化思潮。后现代思潮是对“现代”西方文化精神和价值取向的一次重要变革 ,是对现代的主流科学认识观的怀疑 ,特别是对长期主导自然科学和社会科学的实…     

从概念界定角度看控制感研究中的问题

在目前关于“控制感”的研究中,概念界定一直是困扰许多研究者的问题。研究从控制源、自我效能感两个概念出发,阐述控制感概念与两者之间存在区别,包含更多的内容,提出控制感概念界定可以从方向和强度上予以考虑,并将控制感定义为：个体相信自己能够影响事件地进行而获得所期望结果的程度,而且这种影响是由个体自己而非外界的因素来决定的。概念的清晰界定对于今后控制感的测量和理论发展有着较大的益处。     

网络自我表露的类型、功能及其影响因素

网络自我表露是自我表露在网络空间的延伸.本研究对网络自我表露提出整合性界定,并将其从形式、程度和表达方式三种角度予以分类.网络自我表露对个体存在积极和消极两方面的影响.网络自我表露的产生和发展受社会文化、网络环境、性别、年龄和个体心理等因素的影响.认知实验研究、影响因素的深入探讨、新兴网络媒体的自我表露现象、跨文化研究和特殊群体的网络自我表露等可以成为今后的研究取向.     

浅析后现代主义绘画

从有关“后现代主义”的相关讨论开始，逐步引入“后现代主义”思潮影响下新绘画形成，及其风格特征，进而剖析后现代主义艺术观，强调其历史价值性。深入探讨具体的国家具体的新绘画形式，反映后现代主义这种思潮对当代各国绘画的影响。总的来说，后现代主义是一个广泛的观念艺术，是西方社会在一个更高历史阶段发展的文化现象。     

关于家庭自我的研究

家庭是一个有着复杂的内部交互作用的系统，对儿童的发展有着重要的意义。本文从社会系统取向探讨了家庭自我的概念，初步分析了家庭自我的影响因素，介绍了家庭自我的启发式模型及其相关研究。     

后现代哲学与现代西方哲学的终结

一、“后现代哲学”的界定后现代主义是正在西方流行的纷坛繁杂的社会思潮和文化氛围,对它可作狭义和广义两种理解。狭义的理解如最新版《牛津英语词典》对“后现代”（post－modern）条目的定义：“一种艺术或建筑学思潮或作品,以背离或抛弃被认可的或传统的风格和价值为特征。”广义的理解把后现代主义当作一种广泛的社会思潮和文化现象,除后现代艺术、建筑之外,还包括后工业社会的社会学和后结构主义的哲学。我们认为,这两种理解都低估了后现代主义的哲学内涵及其在现代西方哲学发展中的地位和作用。狭义的理解根本否认后现代主义同…     

探索建设性后现代教育哲学对教育改革的意义——“建设性后现代主义与中国的教育改革”国际学术研讨会综述

建立在过程哲学或曰有机哲学基础之上的建设性后现代主义是当代西方具有重要影响的哲学文化思潮。通过对现代性的质疑以及对否定性的后现代主义的批判,它提出了一套兼具批判性和建设性的新的哲学思想体系,包括新的生态世界观、价值观、发展观和自我观,其影响已遍及哲学、政治、经济、文     

晚年福柯的真理谱系学与哲学考古学

晚年福柯思想发生了一个转折,从权力谱系学转向了伦理谱系学和主体谱系学,从对现代社会的权力关系的分析转向了对古希腊罗马的自我技术的分析。在古希腊罗马的文化中,自我关切的伦理处于一个核心的地位,自我认识总是服务于自我关切的目标。自我关切的伦理建立了一种主体与真理之间的关系,它拥有一种完全不同于现代认识论的客观真理观的真理概念,它也界定哲学作为一种精神操练,一种生活方式。"笛卡尔时刻"之后,古代的真理观和哲学观都被遗忘了,福柯的真理谱系学和哲学考古学则致力于恢复这种古典的真理概念和哲学概念。     

后现代主义、德里达和延异

在过去的 30年里 ,哲学界出现了一个颇有影响的新运动 ,人们称其为后现代主义。有人认为 ,后现代主义是一个模棱两可并难以界定的概念。人们常常以多种方式应用之 ,这些方式和哲学上的后现代主义运动密切相关。我把后现代主义定义为一个运动 ,其核心主题是批判客观的理性观和同     

威胁敏感性的概念和测量：生理和认知两种取向

对威胁敏感是人类在应对外部环境过程中不断发展的生存技能。威胁敏感性的研究主要存在两种取向：生理取向以敏感性强化理论为基础, 将行为抑制系统的敏感性界定为威胁敏感性, 量化为个体应对威胁时的生理、情绪和行为反应水平; 认知取向以信息加工的认知风格理论为基础, 将个体在对威胁信息加工过程中的敏感性偏向定义为威胁警觉, 量化为威胁刺激呈现前后的预期水平和探测水平。未来研究还需进一步整合和界定威胁敏感性的概念内涵, 验证各测量指标之间的关系, 拓展不同种类威胁敏感性的研究方法。     

ADHD symptoms,academic achievement,self‐perception of academic competence and future orientation: A longitudinal study

In the investigation of the effect of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms on school careers there is a need to study the role of adolescent and childhood ADHD symptoms and academic achievement, and to incorporate measures that include the individual's perspective. Our aim was to gain an overview of the long‐term development of school careers in relation to ADHD symptoms. We studied associations between ADHD symptoms and academic achievement at different time‐points and future orientation at the end of high school, and assessed the role of self‐perceptions of academic competence in these associations. Participants were 192 children (47% girls) with a range of ADHD symptoms taken from a community sample. Collecting data at three time points, in 6th, 11th and 12th grade we tested a structural equation model. Results showed that ADHD symptoms in 6th grade negatively affected academic achievement concurrently and longitudinally. ADHD symptoms in 11th grade negatively affected concurrent academic achievement and academic self‐perception and future orientation in 12th grade. Academic achievement had a positive influence on academic self‐perception and future orientation. Given the other factors, self‐perception of academic competence did not contribute to outcomes. We concluded that early ADHD symptoms may cast long shadows on young people's academic progress. This happens mainly by way of stability in symptoms and relations to early low academic achievement.     

Cultural differences in levels of autonomous orientation in autobiographical remembering in posttraumatic stress disorder

This study investigated cultural differences in levels of autonomous orientation (the tendency to express autonomy and self‐determination) in autobiographical remembering in those with and without posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Trauma survivors with PTSD and without PTSD from individualistic and collectivistic cultures (N = 101) provided self‐defining, everyday and trauma autobiographical memories. Memories were coded for levels of autonomous orientation and interdependence. It was found trauma survivors from individualistic cultures with PTSD had lower levels of autonomous orientation in their autobiographical remembering than trauma survivors from individualistic cultures without PTSD. In contrast, trauma survivors from collectivistic cultures with PTSD had higher levels of autonomous orientation in their autobiographical remembering than trauma survivors from collectivistic cultures without PTSD. The results suggest the cultural distinction in self‐impacts on the relationship between the nature of autobiographical remembering and posttraumatic psychological adjustment. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Reconciling sexual orientation and Christianity: Black same-gender loving men's experiences

This qualitative study examined the methods that Black same-gender loving (SGL) men used to reconcile their sexual orientation and Christianity. Specifically, the study sought to answer two questions: (1) What does it mean to Black SGL men to have reconciled their Christian beliefs and participation with their sexual orientation? and (2) What specific methods do Black SGL men use to reconcile their Christian beliefs and participation with their sexual orientation? Seven Black Christian SGL men participated in the study. Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis was conducted and yielded eight themes: happiness with and acceptance of self; sense of integrity; geographically distancing self from family and home church; personal interpretation of Biblical text; educating self about same-sex sexual orientation; seeking interpersonal support from and providing interpersonal support for other Black SGL people; use of lived experiences to guide actions; and reconciliation as a practice. The implications of these findings are discussed.     

The Effects of a Learning‐Goal Orientation Training on Self‐Regulation: A Field Experiment Among Unemployed Job Seekers

Finding reemployment after job loss is a complex and difficult task that requires extensive motivation and self‐regulation. This study aimed to examine whether improving unemployed job seekers’ cognitive self‐regulation can increase reemployment probabilities. Based on the goal orientation literature, we developed a learning‐goal orientation (LGO) training, which focused on goal setting aimed at improving rather than demonstrating competences and creating a climate of development and improvement. We predicted that the LGO training would influence peoples’ goal orientation towards job seeking, which in turn would relate to learning from failure, strategy awareness, and self‐efficacy, leading to job‐search intentions, resulting in increased reemployment status. Using a 2‐group quasi‐experimental design with 223 unemployed job seekers, we found support for these predictions, except for self‐efficacy. The results suggest that an LGO training is a promising tool to improve self‐regulation in and effectiveness of job search.     

Contribution of parents' adult attachment and separation attitudes to parent‐adolescent conflict resolution

This study examined the contribution to parent‐adolescent conflict resolution of parental adult attachment styles and attitudes toward adolescent separation. Questionnaires were completed by 295 couples with early to late adolescent children. Structural equation models were used to test self and partner influences on conflict resolution for three attachment orientations: confidence (model A), anxiety (model B) and avoidance (model C). Model A showed self influences between parents' confidence orientation and negotiation and also via positive attitudes towards separation. Also, the fathers' use of negotiation was facilitated by the mothers' confidence orientation and vice versa, indicating partner influences as well. Model B showed self influences between parents' anxiety orientation and the use of dominance and withdrawal and also via negative attitudes towards separation. Model C showed self influences between parents' avoidance orientation and dominance and withdrawal, and a partner influence between fathers' avoidance and mothers' use of dominance. The results indicated that the parents' adult attachment system and the parenting system were related in the area of conflict resolution, and that self influences were stronger than partner influences.     

The relationship between goal orientation and career striving in young adolescents

We surveyed 280 students (61% girls; M = 15.3 years) and, in the context of goal setting theory and self‐regulation, tested a cross‐sectional model in which goal orientation (learning, performance–prove, performance–avoid) was viewed as an antecedent to self‐efficacy and outcome expectations, self‐efficacy and outcome expectations were tested as antecedents to goal setting, and goal setting tested as an antecedent to career‐striving behaviors (exploration, planning). After controlling for educational achievement, learning orientation was directly, positively, associated with self‐efficacy and outcome expectations, and indirectly associated with career aspirations, career exploration, and planning; and performance–avoid orientation was negatively associated with self‐efficacy. The study demonstrated that goal orientation is an important variable to consider when examining career development in adolescents.     

The moral orientations of Finnish peacekeepers

This article examines the moral orientation of Finnish peacekeepers in the field of civil and military cooperation. This aim is studied through identifying different voices in peacekeepers’ narratives. Following previously published research on the ethics of justice, the ethics of care and the ethics of empowerment related to moral orientation, peacekeepers’ ethical and religious voices are identified. Religious beliefs are introduced as important values that contribute to moral orientation. The method is qualitative and the approach is narrative. The data include in‐depth interviews of six key interviewees, with whom I served as a peacekeeper in Bosnia in 2000 and 2001. The data analysis concentrates on identifying the voices of moral orientation through narratives that create a logical narrative synthesis. The study reveals three types of moral orientations and three types of empowerment: (1) justice orientation and challenge‐empowerment; (2) care orientation and community‐empowerment; (3) voices of self‐empowerment connected with ethical and religious contemplation. Peacekeeping intensifies interconnections with religion and ethics and self‐empowerment.     

Individual Goal Orientations,Team Empowerment,and Employee Creative Performance: A Case of Cross‐level Interactions

Intrigued by relationship between team motivational context and individual characteristics in the organizational reality, we developed and tested a cross‐level model to investigate the interactive effects of team empowerment and individual goal orientations on individual creative performance through the mediating mechanism of an individual's creative self‐efficacy. Using multi‐wave multi‐source data from 63 R&D teams in three IT companies, we found that (1) team empowerment, individual learning goal orientation, and individual performance orientation are all positively related to individual creative performance through mediation of creative self‐efficacy; (2) learning orientation and performance approach orientation could both supplement the effects of team empowerment on individual creative self‐efficacy. Our findings point to the importance of individual goal orientation in shaping the effects of team motivation climates and provide insights for both scholars and practitioners. The specific practical implications include but are not limited to (1) individuals with learning and performance approach orientations should be identified during hiring procedures given that they could still thrive in less empowered teams and maintain a relatively high level of creative self‐efficacy and creative outcomes; (2) managers should consider assigning employees who are more learning oriented to more empowering and open‐ended tasks in order to obtain better creative results.     

Ignored no more: Within‐Person variability enables better understanding of training transfer

The empirical findings from training transfer research rest on a rather static view of the transfer phenomenon, ignoring potential within‐person change in transfer over time. This study investigates within‐person variability in mastery goal orientation together with variability over time in the application of newly acquired knowledge and skills to the job context. Data from longitudinal surveys of trainees voluntarily attending statistical workshops revealed that trainees varied significantly in 2 characteristics of transfer trajectory: (a) initial attempts to transfer and (b) subsequent rate of change in transfer. Two affective learning outcomes showed differential relationships with transfer trajectories: Whereas posttraining self‐efficacy predicted initial attempt of transfer, motivation to transfer assessed at the end of training predicted subsequent rate of change in transfer. Furthermore, level and variability of trainees’ mastery orientation interacted to influence posttraining self‐efficacy and motivation to transfer, and subsequently transfer trajectories. Specifically, a trainee's mastery orientation level had stronger prediction of these outcomes when his/her mastery orientation distribution was less variable across situations. These findings highlight the importance of attending to within‐person variability in the study of training transfer by (a) considering training transfer as trajectories over time and (b) understanding trainee traits as frequency distributions.