微创心脏外科的发展与思考

微创心脏外科是心脏外科发展的必然趋势,其中蕴含丰富的人文关怀精神,体现了人文关怀的精神实质.在临床工作中,应该以"以人为本"的人文关怀精神实质为指导,辩证地采用微创心脏外科手术,实现人文关怀.     

辩证思维与辩证情绪的因果关系探究

辩证情绪是指个体对同一刺激同时体验到积极和消极情绪的一种心理状态.为探索辩证思维和辩证情绪的因果关系,在研究1中首先收集和筛选了诱发辩证情绪的视频;在研究2中,选取219个被试,先通过思维启动改变被试的辩证思维程度,然后考察辩证思维程度的改变对随后诱发辩证情绪强度的影响.结果发现,思维启动(辩证思维和线性思维)引起的辩证思维程度的差异显著,辩证情绪诱发效果显著,辩证思维在启动类型和辩证情绪之间的中介作用显著.这揭示了辩证思维程度的改变确实引起随后诱发的辩证情绪强度的变化,即辩证思维和辩证情绪存在因果关系.     

微创心脏外科的发展与思考

微创心脏外科是心脏外科发展的必然趋势,其中蕴含丰富的人文关怀精神,体现了人文关怀的精神实质。在临床工作中,应该以"以人为本"的人文关怀精神实质为指导,辩证地采用微创心脏外科手术,实现人文关怀。     

心脏病外科治疗之趋势——微创

在近20年间,伴随着科学技术的发展以及医疗水平的提高,微创已经成为了外科医生行使手术的重要选择之一;由于国家生活水平的提高,患者不但追求高生存率,同时提出了更高的要求--低病痛,快恢复期,伤口美观等,微创外科得到了越来越多的人的青睐.本文主要探讨了微创心脏外科的分类(小切口技术,电视胸腔镜辅助心脏外科技术,机器人辅助心脏外科技术)以及各种新技术在心脏外科领域所存在的优势和不足,同时辩证地指出了心脏外科的未来发展趋势以及在发展过程中可能存在的一系列矛盾,同时指出了医疗为患者个体服务的观点.     

先天性心脏病临床决策中的几个问题

医学知识是以前的医学家在治病救人的过程中,不断地积累经验,逐渐形成的有条理的治疗疾病的方法.哲学的辩证思维为临床医学提供了一般方法论.本文介绍了在先天性心脏病诊断治疗的临床决策中应用辩证思维的体会,以便于提高诊治水平,既抓住疾病的一般规律,又不要忘记疾病的特殊性.     

辩证思维在缺氧缺血性脑病诊疗中的指导作用

辩证思维是最重要的科学思维之一,广泛应用于各种科学研究中.本文通过对缺氧缺血性脑病诊疗过程中的一些问题进行分析,尝试探讨辩证思维在解决该病诊疗问题过程中的一系列指导作用,以及在诊疗过程中辩证思维常用的基本原则,以便及时地诊断和治疗缺氧缺血性脑病.     

心脏病外科治疗之趋势——微创

在近20年间,伴随着科学技术的发展以及医疗水平的提高,微创已经成为了外科医生行使手术的重要选择之一;由于国家生活水平的提高,患者不但追求高生存率,同时提出了更高的要求——低病痛,快恢复期,伤口美观等,微创外科得到了越来越多的人的青睐。本文主要探讨了微创心脏外科的分类(小切口技术,电视胸腔镜辅助心脏外科技术,机器人辅助心脏外科技术)以及各种新技术在心脏外科领域所存在的优势和不足,同时辩证地指出了心脏外科的未来发展趋势以及在发展过程中可能存在的一系列矛盾,同时指出了医疗为患者个体服务的观点。     

斜视伴内眦赘皮矫正手术的思辨性研究

斜视伴内眦赘皮是临床上常见的美容及眼位矫治受术者表型特征,其手术设计及实施过程中的辩证思维不仅对手术的预后起到重要影响,对于能否达到受术者对手术的要求和术后恢复具有重要意义.本文主要从手术方案的设计、手术实施过程中的辩证思维及手术后人文关怀讨论辩证思维的应用.     

糖尿病酮症酸中毒急救措施

辩证思维是最重要的科学思维方法.是指导临床工作的重要科学方法.糖尿病酮症酸中毒(DKA)为糖尿病的急性并发症,是导致糖尿病死亡的主要原因之一.在临床诊治过程中,应科学合理运用辩证思维方法,对DKA快速正确地诊断,积极及时地救治,从而降低糖尿病的病死率,提高患者的生存质量.     

辩证思维

辩证思维区分为朴素辩证思维与理性辩证思维。朴素辩证思维是人们按照世界运动、发展和变化的本来面貌如实地反映世界,是自发地对自然界中到处存在的对立统一运动的反映,即人们未自觉掌提辩证法之前所进行的辩证思维,正像人们远在散文这一名词出现以前,就已经在用散文说话一样．理性辩证思维是人们自觉运用辩证法观点,接照辩证法的基本要求所进行的思维。这种思维是一种主观辩证法,是对客观辩证法的自觉运用．因此,只有精通并自觉运用辩证法的人,才能有理性辩证思维．同形而上学思维相比,理性辩证思维有下述四个特征：（1）全面性…     

精神分裂症对情绪的面部表情加工及其神经机制

综述了近年来关于精神分裂症对情绪面部表情加工损伤的研究,讨论了这种损伤的性质,以及对这种损伤性质的解释,比如它属于一般性还是特异性的损伤,与临床症状以及认知特征之间的关系等。比较分析表明,精神分裂症情绪面部表情知觉损伤,可能兼有面部信息加工障碍和情绪信息知觉困难的特性。另外,介绍了国外关于针对精神分裂症面部表情再认和识别的康复训练研究以及近年来利用事件相关电位（ERPs）和功能磁共振成像（fMRI）等认知神经科学技术进行的神经生理机制研究     

The effects of behavior rehearsal and feedback on the acquisition of problem-solving skills in distressed and nondistressed couples

Couples who were paid to participate in an experimental marital enrichment program were randomly assigned to one of four treatment conditions or to a control group. All groups received training in solving marital problems, but the groups differed according to how they were trained; some received feedback (FB) on their previous taped performances, some had the opportunity to practice the skills suggested by the therapist (BR), some had both (complete treatment), and some simply were presented with instructions. Changes in problem-solving skills were assessed by behavioral observations of the frequency of positive problem-solving behavior before and after treatment, and global ratings of problem-solving effectiveness made by trained raters. In general, the complete treatment condition produced greater changes from pre- to post-test than any other condition. Couples in this condition showed significantly greater increases in positive behavior than any other group, and on global ratings of problem-solving skills they evidenced the greatest improvement, although on this measure they did not improve significantly more than BR couples.     

Parallel coding of conjunctions in visual search

Two experiments investigated whether the conjunctive nature of nontarget items influenced search for a conjunction target. Each experiment consisted of two conditions. In both conditions, the target item was a red bar tilted to the right, among white tilted bars and vertical red bars. As well as color and orientation, display items also differed in terms of size. Size was irrelevant to search in that the size of the target varied randomly from trial to trial. In one condition, the size of items correlated with the other attributes of display items (e.g., all red items were big and all white items were small). In the other condition, the size of items varied randomly (i.e., some red items were small and some were big, and some white items were big and some were small). Search was more efficient in the size-correlated condition, consistent with the parallel coding of conjunctions in visual search     

西方儿童个性结构研究进展

近年来,在儿童个性结构研究领域,基于成人研究基础上建立起来的大五因素受到一定的挑战,此外该研究领域在研究方法方面也取得了一些进展。该文从新近西方儿童的个性结构理论研究、儿童个性结构研究采用的同伴提名法、以及个性结构问卷的跨文化应用等几方面来探讨西方儿童个性结构研究领域的进展,并提出未来研究的设想。     

Familiar eyes are smiling: on the role of familiarity in the perception of facial affect

Quickly and accurately perceiving others' facial affect is paramount for successful social interaction. This work investigates the role of familiarity in helping us to interpret others' facial emotions. In Experiments 1 and 2, participants viewed several faces, some familiar and some novel, and judged how happy each face appeared. As predicted, results showed that familiar faces were perceived as happier than were novel faces. In Experiment 3, participants again viewed several faces, some familiar and some not, and rated the perceived anger or happiness of these faces. As expected, familiar faces were perceived as happier and less angry than were novel faces. Thus, these results suggest that familiarity is one cue we use to interpret the facial affect of others. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The Effects of Life Events Inventory

There has been some disagreement in the literature regarding the wisdom of including negative and positive life events in life event scales. However, underlying much of this discussion has been the assumption that the negativity or positivity of various events may be denoted a priori. The present study investigated the relative desirability and impact of 66 life events rewritten to suit the culture of the samples used. In addition, the effect of recency of occurrence of these events was explored. Results clearly indicated that some apparently negative life events were experienced as desirable by some participants, and that some apparently positive events were experienced as undesirable by several participants. Differences in response patterns according to age, gender, anxiety level, and type of presenting problem were also examined. The implications of these findings for assessment in clinical and research situations are discussed.     

A Longitudinal Study of Religiosity,Spiritual Health Locus of Control,and Health Behaviors in a National Sample of African Americans

The present longitudinal study examined religious beliefs and behaviors, spiritual health locus of control (SHLOC), and selected health-related behaviors and outcomes in a national sample of 766 African American adults. Participants were interviewed by telephone three times over a 5-year period. Results indicated that stronger religious beliefs and religious behaviors were associated with greater changes in active SHLOC. There was some evidence of direct effects of religious beliefs and behaviors on changes in health behaviors. Religious behaviors were related to greater passive SHLOC over time across some health outcomes. Passive SHLOC was associated with some less desirable health outcomes over time.     

A Story about the Counselors in the Land of Help

Licensure is an issue of interest to many counselors. In some ways, however, the issue of licensure seems to be unresolved among them; in other words, some counselors want licensure, some don't, and others really don't seem to care one way or the other. This article recounts what happened to the counselors in the Land of Help when they were confronted with licensure and what they were able to do about it.     

学科规训视野中近代中国心理学学科的发展——以中央大学心理学系为例

学科规训制度是一种知识生产与专门人才培养同步进行的整合性制度,在某一知识门类学科化发展进程中起到至关重要的作用。民国时期,我国诸多大学纷纷成立心理学系,并开始着手建设中国自己的心理学,在这方面,中央大学心理学系成为了当时学科建设的桥头堡,它们的探索与实践在一定程度上与现代学科规训制度存在某种契合。     

Exteroceptive control of fixed-interval responding

Two pigeons were exposed to several fixed-interval schedules of food reinforcement. In some cases, exteroceptive stimuli associated with the passage of time were present. Such visual "clock" stimuli were found to gain almost complete control over the behavior, although at the longest fixed interval studied, the superposition of a new temporal discrimination upon the visual discrimination was observed. Where clock stimuli were made contingent upon the birds' behavior, a new form of responding was generated. This behavior was discussed in terms of positive and negative response-tendencies resulting from several stimulus factors: Some of these functioned as S(Delta)'s and secondary negative reinforcers; some functioned as S(D)'s and secondary positive reinforcers; and some were ambiguous with respect to reinforcement conditions. A "pure temporal" discrimination was superimposed upon these factors, but its exact nature was indeterminate from the present data.