ERAS理念在老年股骨转子间骨折围手术期的应用

探讨与传统的围手术期干预方式相比,ERAS理念在老年股骨转子间骨折围手术期的应用效果。取自2017年1月～2018年1月,12个月内我院60例老年股骨转子间骨折经PFNA内固定手术治疗患者。经签署知情同意书,利用随机数表将患者随机分成试验组和对照组,每组30例,并做术前疼痛指标的评估笔记。随后对两组分别采用ERAS指导下的围手术期干预以及传统理念下的围手术期干预。两组患者术后6小时、24小时、3天、5天的疼痛情况进行VAS评分。对出院的患者进行术后为期1年的随访,评价髋关节的功能,并记录相关的数据信息。结果,试验组术后6小时、24小时、3天的VAS疼痛评分明显优于对照组(P0.05),5天的VAS评分两组无明显差距。试验组的术后卧床时间、住院时间、住院费用均明显少于对照组(P0.05),试验组术后一年髋关节Harris显著高于对照组评分(P0.05),ERAS理念指导下的围手术期干预术后效果优于传统方法,对减少患者术后痛苦,减轻患者及社会医疗负担有一定的意义。     

靶控输注舒芬太尼复合丙泊酚在老年直肠癌根治术合并2型糖尿病患者围术期指标的影响

探究靶控输注(TCI)舒芬太尼复合丙泊酚在老年直肠癌根治术合并2型糖尿病患者围术期指标的影响。选取自2015年9月～2016年9月间我院收治的老年直肠癌根治术且合并2型糖尿病患者78例,采用随机数字表法将研究对象分为A组(TCI舒芬太尼复合丙泊酚注射)和B组(多次舒芬太尼复合丙泊酚注射)。观察两组患者围手术期血气指标、血糖指标、麻醉效果和不良反应。TCI舒芬太尼复合丙泊酚对行直肠癌根治术的老年直肠癌合并2型糖尿病患者的麻醉效果较佳,能够稳定血流动力学和血糖指标,减少围手术期不良反应的发生,值得推广应用。     

腰-硬联合麻醉在高海拔高龄患者髋关节置换术中的应用

探讨腰-硬联合麻醉及全身麻醉用于高海拔高龄低氧患者行人工髋关节置换的临床优势。分析2010年1月～2013年11月来我院进行人工髋关节置换术的高龄（年龄＞69岁）低氧患者86例,其中全麻31例,腰-硬联合麻醉55例,记录麻醉后5min、15min、30min及术毕血压、心率,术中低血压发生率,术后转ICU比例等指标。与全麻相比,腰-硬联合麻醉组血流动力学稳定、术中低血压发生率降低（P＜0．05）、入住ICU几率显著降低（P＜0．05）。在高海拔高龄低氧患者行人工髋关节置换术中采用腰-硬联合麻醉可以使患者麻醉效果突出,血流动力学平稳,安全有效,比全麻更有临床应用优势。     

人工髋关节置换术后翻修治疗体会

近年来,随着我国开展人工关节置换术,临床取得了较好的效果,为老年股骨颈骨折、股骨头无菌性坏死、成人先天性髋关节脱位等患者解除痛苦。随着人工髋关节置换术的广泛开展,因手术人员的技术原因,以及假体的长期使用,术后并发症也随之增多,翻修术也成为必然。针对我院30例人工髋关节术后翻修适应证选择及假体选择。谈一些治疗体会。     

大转子延长截骨在THR术后感染一期翻修中的临床应用

评价大转子延长截骨并行单纯钢丝捆扎在人工髋关节置换（THR）术后感染一期翻修中的作用及对翻修假体的影响.选取2010年10月~2013年10月期间30例髋关节置换术后假体感染性松动并行一期翻修术的患者,随访时间（34.8＆#177;13.2）月,对患者手术时间、截骨长度和愈合时间、术前术后Harris评分及术后感染控制情况进行统计.30例患者髋关节术后评分明显高于术前,手术时间为（132.4＆#177;23.6）min,经大转子截骨长度为（11.4＆#177;2.6）cm,截骨愈合时间（3.8＆#177;1.3）个月.术后感染未见复发.因此THR术后感染的一期翻修术中应用大转子延长截骨方法能缩短手术时间,髋关节功能较术前明显改善.     

PFNA、DHS与FHR治疗老年股骨粗隆间骨折的疗效比较

比较股骨近端防旋髓内钉（PFNA）、动力髋螺钉（DHS）与人工股骨头置换术（FHR）治疗老年股骨粗隆间骨折的临床疗效。对2005年6月～2012年6月收治且获得随访的65例老年股骨粗隆间骨折患者进行回顾性分析,其中男27例,女38例。根据治疗方式不同分为三组：PFNA 组21例,DHS 组22例,FHR 组22例。比较三组患者手术时间、术中出血量、术后引流量、负重时间、术后并发症发生情况及术后3个月、6个月、12个月髋关节 Harris 评分等。结果65例患者均获随访12个月～24个月（平均12．0个月＆#177;3．4个月）,三种方法中,手术时间及负重时间比较,FHR 组时间最短,差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05）;术中出血量比较,DHS 组最少,差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05）;髋关节功能比较,FHR 组优于PFNA 组及 DHS 组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05）;术后引流量及术后并发症三组比较差异无统计学意义（P ＞0．05）。因此,对老年股骨粗隆间骨折患者,采用 FHR 手术可使患者术后早期下床,改善患者生活质量。     

伴心脑血管疾病老年患者行半髋关节置换术时麻醉选择的循证依据

本文针对1例伴心脑血管疾病的老年患者行半髋关节置换术的麻醉方案进行循证分析.首先,笔者评估该患者术前的生理情况,对围术期可能出现的棘手问题进行预测.然后,针对如何科学地看待上述问题,进行证据检索和评价.最后,根据循证依据为该患者选择理想的麻醉方式.     

78例鼻颅底肿瘤经鼻内镜下手术治疗的临床观察

对78例鼻颅底肿瘤患者经鼻内镜下行微创手术治疗,考察其治疗效果、围术期并发症,并总结可供临床参照的手术操作要点。回顾性分析2012年1月~2014年6月笔者所在医院收治的78例鼻颅底肿瘤患者的临床资料。患者均经鼻内镜下行手术治疗。术后经病理活检确诊,如为恶性肿瘤,患者还需术后接受放射治疗。考察手术完成、肿瘤切除情况(切除率)、围术期并发症的发生及持续随访的结果。78例患者全部顺利完成手术。肿瘤全切率80.8%(63/78),次全切除率14.1%(11/78),大部分切除率5.1%(4/78)。术后病理结果显示良性肿瘤占53.8%(42/78),恶性肿瘤占46.2%(36/78)。围术期并发症的发生率为5.1%(4/78)。无致死病例。持续随访,术后1年良性肿瘤复发率11.9%(5/42),恶性肿瘤复发率25.0%(9/36)。术后3年恶性肿瘤复发率52.8%(19/36),病死率44.4%(16/36)。经鼻内镜下微创手术切除鼻腔、鼻窦侵犯至颅底或颅底的原发良、恶性肿瘤是简便、有效、安全的治疗方法。只要掌握好适应证,制定合理的手术路径,则鼻内镜下微创术切除或部分切除鼻颅底的肿瘤在临床是切实可行的。     

两种麻醉方式在门诊隆胸手术中的应用比较

为了比较瑞芬太尼-丙泊酚静脉麻醉与利多卡因硬膜外神经阻滞在门诊隆胸手术中的应用效果,选取ASAⅠ级行门诊隆胸手术患者80例,随机等分为瑞芬太尼-丙泊酚静脉麻醉组(A组)和利多卡因硬膜外神经阻滞组(B组)。观察两组患者围手术期的麻醉效果和术后2h内不良反应发生情况。结果显示,A组麻醉效果显著优于B组,且术后2h内发生的不良反应明显少于B组。     

两种麻醉方式在门诊隆胸手术中的应用比较

为了比较瑞芬太尼-丙泊酚静脉麻醉与利多卡因硬膜外神经阻滞在门诊隆胸手术中的应用效果,选取ASA I级行门诊隆胸手术患者80例,随机等分为瑞芬太尼-丙泊酚静脉麻醉组(A组)和利多卡因硬膜外神经阻滞组(B组).观察两组患者围手术期的麻醉效果和术后2h内不良反应发生情况.结果显示,A组麻醉效果显著优于B组,且术后2h内发生的不良反应明显少于B组.     

外科手术患者的血糖管理

随着糖尿病患患者数的迅速增加,需要接受外科手术治疗的糖尿病患者也越来越多。糖尿病患者的血糖控制与外科手术相互影响,一方面,手术应激可进一步加重糖尿病患者的糖代谢紊乱;另一方面,合并糖尿病使患者发生围手术期并发症甚至死亡的风险大大增加。因此,对糖尿病患者进行完整的术前评估,良好的术前、术中、术后血糖管理是糖尿病患者手术顺利进行、平稳渡过围手术期、改善预后的重要保证。     

髋关节置换术治疗股骨颈骨折围手术期应用整体护理途径与常规护理的对照研究

在利用人工髋关节置换术治疗股骨颈骨折的围手术期,应用整体护理途径与常规护理模式进行对照研究,发现整体护理途径能显著减少住院、手术等待时间,降低卧床并发症。在股骨颈骨折的围手术期应用整体护理途径这一治疗策略体现了哲学之事物的整体辩证观、发展观、因果论。     

Emotional Distress Associated with Surgical Treatment and its Relationship with Coping Profiles Among Chronically ill Older Patients

The study determines the patterns of coping styles among older patients with hip osteoarthritis and assesses the derived profiles in terms of perceived stress and anxiety before and after arthroplasty. Sixty-one hospital patients (mean age 70.3 years) were analysed one day before arthroplasty and three months after. The participants were assessed with the Brief-COPE (coping style), PSS-10 (perceived stress) and STAI (anxiety) psychometric tests. Four coping patterns were yielded using data clustering: rational, enterprising (resourceful), potentially maladaptive and flexible. Repeated measures ANOVA indicated a main effect within subjects but did not indicate that decreases of stress and anxiety varied differently between groups. Cluster 1 (a coping profile characterised by high helplessness, low active coping, high avoidance) reported significantly greater stress and anxiety than all other groups before and after hip replacement, while clusters 2 (flexible), 3 (resourceful) and 4 (rational) were characterised by similar levels of anxiety and stress. Older patients with osteoarthritis might differ in terms of emotional response to surgical treatment. Screening for coping styles at admission to hospital may indicate more vulnerable individuals.     

Assessing the quality of life in patients with multiple sclerosis in Kuwait: a cross sectional study

The main objective of this paper was to assess the level and the determinants of quality of life (QOL) amongst patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). A cross-sectional study was conducted among a convenience sample of 200 adult MS patients. Inclusion criteria were: MS diagnosis for at least one year, and aged 21+ years. However, exclusion criteria were: having other neurological diseases, serious cardiovascular, orthopedic or other disability precluding participation. Self-administered questionnaire employed MSQOL-54 with two outcomes: Physical Health Composite (PHC) and mental health composite (MHC). Satisfaction with Daily Occupation scale was adopted through face to face interviews. The median of PHC and MHC scores were 48.9/100, and 53.4/100 respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed that unemployment was a determinant of poor PHC, while low monthly income was a predictor of poor MHC. Additionally, low endurance and sensory problems were associated with poor PHC, and MHC, while motor problems were allied with only poor PHC. Patient’s satisfaction level with performing activities of daily living was positively associated with PHC and MHC. Assessment of QOL is suggested to be comprised in medical settings.     

围手术期血糖控制

糖尿病患者围手术期血糖控制是临床糖尿病处理的一大难题,围手术期血糖控制状况对术后病死率及感染等并发症有重要影响。良好的血糖控制可以改善患者预后,但严格控制血糖也会增加低血糖和多项不良事件发生的风险。目前对围手术期血糖控制的目标尚无统一标准,缺乏充分的前瞻性对比研究和循证证据。本文作者对近几年关于围手术期血糖控制相关文献...     

长柄假体置换治疗高龄粉碎性粗隆间骨折的随访研究

为了探讨长柄假体置换治疗高龄粉碎性粗隆间骨折的短期疗效,我们对31例符合要求的研究对象进行了平均22个月的随访,指标包括Charnley及Harris评分以及X-ray平片,结果最近一次X—ray观察3例出现异位骨化,无一例假体松动,Charnley分级Ⅳ级及以上90．0％,Harris评分优良率88．3％,因此长柄假体置换是治疗高龄粉碎性粗隆间骨折的理想选择之一。     

老年髋部骨折围手术期医疗风险的分析与对策

髋部骨折是老年人的常见病之一,髋部骨折对老年人生命的危害最大。随着人口老龄化,老年髋部骨折发病率呈逐年上升趋势。老年骨质疏松髋部骨折围手术期的医疗风险临床较常见,如何降低老年骨质疏松髋部骨折围手术期的医疗风险,是临床骨科需要解决的问题。分析存在的风险问题,明确各种风险因素,尽可能降低老年髋部围手术期的医疗风险。     

Common and specific gait patterns in people with varying anatomical levels of lower limb amputation and different prosthetic components

The present study’s aim was to identify the kinematic and kinetic gait patterns and to measure the energy consumption in people with amputation according to both the anatomical level of amputation and the type of prosthetic components in comparison with a control group matched for the gait speed. Fifteen subjects with unilateral transtibial amputation (TTA), forty with unilateral transfemoral amputation (TFA) (9 with mechanical, 17 with CLeg and 14 with Genium prosthesis) and forty healthy subjects were recruited. We computed the time-distance gait parameters; the range of angular motion (RoM) at hip, knee and ankle joints, and at the trunk and pelvis; the values of the 2 peaks of vertical force curve; the full width at half maximum (FWHM) and center of activity (CoA) of vertical force; the mechanical behavior in terms of energy recovery (R-step) and energy consumption. The main results were: i) both TTA and TFA show a common gait pattern characterized by a symmetric increase of step length, step width, double support duration, pelvic obliquity, trunk lateral bending and trunk rotation RoMs compared to control groups. They show also an asymmetric increase of stance duration and of Peak1 in non-amputated side and a decrease of ankle RoM in amputated side; ii) only TFA show a specific gait pattern, depending on the level of amputation, characterized by a symmetric reduction of R-step and an asymmetric decrease of stance duration, CoA and FWHM and an increase of Peak1 in the amputated side and of hip and knee RoM, CoA and FWHM in the non-amputated side; iii) people with amputation with Genium prosthesis show a longer step length and increased hip and knee RoMs compared to people with amputation with mechanical prosthesis who conversely show an increased pelvic obliquity: these are specific gait patterns depending of the type of prosthesis. In conclusion, we identified both common and specific gait patterns in people with amputation, either regardless of, or according to their level of amputation and the type of prosthetic component.     

Cortisol,interleukins and S100B in delirium in the elderly

In independent studies delirium was associated with higher levels of cortisol, interleukin(IL)s, and S100B. The aim of this study was to simultaneously compare cortisol, IL-6, IL-8, and S100B levels in patients aged 65 years and older admitted for hip fracture surgery with and without delirium. Cortisol, IL-6, IL-8, and S100B were assayed in repeated blood samples. 120 patients (mean age 84 years, 62 patients with delirium) were included. Highest levels of IL-8 (27.1, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 13.6–53.1 pg/ml) and cortisol (666, 95% CI: 475–859 nmol/L) were before delirium, but of IL-6 (84.3, 95% CI: 46.5–151.4 pg/mL) and S100B (0.18, 95% CI: 0.12–0.24 μg/L) during delirium. In multivariable analysis cortisol, LogIL-6, and LogS100B were significantly associated with delirium, but adjusted for pre-existing cognitive impairment, only LogS100B remained significantly associated. Cortisol, IL-6 and S100B may have a role in the pathogenesis of delirium, but S100B is the strongest independent marker.