临床研究生科研人体试验的伦理审查状况调查

采用匿名问卷调查的方法对临床研究生进行关于科研人体试验的伦理审查状况的调查研究.研究表明,人体试验在临床科研中比重很大;伦理审查制度建设已初具规模,存在导师及研究生伦理意识的差距,接受伦理审查相关培训的需求强烈;要进一步正确认识知情同意的意义,应加强对安慰剂使用的严格监管.     

艾滋病研究中的常见伦理问题及其对策

为遏制艾滋病病毒 (HIV )和艾滋病 (AIDS)的迅速蔓延 ,在世界范围内广泛开展了预防控制HIV /AIDS的研究工作 ,研究包括流行病学研究、社会科学研究、教育学研究以及社会干预研究等[1] ,科研引发的伦理问题存在于研究对象选择、研究方法设计和研究实施等环节 ,常见的伦理问题表现为侵犯研究对象的自治权、导致对某些社会群体的歧视、损害研究对象的利益等 ,如何在艾滋病研究伦理审查委员会 (IRB)的监督和指导下 ,在公平、受益和尊重个人的科研伦理学基本原则[2 ] 的基础上 ,采取有效措施消除艾滋病科研中存在的伦理问题已成为预防控制…     

痛经临床科研中的伦理问题及措施

通过梳理痛经临床科研中的有关伦理问题,具体涉及受试者招募、知情同意、对照选择、患者依从性、研究人员资质和中医药研究特点等容易出现伦理问题的环节,进行探讨和分析其存在的原因,并提出相应防范和改进措施,加强伦理委员会参与临床研究过程管理的相关措施,如受试者招募环节的伦理监管;完善知情同意的过程,提高受试者的依从性;注重多部门协作,提高跟踪审查质量;伦理审查与科学审查相互配合;加强中医药伦理审查等,唯有这样才能更好地保护痛经临床科研中的受试者。     

艾滋病防控中获取患者信息的伦理问题刍议

当前艾滋病获取患者信息中,存在公私观念上的摩擦、相关规定与环节存在疏漏、对信息弱势群体关照不足的伦理难题。问题背后包含着患者为了公共健康的伦理目的却又失去伦理关系的风险,"失德"名声带来的耻感与歧视,遵守政策规范却缺少应有的尊重与保护等矛盾。问题的解决需要在文化背景和利益关系下思量个人身心秩序与社会整体秩序间如何权衡,结合历史、理论与现实维度提出路径。"信"的建立是关键所在,包括公共卫生部门公信力的树立和相应制度措施建设,同时在信息活动中需要给"私"以合理地位,并注重艾滋病治疗相关医学信息的宣传。     

医学科研与医学科研伦理的辩证思考

医学科研中出现许多伦理问题。其必然性在于科学与伦理的不同：即属性不同、评价标准不同、变革速度不同。医学伦理可以告诉人们什么样的医学科研活动是善的,什么样的科研行为是应该做的。医学科研中要把握医学伦理观,体现医学科技观,富有医学创新观。     

心理学研究中的伦理

本文介绍了美国心理学会关于科学研究的伦理原则和相关的规定,以及结合心理学科研实践讨论怎样实施这些原则与规定。本文对我国心理学的伦理建设有一定参考价值。主要内容如下:1.人类参与的研究; a.知情同意及欺骗; b.自由退出; c.保护免受伤害和事后情况说明; d.清除有害后果; e.保密。2.动物研究的伦理:a.反对研究动物的论点; b.赞成研究动物的论点。c.研究动物的指南。3.科学欺诈。4.监督伦理实践。     

艾滋病防治之伦理原则的几点再认识

艾滋病 (AIDS)是一种威胁全社会的严重传染病 ,它侵蚀着人类的健康 ,阻碍着经济的发展 ,给社会造成严重的危害。对于我国 ,甚至全世界 ,艾滋病的传播都带来极大的害处。有效阻断艾滋病的传播 ,必然要管理艾滋病患者和高危人群 ,限制他们的某些权利 ,这就产生一些社会伦理问题。艾滋病的防治 ,虽然可以使用有利 (无伤 )、尊重 (宽容 )、公正、互助等伦理原则[1] ,卫生部下发的《关于艾滋病病毒感染者和艾滋病患者的管理意见》(以下简称《管理意见》)也考虑了这些伦理理念 ,但是这些原则和理念高度抽象和概括 ,缺乏可操作性 ,实践中 ,往往遇…     

知情同意原则的起源与发展

知情同意作为一项基本的医学伦理原则起源于20世纪中叶的西方国家,在医学科研和临床实践中有着不同的产生和发展历程,涉及到一系列的医学伦理规范和法律规定.这一原则的兴起和发展受到西方自由主义思想的影响,并且与20世纪西方社会的权利运动以及医学科学技术的发展相关.     

涉及人的生物医学研究伦理审查标准化操作的实践与体会

针对目前医疗机构在医学科研中涉及人的生物医学研究的伦理审查在申报、实施和监督等环节较难同步的现状,探索医院伦理委员对生物医学研究伦理审查的标准化操作规程,认为在审查实践中应加强伦理委员会持续教育,抓关键环节的伦理监督,不断提高委员的伦理审查能力;重视信息化管理,建立多渠道的沟通方式,重视加强对科研人员伦理导航的重要性.     

论临床试验中的治疗性误解及对策

研究和临床治疗在根本目的、基本方法、风险的正当性,以及应遵循的伦理原则等多方面都存在着根本性的区别.在临床试验的理论与实践中,混淆治疗与研究两者的区别,就会造成治疗性误解,从而违背科研伦理的知情同意原则,损害受试者的利益.以研究和治疗的区分为出发点,对治疗性误解的原因、引起的主要伦理问题及对策加以讨论.     

Tips to make research teaching and learning enjoyable and productive for counsellors,psychotherapists and their tutors

This article identifies the learning expectations and experiences of qualified counsellors and psychotherapists undertaking higher education awards with specific regard to research activity. Drawing on the current literature and some early findings from focus group research with students, combined with our personal and professional experiences, we identify what contributes to a productive research experience. This is used as a basis to provide tips for both teachers and those new to research to make counselling and psychotherapy research enjoyable and productive. A full research paper is in preparation.     

What kind of research in psychoanalytic science?1

The kind of science that psychoanalysis is (can be), and the kind of research appropriate to it, qualitative and/or quantitative, have been divisive issues from the very inception of the discipline. I explore in detail the complexity of these issues, definitional and semantic, as well as methodological and substantive. A plea is made for the application of qualitative (idiographic)and quantitative (nomothetic) research methods, each to the extent that is appropriate, separately or in conjunction, across the entire spectrum of research domains in psychoanalysis, empirical, clinical, conceptual, historical, and interdisciplinary.     

Community-Based Participatory Research for Improved Mental Health

Community-based participatory research (CBPR) focuses on specific community needs, and produces results that directly address those needs. Although conducting ethical CBPR is critical to its success, few academic programs include this training in their curricula. This article describes the development and evaluation of an online training course designed to increase the use of CBPR in mental health disciplines. Developed using a participatory approach involving a community of experts, this course challenges traditional research by introducing a collaborative process meant to encourage increased participation by special populations and narrow the parity gap in effective mental health treatment and services delivery.     

Research Quality: Critique of Quantitative Articles in the Journal of Counseling & Development

The purpose of this study was to examine the quality of quantitative articles published in the Journal of Counseling & Development. Quality concerns arose in regard to omissions of psychometric information of instruments, effect sizes, and statistical power. Type VI and II errors were found. Strengths included stated research questions and appropriateness of analyses. Implications of these results are provided.     

To a young basic scientist, about to embark on a program of translational research

From recent commentaries about the role of basic behavior scientists in translational research, I distill some advice to young investigators who seek to apply their basic science training to translational studies. Among the challenges are (a) devising use-inspired research programs that complement, and are not redundant with, existing efforts in basic and applied behavior analysis; and (b) making tactical decisions, such as the selection of methods and collaborators, based on the research topic rather than, necessarily, the existing traditions in behavioral research. Finally, it must be recognized that although use-inspired basic research has the potential to attract support to basic laboratories and contribute to "saving the world," neither of these outcomes is guaranteed. I discuss the relative risks for basic scientists who proceed with use-inspired basic research rather than ignore such translational questions.     

走向完善：人本主义心理学研究方案

为了完善人本主义心理学方法论,人本主义心理学家发展了多种研究方案。每一种方案都设定了自己特定的研究问题,确定了自己独特的研究过程。现象学、解释学、启发式和体验研究方案是其中较为重要的几种。这些方案体现出人本主义心理学家试图将心理学作为人文科学的努力,使人本主义心理学方法论不再流于理论倡导,而是融入到人性研究的具体实践并因此走向完善。在未来,它尚需以辩证唯物主义实践观看待人的本质,确立心理学的整合视野。     

What is conceptual research in psychoanalysis?1

The development of psychoanalysis as a science and clinical practice has always relied heavily on various forms of conceptual research. Thus, conceptual research has clarifi ed, formulated and reformulated psychoanalytic concepts permitting to better shape the fi ndings emerging in the clinical setting. By enhancing clarity and explicitness in concept usage it has facilitated the integration of existing psychoanalytic thinking as well as the development of new ways of looking at clinical and extraclinical data. Moreover, it has offered conceptual bridges to neighbouring disciplines particularly interested in psychoanalysis, e.g. philosophy, sociology, aesthetics, history of art and literature, and more recently cognitive science/neuroscience. In the present phase of psychoanalytic pluralism, of worldwide scientifi c communication among psychoanalysts irrespective of language differences and furthermore of an intensifying dialogue with other disciplines, the relevance of conceptual research is steadily increasing. Yet, it still often seems insuffi ciently clear how conceptual research can be differentiated from clinical and empirical research in psychoanalysis. Therefore, the Subcommittee for Conceptual Research of the IPA presents some of its considerations on the similarities and the differences between various forms of clinical and extraclinical research, their specifi c aims, quality criteria and thus their specifi c chances as well as their specifi c limitations in this paper. Examples taken from six issues of the International Journal of Psychoanalysis in 2002‐3 serve as illustrations for seven different subtypes of conceptual research.     

“She was on my side,and grounded me when I needed it:” Research supervision in the field of therapy,based on counsellors’ and psychotherapists’ views on their engagement with research

Research‐supported practice is increasingly emphasised within counselling and psychotherapy at all stages of training. Guided by an interest in how to support therapists in their efforts to develop research knowledge during doctoral training, this paper focuses on research supervision. Research supervision is a surprisingly under‐researched area. Little is known to date about how supervisors “go about their supervision” (Bruce & Stoodley, 2013, p. 5), despite the fact that “high failure rates for research dissertations in the social sciences have been partly attributed to student dissatisfaction with supervision and poor student–supervisor relationships” (Armstrong, 2004, p. 134). Between 2016 and 2019, we explored accredited counsellors' and 'psychotherapists engagement with research during or after their doctoral training. This paper explores research supervision with these two previous studies serving as the backdrop (Bager‐Charleson et al., 2018; Bager‐Charleson et al., 2018b), together with a literature review into research supervision within social sciences and psychotherapy. Supervision is discussed as a crucial coping/support strategy to (a) link research with practice in therapy work, practically and epistemologically; (b) contain and make sense of the use of transformative learning; (c) balance “enculturation” with critical thinking and emancipation; and (d) support reflective and reflexive development. This paper discusses an adaptive research supervision model, akin to a “holding bond” (Stevens, 2016) which supports the student to reflexively position her/himself personally, intersubjectively, theoretically and socio‐culturally, whilst “negotiating the tension” (Lee, 2008) during a process of enculturation into the discipline, and also fostering critical thinking and emancipation to contribute to new knowledge.     

组织行为学研究的现状：意义与建议

本文对2008~2011年这4个年度发表在英文和中文组织行为学方面重要学术期刊上的研究进行总结, 旨在让国内学者了解现今组织行为学的现状和发展。我们在分析研究内容、研究方法的基础上, 就当前中国组织行为学研究提出了一些总结性的看法, 包括：研究问题很大程度上追随国际潮流, 但缺乏对本土重要问题的关注; 研究方法过多地集中于定量的问卷调查法, 但缺乏对多种不同方法的应用; 研究的分析层次过多地集中在个体层次上, 而对多层次的组织和团队管理现象关注不足。为更好地促进组织行为学科的发展, 本文建议：应该注重立足中国的组织和管理现象来挖掘研究问题; 采用多种研究方法, 特别应鼓励开展定性研究; 注重跨层次研究和研究的情境化等。本文通过介绍近年来组织行为领域的全面情况并详细分析其中的若干个例, 为如何克服以上不足提供具体的范例和方法。     

Constructing a Tree for Community Leaders: Contexts and Processes in Collaborative Inquiry

This paper presents collaborative research between a university-based team and a grass roots community organization on the south side of Chicago. The purpose of the work is to document the nature of community leadership as expressed by members of the host organization. Using a semistructured interview, 77 community members nominated by the host organization were asked about various aspects of their community work. Qualitative analyses of interview text generated a set of 56 codes concerning different aspects of community leadership as reported by grassroots leaders. These codes were subsequently grouped together into five conceptually linked dimensions of community leadership. A leadership tree that simultaneously analyzes and visually displays each of these five dimensions of community leadership was created. Implications of the methodology used to create the leadership tree are discussed for the salience of qualitative methods in community research.