农村与城镇终末期肾病患者临床状况比较分析

对比分析农村与城镇终末期肾病患者的临床状况,旨在了解新农合政策带给农村终末期肾病患者的益处及今后还需完善和努力之处。对广西壮族自治区人民医院血液净化治疗中心2007年新增的238例终末期肾病患者按农村与城镇进行分组对比分析。96例农村患者,88例选择血液透析,8例放弃治疗;142例城镇患者,23例选择腹膜透析,108例血液透析,11例放弃。无论是城镇还是农村患者慢性肾炎为主要的原发病、都存在透析过晚、并发症发生率高、急诊透析率高的现象。与城镇组相比,农村组患者平均年龄、肾病知晓率、残余肾功能、血红蛋白、二氧化碳结合力、尿素清除指数低于城镇组（P〈0．05）;梗阻性肾病发病率、并发症发生率、急诊透析率、死亡率、失访率高于城镇组（P〈0．05）。新农合的实施使农村终末期肾病患者获得了治疗的机会,针对农村患者肾病知晓率低、临床状况差的特点,需加强农村慢性肾病的防治工作。     

高通量血液透析对老年患者并发症的临床观察

研究高通量血液透析对老年透析患者常见并发症治疗的疗效.通过前瞻性试验研究,试验组为18例老年透析患者采用高通量血液透析,对照组为28例老年透析患者采用常规维持性血液透析.试验1年后分别测定顽固性高血压、症状性低血压、肌痉挛、心律失常、心绞痛及皮肤搔痒的发生率.结果试验组透析患者并发症明显缓解,对照组发生率明显上升(P＜0.05).因此,高通量血液透析可以明显降低透析相关并发症的发生,改善患者生活质量和生存质量.     

终末期肾病患者替代治疗方法的临床决策

血液透析、腹膜透析和肾移植是终末期肾病患者替代治疗的主要方法,三种治疗方法各有优缺点.临床上应根据患者原发病因、替代治疗并发症、卫生经济学、生存质量、所在地医疗条件、非医疗因素等作出科学临床决策,最大限度延长患者生命,提高生存质量.     

终末期肾病治疗方法的比较

终末期肾病是各种病因所致的慢性肾脏疾病的最终阶段.血液透析、腹膜透析和肾移植是目前临床上治疗终末期肾病的主要肾脏替代疗法,针对三者的优缺点,从治疗方式、疗效、费用等方面进行比较,研究结果显示肾移植的治疗效果在整体上优于CAPD和血液透析,持续性非卧床腹膜透析(CAPD)的治疗效果略优于血透,肾移植是成本-效果比最好的ESRD替代治疗方法.     

终末期肾病患者替代治疗方法的临床决策

血液透析、腹膜透析和肾移植是终末期肾病患者替代治疗的主要方法,三种治疗方法各有优缺点。临床上应根据患者原发病因、替代治疗并发症、卫生经济学、生存质量、所在地医疗条件、非医疗因素等作出科学临床决策,最大限度延长患者生命,提高生存质量。     

新农合制度调整前后豫北地区腹膜透析患者透析质量的比较

腹膜透析是终末期肾脏病的有效替代治疗方法之一。2012年4月,河南省对包括慢性肾衰竭在内的六种疾病的新农合报销比例做出重大调整,腹透患者主要经济花费的透析液报销比例由原来的40％提高至80％。通过研究新农合制度调整前后豫北地区腹膜透析患者的临床资料,报告了制度调整后的患者透析充分性提高,贫血、营养状况较前好转,心血管疾病发生率下降,生存质量改善的现况,论证了老龄、糖尿病、营养不良、心血管疾病、透析不充分、较低的医疗保险支付比例是影响腹膜透析患者预后的重要因素,为腹膜透析患者的预后分析提供了理论依据。     

肾内科腹透患者的血糖管理

腹膜透析是维持终末期肾脏病患者的主要治疗之一,我国透析患者中糖尿病肾病的比例在快速上升,如何管理进入透析阶段的糖尿病患者的血糖,特别是腹透患者的血糖是重要的临床问题。本文试图简述近年来国内外进展和共识,并结合临床实践,简述糖尿病肾病患者透析方式的选择、血糖控制的目标和胰岛素的用法。     

急诊死亡病例放弃治疗原因分析及临床实践

对本院急诊科2008年～2012年302例急诊死亡病例进行分析,通过比较分析放弃治疗死亡和非放弃治疗死亡2组患者的年龄、疾病分类、伴发病、费用类别等情况,探析放弃治疗原因及探讨在急诊临床工作中如何实施放弃治疗.本组放弃治疗的主要原因是患者为疾病无康复可能、终晚期的老人.在放弃治疗过程中医生要遵循一定的程序,反复评估病情,确定是否符合放弃治疗标准,并与家属充分沟通,尊重患者的各种权利,同时必须规范填写医疗文书.     

终末期肾病单病种付费方式患者满意度调查分析

本研究通过调查分析终末期肾病患者对当前单病种付费方式的满意度及影响因素,为医疗保险支付方式改革提供政策依据.研究采用典型抽样方法,对某市四家三级甲等医院257名透析治疗参保患者进行现场自填式问卷调查,调查结果显示,调查人员对终末期肾病单病种付费方式总体满意度为97.3％,对特约医疗机构的满意度高于对医疗保险政策的满意度.患者满意度的主要影响因素有治疗方式、文化程度和家庭收入.医疗保险部门应关注单病种付费政策的结算范围,增加医疗困难救助,加强对医护人员医疗保险政策的宣传,提高患者满意度.     

高血压脑出血微创治疗及手术时机的决策探讨

为了比较幕上高血压脑出血传统开颅与微创治疗的效果及其并发症,并对其手术时机进行探讨,对30例传统开颅组和104例微创治疗组进行对比研究.结果显示,术后6个月微创治疗组致残率及肺部感染发生率较传统开颅组明显为低(P<0.05);早期(8h～24h)手术死亡率较超早期(<8h)明显为低(P<0.05).因此,微创治疗能够有效降低高血压脑出血患者的致残率和术后并发症的发生率,其手术时机适宜选择在早期.     

Together – apart: in touch in a time of separation

This paper explores the experience of working as a Jungian analyst through the various phases of the global COVID-19 pandemic, examining the importance of the physical containing space alongside the analyst’s internal mind and how technology can both help and hinder understanding. A number of clinical vignettes illustrate the challenge of communicating over a distance, paying particular attention to the way countertransference phenomena can become re-attuned. Reference is made to mythology and symbols of hope, and consideration given to the meaning and purpose of the pandemic.     

Language,politics and dreams: the challenges of building resilience in refugees

This paper describes a case study of a 60-year-old Peruvian refugee in some detail, focusing on the importance of building emotional resilience in a patient in Spanish in order to create a space for learning the English language – the patient did not speak English after 20 years of living in Britain. The work was carried out with an interpreter and some of the literature on working with interpreters is referred to. The paper also briefly outlines the refugee journey in broad terms, which is a journey from the culturally known to the culturally unknown. The question of how well the literature on resilience, which sits firmly within a Western developmental perspective, can be applied to refugees, most of whom come from group and family-based cultures dominated by ideas of honour and shame, is discussed. The paper also touches on the importance of the receiving country enabling or not, as the case may be, a transitional space for refugees who have lost their home and are seeking to find a safe haven in a strange culture.     

Phenotypic plasticity and archetype: a response to common objections to the biological theory of archetype and instinct

Since Jung’s death in 1961, scholars have attempted to integrate growing biological science data into Jungian concepts such as the collective unconscious, instincts and the archetypes. This enterprise has been challenging due to persistent false dichotomies of gene and environment occasionally arising. Recent works by Roesler (2022a, 2022b) for example, have raised objections to the biological theory of archetypes, but the objections are plagued by such dichotomies. The concept of phenotypic plasticity, however, helps to both avoid this problem as well as bridge the gap between competing theories into a more integrated model with solid biological foundations.     

The Possibility of Meaning in Human Evolution

Science undermines the certitude of non-naturalistic answers to the question of whether human life has meaning. I explore whether evolution can provide a naturalistic basis for existential meaning. Using the work of philosopher Daniel Dennett and scientist Ursula Goodenough, I argue that evolution is the locus of the possibility of meaning because it has produced intentionality, the matrix of consciousness. I conclude that the question of the meaning of human life is an existentialist one: existential meaning is a product of the individual and collective tasks human beings undertake.     

When is it time to stop? When good enough becomes bad enough

This article draws on Winnicott’s concept of the good enough mother to discuss how to know whether a therapeutic situation is good enough to continue or bad enough to end. This dilemma is explored in terms of clinical syndromes, such as anorexia and pathological gambling, but focuses mainly on analyst-initiated endings, which are termed the ‘Casablanca dilemma’, based on an amplification of the ending of the film Casablanca. The author goes on to discuss such one-sided endings, drawing on interviews with 40 analysts and therapists about their clinical experience. A typology of bad enough endings is presented. The psychological differences between a good enough analysis as opposed to a bad enough one are explored through the ideas of Winnicott and Neumann.     

The transcendent function in Spitteler’s Prometheus and Epimetheus

In August 2020, John Beebe and Steve Myers met via Zoom to discuss their differing interpretations of psychological typology and the different sources within Jung’s writings that influenced their books: Integrity in Depth: Energies and Patterns in Psychological Type (Beebe), and Myers-Briggs Typology vs Jungian Individuation (Myers). The discussion centred on Spitteler’s epic poem Prometheus und Epimetheus, which forms the basis of chapter V of Psychological Types. This is both the largest chapter and one of two chapters that Jung highlighted in the Argentine foreword as containing the essence of the book. Jung’s book is primarily about the transformation of personality rather than the categorization of people. Although it contains a critical psychology that deconstructs the nature of consciousness, that is only one half of the book and a stepping-stone to the other half, which is the reconciliation of opposites with particular emphasis on the relation of consciousness and the unconscious. Jung assumed that readers were already familiar with Prometheus und Epimetheus, an understanding of which sheds light on the nature of the transformation that Jung described – the development of a new attitude towards attitude itself.     

Kann Es Ein Argument Für Den Skeptizismus Geben? Das Epistemische Problem Der Irrtumsmöglichkeit

Summary  Is there any argument for scepticism? The epistemic problem of the possibility of error. Arguments for scepticism rest on the assumption that knowledge claims are fallible. For this reason the concept of knowledge appears to be questionable. Since it is necessary to distinguish doubts from possible doubts, the arguments for scepticism appear to be unconvincing. If we take it into account that we know something that is immune to doubt, we should draw the conclusion that, contrary to scepticism, knowledge claims have to be compatible with being fallible. Thus any knowledge claim is capable of being doubted.     

Seeing in the Dark: A View into Dissociation and Healing

In this paper, I will explore the role of art-making, the experience of trauma and dissociation, and the process of working with self-states from an analytic and creative frame. Relevant literature on dissociation, trauma, and the use of art will be discussed. A case involving my work with an adolescent girl who had experienced sexual abuse from a family member will be shared, with an emphasis on the meaningful role images played during the therapeutic process. Both Jungian and psychoanalytic models of conceptualizing and working with dissociation are included, following Donald Kalsched’s (2013) recommendation for a “binocular stance” to treatment, including both a focus on the inner, intrapsychic world and the interpersonal, relational realm, and how art images both illuminated and expressed these realms. Within the therapeutic process, art images allowed the therapist a view into the client’s unconscious process, and created a meeting ground for dissociative barriers to be gradually seen, felt and known, by both therapist and client. The experience of dissociation, in images and in session, provided a reference point for myself and my client, Taylor, to develop a shared understanding and a framework for growth.     

Chapter 6: Biblical Foundations for a Practical Theology of Aging

SUMMARY

This article reviews Biblical sources pertaining to the elderly, particularly the frail elderly. Founded on these sources, implications for elderly with Alzheimer's Disease and other forms of dementia are addressed through a personal perspective informed by writings of Christian mystics.