关于工程伦理学的对象和范围的几个问题——三谈关于工程伦理学的若干问题

工程是一种独立的社会活动,这是工程伦理学存在的现实基础和学理前提。由于对“工程”的性质、对象和范围存在“广”“狭”两种不同理解,从而也就在工程伦理学的学科定位和学科发展方向上出现了两种理解和两种发展进路。中国学者在进行工程伦理学研究时,不但必须重视“狭义工程伦理学”进路的研究,而且应该更加重视“广义工程伦理学”进路的研究。在研究和分析工程伦理时,必须把伦理分析和其他纬度的分析结合起来,不但应该注意不同纬度之间的相互渗透问题,而且应该注意不同纬度之间的矛盾、冲突、排序和协调问题。     

西方女性主义伦理学研究综述

女性主义伦理学伴随着西方女权运动的深化,产生于最近三十年,其主要标志是卡罗尔·吉利根教授的《不同的声音——心理学理论与妇女发展》的出版.此后,女性主义伦理学渗透到社会的各个领域,如政治伦理、生态伦理、生命伦理、性伦理等领域,形成不同的交叉学科.作为女性主义伦理学的主要组成部分的关怀伦理学,一直备受女性主义伦理学家的关注.关于关怀伦理学,学术界比较有争议的几个问题有:性别与道德的关系、关怀与正义的关系、关怀伦理学的理论归属等.女性主义伦理学的出现为女性解放运动提供了理论上的支撑,同时,也为伦理学的研究提供了一种新的研究方法——性别分析法.但是,女性主义伦理学作为一种新兴学科,其在理论上和实践上仍然具有一定的局限性.     

工程伦理学研究的两个进路

由于人们对伦理学有不同的理解,对工程伦理学也有不同的理解。本文指出,首先需要确认工程的伦理性质。本文从工程的内在价值及其特点方面对这个问题进行了探讨,并且提出了研究工程伦理学的两个进路。     

微观、中观和宏观工程伦理问题——五谈工程伦理学

伦理学中存在着微观、中观和宏观三种不同"层次"或"尺度"的伦理问题.从微观、中观和宏观的相互联系、相互作用中认识和分析伦理问题有可能成为一种新的伦理学研究范式.伦理学研究者应该善于识别"三观"伦理问题,强化从"三观"互动中分析伦理问题的意识和能力.在工程伦理学中,工程共同体成员--工程师、投资者、管理者、工人、其他利益相关者--的"个体伦理"是微观伦理问题,有关企业、组织、制度、行业、项目等等的伦理问题是中观伦理问题,而宏观伦理则是指国家和全球尺度的伦理问题.微观、中观和宏观伦理问题既有性质、层次、范围上的区别,同时又相互渗透、相互纠缠、密切联系、相互作用.     

国际生命伦理学和伦理学相对主义

国际生命伦理学和伦理学相对主义美国威斯康星大学教授ＤａｎｉｅｌＷｉｋｌｅｒ国际生命伦理学会会长东亚生命伦理学学术会议（ＥＡＣＢ’９５）召集人邱教授和坂本教授邀请我谈谈伦理学和文化相对主义与国际生命伦理学的关系。这是一项困难的任务,一项超过我个人作为生...     

启新、拓新与创新——论生态伦理学对伦理学的贡献

构建和谐社会,必须弘扬生态伦理,繁荣生态伦理学。生态伦理学对伦理学的贡献功不可没,主要体现为：开辟了伦理学研究的新领域,确立了处理人与自然关系的新原则,培育了人对自然的新态度,对传统思想展开了新的系统批判,明确了人类在自然生活中扮演的新角色,对伦理学基本观念进行了新阐释,制定了人类行为新规范。     

医学伦理学‘97综述

医学伦理学’９７综述北京医科大学医学伦理学教研室（１０００８３）丛亚丽１９９７年,医学伦理学领域发生了许多事情,最引人注目的是对“克隆人”问题的伦理讨论,另外,医助自杀是美国对安乐死问题的热门话题,胚胎的地位和科研问题、医学伦理学理论的探讨及医学伦理...     

人才伦理学刍议

人才伦理是使人才之所以成为人才的各种伦理要素的总和;人才伦理既是人力资源管理理论的重要内容,也是伦理学特别是人才伦理学的研究对象。人才伦理学的内容主要包括以下五个方面：德与才的关系、人才的道德素质、人才的道德标准、人才的道德环境、人才的道德作用。德与才的关系是人才伦理学所要处理的基本关系,“德才兼备”是人才伦理学的核心范畴。提高人才的道德素质,是人才伦理学所确立的最高目标。人才伦理研究要揭示各类人才在道德要求和道德素质上的共同性和特殊性,为新世纪新阶段我国人才培养工作确立新的人才伦理原则和道德标准。     

论当代生命伦理学与人权

生命伦理学面临诸多的伦理问题,其中最为凸显的是人权困境,生命伦理学与人权有着内在的本质联系和契合点,人权是生命伦理的核心和生长点,人权的基本理论和原则使生命伦理学的存在与发展成为可能,并且成为活生生的伦理现实。生命伦理学饱含丰富的人权意蕴,成为人权理论合理性的印证。要科学审视当代生命伦理学和人权关系,化解人权困境,推动生命伦理学的发展。     

清华大学伦理学博士点简介

清华大学哲学系始建于1926年,是我国最早的现代型大学哲学系之一。新清华哲学系复建于2000年,伦理学是其最早的学科博士点,建于2002年。2000年5月,清华哲学系复建伊始即建立伦理学硕士点,两年后建立伦理学博士点,目前有教授和博士生导师5人,他们是：万俊人（伦理学原理、西方伦理学、比较伦理学）、卢凤（伦理学原理、应用伦理、西方伦理学）、王晓朝（宗教伦理）、肖巍（应用伦理、女性主义伦理学）和贝淡宁（英文原名Daniel．A．Bell,西方伦理学、政治伦理）;     

The development of computer ethics: Contributions from business ethics and medical ethics

In this essay, we demonstrate that the field of computer ethics shares many core similarities with two other areas of applied ethics, Academicians writing and teaching in the area of computer ethics, along with practitioners, must address ethical issues that are qualitatively similar in nature to those raised in medicine and business. In addition, as academic disciplines, these three fields also share some similar concerns. For example, all face the difficult challenge of maintaining a credible dialogue with diverse constituents such as academicians of various disciplines, professionals, policymakers, and the general public, Given these similarities, the fields of bioethics and business ethics can serve as useful models for the development of computer ethics. A version of this paper was presented at ETHICOMP98, the Fourth International Conference on Ethical Issues of Information Technology, March 25–27, 1998, Erasmus University, the Netherlands. Kenman Wong, Ph.D., is an Associate Professor of Business Ethics; Gerhard Steinke, Ph.D., is Professor of Management and Information Systems. Both authors are at Seattle Pacific University's School of Business and Economics.     

Metasemantic ethics

The idea that experts (especially scientific experts) play a privileged role in determining the meanings of our words and the contents of our concepts has become commonplace since the work of Hilary Putnam, Tyler Burge, and others in the 1970s. But if experts have the power to determine what our words mean, they can do so responsibly or irresponsibly, from good motivations or bad, justly or unjustly, with good or bad effects. This paper distinguishes three families of metasemantic views based on their attitudes towards bad behaviour by meaning-fixing experts, and draws a series of distinctions relevant for the normative evaluation of meaning-determining actions.     

The ethics of complexity and the complexity of ethics

Abstract

In this paper, we investigate the implications that a general view of complexity - i.e. the view that complex phenomena are irreducible - hold for our understanding of ethics. In this view, ethics should be conceived of as constitutive of knowledge and identity, rather than as a normative system that dictates right action. Using this understanding, we elaborate on the ethics of complexity and the complexity of ethics. Whilst the former concerns the nature and the status of our modelling choices, the latter denotes a contingent and recursive understanding of ethics. Although the complexity of ethics cannot be captured in a substantive normative model, we argue that this view of ethics nevertheless commits one to, what we term, ‘the provisional imperative’. Like Kant’s categorical imperative, the provisional imperative is sub-stantively-empty; however, unlike Kant’s imperative, our imperative cannot be used to generate universal ethical principles. As such, the provisional imperative simultaneously demands that we must be guided by it, whilst drawing attention to the exclusionary nature of all imperatives. We further argue that the provisional imperative urges us to adopt a certain attitude with regard to ethical decision-making, and that this attitude is supported and nurtured by provisionality, transgressivity, irony, and imagination.     

Business ethics and computer ethics: The view from Poland

An Aristotelian approach to understanding and teaching business ethics is presented and defended. The newly emerging field of computer ethics is also defined in an Aristotelian fashion, and an argument is made that this new field should be called “information ethics”. It is argued that values have their roots in the life and practices of a community; therefore, morality cannot be taught by training for a special way of reasoning. Transmission of values and norms occurs through socialization — the process by which an individual absorbs not only values but also the whole way of life of his or her community. It follows that business ethics and information ethics can be considered kinds of socialization into a profession: role learning and acquiring a new self-identification. This way of understanding fields of applied ethics is especially important for their proper development in Central-Eastern Europe because of endemic factors which are the result of recent political developments there.