德里达“声音”概念的起源

本文通过德里达早期文本与胡塞尔现象学文献的互文性运动 ,对德理达“声音”概念和“声音中心主义”的生成理路作了梳理 ,并从现象学和解构学自身的逻辑出发对德理达声音中心论提出了批评     

两种意义理论之比较——从胡塞尔与弗雷格的意义理论谈起

分析哲学与现象学对西方哲学影响深远,同时又是几乎"互不相干"的两大哲学运动,然而饶有兴趣的是,它们都是从语言分析开始,通过对语言表达式的分析确立意义范畴,并围绕意义问题构建各自的哲学体系的.弗雷格和胡塞尔是德国同时代的思想巨人,分别被尊为语言哲学和现象学的创始人.弗雷格开创了意义分析的先河,在他思想的影响下,意义问题继而成为分析哲学探讨的核心问题;与此同时,意义理论也构成了胡塞尔现象学不容忽视的重要环节.     

弥赛亚的希望与新技术的未来

德里达的名著《马克思的幽灵们》于20世纪90年代初出版后,便在东西方世界引起了巨大的反响。而其中译本在国内的面世,更引发了国内学者对德里达思想及其解构哲学与马克思主义关系的探讨。迄今为止,国内已刊发的研究论文已为数不少,但主要关注点大都聚集于德里达“幽灵”概念的把握及其与马克思的关系。本文不揣陋见,试图从现代科技与社会的关系出发来对《马克思的幽灵们》所蕴涵的哲学价值做一探讨,期望达至对德里达思想的深度把握。不可否认,现代科学技术在德里达的思想中并不占据突出的地位。至少,德里达并没有像哈贝马斯那样喊出“作为意…     

现象学伦理学对于我们为什么如此重要？

“现象学伦理学”本质上并非独立于“意识现象学”的现象学分支,而是现象学自身的内在发展与完成,构成现象学运动的灵魂与旨归。“伦理现象学”实际上伴随着“现象学运动”的始终,因此,它绝非胡塞尔“回到生活世界”之后的产物,更准确地说,它是驱使胡塞尔从意识现象学回到生活世界的指引。没有伦理意识,胡塞尔不可能提出拯救欧洲科学危机的现象学之任务。在伦理学上,胡塞尔的独创性贡献在于,他不仅在价值论的基础上创立了意志现象学,而且运用先验的“发生现象学方法”创立了人格伦理现象学。伦理现象学成为20世纪70年代之前西方主流的伦理学运动。70年代之后实践哲学的复兴与伦理现象学密切相关,哲学一方面转向政治哲学,以正义伦理为核心,一方面转向应用伦理学,而应用伦理学早期的主将也无非就是深受现象学熏陶的存在论现象学的学生们。现象学伦理学的重要性不仅表现为它真正构造了20世纪的时代精神,而且真正成为了生命的内在意向和意志的展开与升华,这才是我们这个时代如此需要现象学的价值伦理学的最为根本的理由。     

德里达对“诗与哲学之争”的解构

“诗与哲学之争”是西方历史上的一个古老话题,也是贯穿整个西方历史的一个永恒话题,而德里达则对“诗与哲学之争”这一命题进行了解构,他从解构“逻各斯中心主义”的目的出发,通过对隐喻和哲学之关系的分析入手,解构了西方“诗与哲学的论争”这一命题,实现了哲学与文学的融合,并通过对“补充”概念的哲学内涵的挖掘,进而解构了“逻各斯中心主义”的思维方式。     

思辨现象学与实践现象学--从现象学视角诠释马克思哲学

马克思哲学与康德、黑格尔、胡塞尔等的思辨现象学思想的互释表明:思辨现象学有一种自我超越和回归实践的倾向,但在现实意义上却没有实现这种指归;思辨现象学在纲领、直观、世界、实践等方面脱离了对现实问题的关注,学理式地指向哲学逻辑的根据;而马克思哲学则通过实践还原与实践直观对哲学逻辑的前提发问的根本转换而扬弃了思辨现象学的缺陷,赋予现象学以现实的存在学和历史学的纬度,确立了一种逻辑在先意义上的、具有本真“同一性”的科学实践现象学思想。     

西方海德格尔研究述评(二)

四、分析哲学的批评尽管海德格尔思想源于解释学和现象学 ,但是当它试图更本源地思考解释学和现象学的时候 ,它就和一般的解释学和现象学开始分离 ,继而疏远 ,最终放弃。于是一般的解释学和现象学的视角不能通达海德格尔的思想核心问题。至于分析哲学则放弃了这种通达的试图 ,它的目的是要借助语言分析来揭露海德格尔思想中的形而上学的语言表达式 ,即语言的误用。赖尔、卡尔纳普、维特根斯坦、图根哈特和罗蒂等人分别从不同的角度解读了海德格尔。赖尔发现理解“存在与时间”是困难的〔1〕。因为海德格尔和分析哲学所使用的语言是两种根本…     

实存哲学与概念哲学的殊途同归——走向一种物质现象学

流派纷呈的20世纪法国哲学可以被归结为实存哲学和概念哲学两大家系,进而可以归类为实存论现象学和概念论现象学.同一家系内部存在着诸多分歧,而两个家系之间存在着错综复杂的关联.它们最共同的特征是否定先验观念主义和先验主体性.从20世纪60年代以来,它们都越来越突出身体和语言的物质性,以各不相同但又不无交叉的方式通向了物质现象学.列维纳斯和利科已经走在通向物质现象学的途中,而福柯、德里达、亨利和马里翁是物质现象学的典型代表.     

切中、形式指引与诞生状态--论现象学语境下秩序想象的哲学策略

现象学的一个明显特征在于对传统身－心问题的系统回应，而重塑秩序的任务吁求刷新相应的哲学策略与方法。在现象学语境下，这一关于秩序想象的哲学调节呈现出一条明显的脉络：从胡塞尔力图对意识活动与意识对象之间“切中”关系的阐明，系统化为海德格尔对日常经验之“形式指引”的存在论分析，并在梅洛－庞蒂那里深化为对“诞生状态”的结构－知觉秩序的详细刻画。重要之处在于，贯穿于现象学秩序想象的一个核心操作在于对标识为“开端”的秩序形式给予哲学的检视与规定。     

笛卡尔与现象学

笛卡尔是现代哲学的开创者。但自现象学创立,现象学家对笛卡尔的态度一直模棱两可。胡塞尔寻求现象学的笛卡尔血统,却又将后者的学说归结为"超越论实在论"加以拒斥;海德格尔批评笛卡尔未讨论我在的存在样式,却又在对存在论历史的拆解中依赖笛卡尔。为厘清笛卡尔与现象学的关系,我们必须从笛卡尔本身出发,追问现象学是否重拾了其思想环节。本文认为,笛卡尔与现象学具有亲缘性,这表现在:1.笛卡尔思想的出发点既非胡塞尔认为的怀疑,也非海德格尔认为的我在,而在于他已经实行了向现象性的还原;2.他已将思想本身理解为行为,开始了经由决定而思的哲学;3.思想的决定既决定怀疑,也决定接受真理的明见性。这已表明现象的自身显示,也需经由自我的意愿。     

Together – apart: in touch in a time of separation

This paper explores the experience of working as a Jungian analyst through the various phases of the global COVID-19 pandemic, examining the importance of the physical containing space alongside the analyst’s internal mind and how technology can both help and hinder understanding. A number of clinical vignettes illustrate the challenge of communicating over a distance, paying particular attention to the way countertransference phenomena can become re-attuned. Reference is made to mythology and symbols of hope, and consideration given to the meaning and purpose of the pandemic.     

Language,politics and dreams: the challenges of building resilience in refugees

This paper describes a case study of a 60-year-old Peruvian refugee in some detail, focusing on the importance of building emotional resilience in a patient in Spanish in order to create a space for learning the English language – the patient did not speak English after 20 years of living in Britain. The work was carried out with an interpreter and some of the literature on working with interpreters is referred to. The paper also briefly outlines the refugee journey in broad terms, which is a journey from the culturally known to the culturally unknown. The question of how well the literature on resilience, which sits firmly within a Western developmental perspective, can be applied to refugees, most of whom come from group and family-based cultures dominated by ideas of honour and shame, is discussed. The paper also touches on the importance of the receiving country enabling or not, as the case may be, a transitional space for refugees who have lost their home and are seeking to find a safe haven in a strange culture.     

Phenotypic plasticity and archetype: a response to common objections to the biological theory of archetype and instinct

Since Jung’s death in 1961, scholars have attempted to integrate growing biological science data into Jungian concepts such as the collective unconscious, instincts and the archetypes. This enterprise has been challenging due to persistent false dichotomies of gene and environment occasionally arising. Recent works by Roesler (2022a, 2022b) for example, have raised objections to the biological theory of archetypes, but the objections are plagued by such dichotomies. The concept of phenotypic plasticity, however, helps to both avoid this problem as well as bridge the gap between competing theories into a more integrated model with solid biological foundations.     

The Possibility of Meaning in Human Evolution

Science undermines the certitude of non-naturalistic answers to the question of whether human life has meaning. I explore whether evolution can provide a naturalistic basis for existential meaning. Using the work of philosopher Daniel Dennett and scientist Ursula Goodenough, I argue that evolution is the locus of the possibility of meaning because it has produced intentionality, the matrix of consciousness. I conclude that the question of the meaning of human life is an existentialist one: existential meaning is a product of the individual and collective tasks human beings undertake.     

When is it time to stop? When good enough becomes bad enough

This article draws on Winnicott’s concept of the good enough mother to discuss how to know whether a therapeutic situation is good enough to continue or bad enough to end. This dilemma is explored in terms of clinical syndromes, such as anorexia and pathological gambling, but focuses mainly on analyst-initiated endings, which are termed the ‘Casablanca dilemma’, based on an amplification of the ending of the film Casablanca. The author goes on to discuss such one-sided endings, drawing on interviews with 40 analysts and therapists about their clinical experience. A typology of bad enough endings is presented. The psychological differences between a good enough analysis as opposed to a bad enough one are explored through the ideas of Winnicott and Neumann.     

Seeing in the Dark: A View into Dissociation and Healing

In this paper, I will explore the role of art-making, the experience of trauma and dissociation, and the process of working with self-states from an analytic and creative frame. Relevant literature on dissociation, trauma, and the use of art will be discussed. A case involving my work with an adolescent girl who had experienced sexual abuse from a family member will be shared, with an emphasis on the meaningful role images played during the therapeutic process. Both Jungian and psychoanalytic models of conceptualizing and working with dissociation are included, following Donald Kalsched’s (2013) recommendation for a “binocular stance” to treatment, including both a focus on the inner, intrapsychic world and the interpersonal, relational realm, and how art images both illuminated and expressed these realms. Within the therapeutic process, art images allowed the therapist a view into the client’s unconscious process, and created a meeting ground for dissociative barriers to be gradually seen, felt and known, by both therapist and client. The experience of dissociation, in images and in session, provided a reference point for myself and my client, Taylor, to develop a shared understanding and a framework for growth.     

The transcendent function in Spitteler’s Prometheus and Epimetheus

In August 2020, John Beebe and Steve Myers met via Zoom to discuss their differing interpretations of psychological typology and the different sources within Jung’s writings that influenced their books: Integrity in Depth: Energies and Patterns in Psychological Type (Beebe), and Myers-Briggs Typology vs Jungian Individuation (Myers). The discussion centred on Spitteler’s epic poem Prometheus und Epimetheus, which forms the basis of chapter V of Psychological Types. This is both the largest chapter and one of two chapters that Jung highlighted in the Argentine foreword as containing the essence of the book. Jung’s book is primarily about the transformation of personality rather than the categorization of people. Although it contains a critical psychology that deconstructs the nature of consciousness, that is only one half of the book and a stepping-stone to the other half, which is the reconciliation of opposites with particular emphasis on the relation of consciousness and the unconscious. Jung assumed that readers were already familiar with Prometheus und Epimetheus, an understanding of which sheds light on the nature of the transformation that Jung described – the development of a new attitude towards attitude itself.     

Kann Es Ein Argument Für Den Skeptizismus Geben? Das Epistemische Problem Der Irrtumsmöglichkeit

Summary  Is there any argument for scepticism? The epistemic problem of the possibility of error. Arguments for scepticism rest on the assumption that knowledge claims are fallible. For this reason the concept of knowledge appears to be questionable. Since it is necessary to distinguish doubts from possible doubts, the arguments for scepticism appear to be unconvincing. If we take it into account that we know something that is immune to doubt, we should draw the conclusion that, contrary to scepticism, knowledge claims have to be compatible with being fallible. Thus any knowledge claim is capable of being doubted.     

Chapter 6: Biblical Foundations for a Practical Theology of Aging

SUMMARY

This article reviews Biblical sources pertaining to the elderly, particularly the frail elderly. Founded on these sources, implications for elderly with Alzheimer's Disease and other forms of dementia are addressed through a personal perspective informed by writings of Christian mystics.