内隐品质/外貌自我概念对内隐自尊的预测—性别的调节作用

已有研究发现品质/外貌自我评价与外显自尊密切相关且受性别的调节，而内隐品质/外貌自我概念是否与内隐自尊相关以及其中的性别差异尚不明确。本研究采用多因素特质内隐联想测验（MFT-IAT）及内隐联想测验（IAT）测量被试的内隐品质/外貌自我概念以及内隐自尊，结果发现在内隐自我概念里，男性将品质与自我联系更紧密而女性将外貌与自我联结更紧密；内隐品质/外貌自我概念对内隐自尊的预测作用受性别的调节，在男性中内隐积极品质与自我联结越紧密其内隐自尊水平越高，而女性中内隐积极外貌与自我联结越紧密其内隐自尊水平越高。     

处境不利学生的内隐、外显自我概念及其与社会支持的关系

本研究考察了135名处境不利学生及普通学生的内隐、外显自我概念。结果表明:(1)学业不良、同伴关系不良等处境不利学生的外显自我概念水平总体上低于普通学生,该现象在初中阶段更为显著;(2)学业不良、同伴关系不良等处境不利学生在初中阶段表现出比普通学生和贫困学生更显著的自我概念内隐效应;(3)学业不良、同伴关系不良等处境不利学生在初中阶段表现出比普通学生更显著的内隐、外显的自我概念的分离;(4)处境不利学生主观感受的某些社会支持维度对其外显、内隐自我概念分别有不同程度的回归效应。     

自我概念对主观幸福感预测的内隐社会认知研究

从内隐社会认知的观点出发研究自我概念和主观幸福感的结构,并在此基础上探讨自我概念对主观幸福感的影响,得到以下结论:在中国大学生样本中(1)自我概念是双重的,存在外显自我和内隐自我两种成分;(2)主观幸福感结构是双重的,存在外显幸福感和内隐幸福感两种成分;(3)自我概念对主观幸福感的预测模型为:外显自我预测外显幸福感,内隐自我预测内隐幸福感。     

大学生性别自我概念的结构

同时运用外显的自陈式量表和自行设计的内隐联想测验来研究大学生的性别自我概念 ,结果表明 :(1)运用内隐联想测验来测量内隐性别自我概念是可靠、有效、敏感的 ;(2 )在性别自我概念的内隐层面上 ,性别差异十分显著 ;在性别自我概念的外显层面上 ,除了女性正性量表外 ,其他量表上均未表现出显著的差异。 (3)性别自我概念是一个双重的结构 :包括一个内隐的性别自我概念和一个外显的性别自我概念 ,前者是一个一维的未分化的结构 ,后者是一个两维的结构 ,并且二者相对独立     

外显自尊、内隐自尊及其分离对建议采纳的影响

研究探讨了外显自尊和内隐自尊及其分离对建议采纳的影响。研究1通过测量的方式来探讨外显自尊、内隐自尊以及自尊分离对建议采纳的影响; 研究2通过启动高内隐自尊, 进一步验证自尊分离对建议采纳的影响; 研究3通过加入自我概念清晰性的测量, 考察自我概念清晰性是否中介了自尊分离对建议采纳的关系。运用回归分析、Bootstrap等方法对数据进行处理, 结果显示, 外显自尊与建议采纳成负相关, 内隐自尊与建议采纳的相关不显著; 自尊分离时, 建议采纳程度越高, 这种现象在低外显/高内隐的自尊种类下更显著; 而自我概念清晰性部分中介了自尊分离对建议采纳的影响。     

内隐自卑的实证初探

分别对大、中、小学生被试进行IAT、EB、CFII测量,以探索是否存在内隐自卑.结果表明,大、中、小学生的三种测量都表现出显著的内隐自卑效应,备年龄学生都存在内隐自卑.     

心理疾病内隐污名：来自单类内隐联想测验的证据

以61名大学生为被试,采用三个独立的单类内隐联想测验（SC-IAT）考察心理疾病内隐污名的构成及其内隐效应。结果发现：（1）在认知评价、情感反应、行为倾向及其三者合并的4个SC-IATs中,被试在相容任务上的反应时均显著快于不相容任务;（2）总的SC-IAT和三个独立SC-IAT的内隐效应显著;（3）65.27%的被试的内隐效应值大于0,表现出对心理疾病患者负面的内隐态度;（4）研究采用的心理疾病内隐污名SC-IAT具有较好的信、效度指标。研究表明,被试倾向于将心理疾病与消极词联结在一起,心理疾病污名的内隐效应显著;心理疾病内隐污名包括自动化的负面认知、消极情感反应和歧视倾向。     

内隐自尊效应及内隐自尊与外显自尊的关系

研究运用内隐联想测验对内隐自尊进行了研究和测量,同时还运用结构方程建模对外显自尊和内隐自尊的结构关系进行了研究,结果表明：(1)东方文化下内隐自尊是存在的,个体无意识中对自我持有一种积极的评价,但强度不如西方个体。(2)内隐自尊与外显自尊是相对独立的两个不同的结构,二者间仅存在低的正相关。     

大学生决策的内隐偏向研究

分别运用外显的描述性范式和内隐联结测验两种方法对决策的比率偏好及其特性进行了考察,结果表明:(1)外显决策受到效价类型的影响,负效价情景下的比率偏好现象明显降低;(2)被试存在内隐比率偏好效应,这种偏好影响着被试对决策的认知和解释,具有一定的稳定性;(3)运用内隐联结测验来测量内隐比率偏好是有效、敏感的。(4)外显比率偏好与内隐比率偏好涉及决策的不同结构。     

刻板印象的内隐效应与内一外群体效应的实验研究

采用间接测量方法分别探讨刻板印象的内隐效应与内一外群体效应。实验结果表明 :( 1)内隐刻板印象是存在的 ,并且在很大程度上是一种无意识内隐影响的表现 ;( 2 )刻板印象是一个自动化的过程 ;( 3)刻板印象表现出强烈的“内一外群体效应”     

Implicit Religion

Implicit Religion: the Journal of the Centre for the Study of Implicit Religion and Contemporary Spirituality began publication in 1998, but the formal study of Implicit Religion began just thirty years before, in 1968. Its study concentrates upon those aspects of everyday life, the understanding of which may be enhanced if we ask whether they might have, within them, some sort of inherent religiosity of their own. While many other terms, and many other journals, have some degree of overlap with this area of interest, now, it is thought that this Journal is unique in its consistent study of the non-reductionist theory and empirical manifestations of (what might be termed) “secular faith.”     

Implicit ruminations

Various points of agreement and disagreement with the two target papers are indicated. Support is voiced for Dienes and Berry’s (1997) argument that the implicit-explicit dissociation should be determined by invoking subjective criteria and for Neal and Hesketh’s (1997) outlining of the problems associated with the very concept of consciousness. However, criticisms are offered for Neal and Hesketh’s proffered solution to that problem and their unhappy decision not to include the transfer literature, and for the failure of the authors of both papers to recognize the importance of neurocognitive evidence.     

Implicit synthesis

In this reply to Neal and Hesketh and to the commentators, we argue that implicit knowledge is partly abstract and can be usefully defined by the criteria of both metaknowledge and intentional control. We suggest that the pattern of dissociations supports a claim of separate implicit and explicit learning modes. According to our characterization, implicit learning leads to knowledge that is not automatically represented as knowledge by the learning process; instead, the presence of knowledge has to be inferred by the subject (partial explicitation) if metaknowledge is gained at all. During explicit learning, knowledge is automatically labeled as knowledge by the learning process, so that metaknowledge comes immediately and to the fullest extent. Finally, we suggest that implicit knowledge may to some degree apply regardless of intention.     

Implicit learning

Implicit learning appears to be a fundamental and ubiquitous process in cognition. Although defining and operationalizingimplicit learning remains a central theoretical challenge, scientists' understanding of implicit learning has progressed significantly. Beyond establishing the existence of "learning without awareness," current research seeks to identify the cognitive processes that support implicit learning and addresses the relationship between learning and awareness of what was learned. The emerging view of implicit learning emphasizes the role of associative learning mechanisms that exploit statistical dependencies in the environment in order to generate highly specific knowledge representations.     

内隐记忆和内隐学习的整合研究趋向

内隐记忆和内隐学习代表了人类学习与记忆的无意识机制,它们打开了理解人类无意识奥妙的大门。从内隐记忆和内隐学习的诞生与实验室发展来看,二者似乎长期以来处在相对独立的位置。然而,随着研究的不断深入,走向整合已经成为不可抑制的趋向。该文旨在结合内隐记忆和内隐学习的定义、经验类似性、理论框架和实验研究等方面的证据,论述它们的整合必要以及已有的整合途径,促进研究对学习和记忆的无意识过程的全面把握     

Reducing Implicit Prejudice

Implicit prejudices are social preferences that exist outside of conscious awareness or control. In this review, we summarize evidence for three mechanisms that influence the expression of implicit prejudice: associative change, contextual change, and change in control over implicit prejudice. We then review the evidence (or lack thereof) for answers to five open issues in implicit prejudice reduction research: (1) what shows effectiveness in real‐world application; (2) what doesn't work for implicit prejudice reduction; (3) what interventions produce long‐term changes in implicit prejudice; (4) measurement diversity in implicit prejudice reduction research; and (5) the relationship between implicit prejudice and behavior. Addressing these issues provides an agenda for clarifying the conditions and implications of reducing implicit prejudice.     

Implicit working memory

Working Memory (WM) plays a crucial role in many high-level cognitive processes (e.g., reasoning, decision making, goal pursuit and cognitive control). The prevalent view holds that active components of WM are predominantly intentional and conscious. This conception is oftentimes expressed explicitly, but it is best reflected in the nature of major WM tasks: All of them are blatantly explicit. We developed two new WM paradigms that allow for an examination of the role of conscious awareness in WM. Results from five studies show that WM can operate unintentionally and outside of conscious awareness, thus suggesting that the current view should be expanded to include implicit WM.     

Implicit ontological commitment

Quine’s general approach is to treat ontology as a matter of what a theory says there is. This turns ontology into a question of which existential statements are consequences of that theory. This approach is contrasted favourably with the view that takes ontological commitment as a relation to things. However within the broadly Quinean approach we can distinguish different accounts, differing as to the nature of the consequence relation best suited for determining those consequences. It is suggested that Quine’s own narrowly formal account fails. Then a consideration of the necessitation approach championed by Jackson and Lewis shows that it does not do justice to the role of acknowledging consequences in determining rationality. I suggest that an approach which puts a priori consequence as the key relation does a better job. The task of spelling out the nature of a priori consequence is sketched, along with reasons to doubt the adequacy of the double indexing approach to analysing the a priori. The sorts of relations we can stand in to theories which allow us to inherit ontological commitments are touched on with a number of important philosophical strategies for introducing belief-like attitudes which nevertheless avoid ontological commitment.

论内隐认知

人的认知活动是意识过程和无意识过程的统一,该文论证了内隐认知过程的存在性、普遍性、有效性,相对独立性,并就内隐与外显认知过程的关系及其在认识中的作用做了分析和评价。