心血管药物相互作用与细胞色素P450酶关系的探讨

细胞色素P450(cytochrome P450,CYP450)酶系,是人体中与药物代谢密切相关的重要酶系之一,90%以上的药物的氧化是由P450酶催化的.多药合用对机体P450酶的影响,能造成临床上显著的药物相互作用.基于P450独特的功能和特点,可以预测、控制药物的相互作用,并可能解释某患者对特定治疗方案的反应.该文从细胞色素P450分类及其各自的催化特点,心血管药物相互作用与细胞色素P450酶的关系方面进行探讨,为指导临床安全、合理的用药,增加患者依从性提供参考.     

非小细胞肺癌靶向药物治疗争论热点

非小细胞肺癌作为全球和我国发病率最高、死亡人数最多的恶性肿瘤,其药物治疗始终是临床肿瘤学界高度关注的焦点之一.肿瘤的药物治疗模式从单纯以细胞毒药物杀伤肿瘤逐步向调节信号传导通路转变,分子靶向药物日益成为治疗肿瘤的重要武器.回顾肺癌靶向治疗的进展,诸多问题需要解决.     

三种药物对糖尿病患者血清诱导内皮损伤的保护效应比较

利用银杏叶提取物(GBE)、银杏内酯B(GB)以及阿托伐他汀(AT)分别对糖尿病患者血清(DS)损伤的人脐静脉内皮细胞(HUVECs)进行干预,干预30min、3h以及3d后,测定细胞存活率,上清液中测定乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、丙二醛(MDA)以及一氧化氮(NO)的含量.三种药物均能增加细胞存活率;MDA和LDH水平,组别与干预时间有交互作用(P＜0.05);药物干预组NO水平较DS组显著升高(P＜0.05),以GBE为著.可见,DS可通过氧化应激损伤内皮细胞;三种药物均能减轻这种损伤,GBE的效果优于GB和AT.     

尼可地尔与前列地尔预处理对大鼠心肌缺血再灌注的影响

研究尼可地尔、前列地尔及两药物联合应用预处理对心肌缺血再灌注中的影响,探究其作用机制.采用Tunel法检测心肌组织的凋亡情况,免疫组化法检测Bax、Bcl-2和caspase-3的蛋白表达情况.结果显示尼可地尔和前列地尔半剂量联合组细胞凋亡数、Bax和caspase-3的表达量均明显低于其他给药组(P＜0.05),Bcl-2的表达量明显高于其他给药组(P＜0.05);尼可地尔和前列地尔单给药组细胞凋亡、Bax、caspase-3表达均有降低,Bcl-2表达升高,但效果不及联合用药半剂量组.以此得出结论尼可地尔和前列地尔的联合用药效果较好,可加强对心肌的保护作用.     

急性重症胰腺炎的抗生素治疗策略

继发性感染是导致急性重症胰腺炎(severe acute pancreatitis,SAP)高病死率最重要的因素.继发感染的微生物多为革兰阴性菌.选用抗菌药物需兼顾病原菌敏感性及抗菌药物穿透血胰屏障能力,合理选择用药方式;对于CT证实有胰腺坏死的急性重症胰腺炎,可预防性使用抗生素;氟康唑可作为经验性抗真菌治疗的首选药物.     

非小细胞肺癌靶向治疗的前途与困惑

靶向治疗是运用抗肿瘤药物靶向性与肿瘤的不同特异性住点结合发生作用从而抑制肿瘤细胞生长的一种治疗手段.针对恶性肿瘤中的非小细胞肺癌,其在临床中取得了一定成效.然而,其中仍存在很多问题.本文针对吉非替尼在非小细胞肺癌中的运用,及其优点和所面临的问题,阐述如何应对完善靶向治疗的挑战.     

肿瘤个体化药物治疗研究探讨

肿瘤个体化药物治疗可提高治疗疗效,避免药物的毒副作用和医疗资源的浪费.影响肿瘤药物治疗疗效有多方面因素,主要与肿瘤本身的生物学特性和肿瘤患者个体生物学特性有关.通过对这些特性的研究,可获得用于指导肿瘤个体化药物治疗客观检测指标.     

胃肠道肿瘤的分子靶向治疗:未来的方向?

分子靶向治疗是这几年来消化道肿瘤治疗领域的热门话题.这类新一代的分子靶向生物治疗模式,将在临床治疗肿瘤实践中具有广阔的应用前景.从事肿瘤研究的临床医务人员需要综合归纳这些信息,融汇入自己的认知将之合理应用于患者.我们将真正进入传统的细胞毒性药物攻击与非细胞毒性靶向性药物相结合使用的时代,真正实现延长患者的生命,改善其生活质量的目标.     

血红素氧合酶-1与动脉粥样硬化和高血压的关系

血红素氧合酶-1（HO-1）是血红素分解的起始酶和限速酶,它分解血红素最终生成胆红素、一氧化碳和铁.这三种产物通过抗炎症损伤、抗氧化应激、抗细胞增殖、抗细胞凋亡、抑制血小板聚集、调节血管张力及细胞内信号传递等途径对心血管系统起着重要的保护作用.研究显示,HO的诱导剂及多种能降低心血管病风险的药物能诱导 HO-1表达增加,从而起到抗动脉粥样硬化的发生发展及调节血压的作用.因此开发临床可应用的HO诱导剂,甚至开发HO的基因治疗方法是目前研究的方向.     

胰腺癌细胞CAR受体表达与5型腺病毒转导效率的关系

本研究通过体外、体内实验探讨了不同生物特性的胰腺癌细胞系细胞表面柯萨奇腺病毒受体(CAR)表达与Ad-GFP转导效率的关系.结果发现,不同细胞的CAR表达水平不同,细胞CAR表达水平与Ad-GFP转导效率明显呈正相关.因此,胰腺癌患者治疗前检测组织CAR表达水平有助于规范腺病毒载体的基因治疗药物的个体化使用,有利于提高疗效,减少病毒的副作用.     

Language,politics and dreams: the challenges of building resilience in refugees

This paper describes a case study of a 60-year-old Peruvian refugee in some detail, focusing on the importance of building emotional resilience in a patient in Spanish in order to create a space for learning the English language – the patient did not speak English after 20 years of living in Britain. The work was carried out with an interpreter and some of the literature on working with interpreters is referred to. The paper also briefly outlines the refugee journey in broad terms, which is a journey from the culturally known to the culturally unknown. The question of how well the literature on resilience, which sits firmly within a Western developmental perspective, can be applied to refugees, most of whom come from group and family-based cultures dominated by ideas of honour and shame, is discussed. The paper also touches on the importance of the receiving country enabling or not, as the case may be, a transitional space for refugees who have lost their home and are seeking to find a safe haven in a strange culture.     

Together – apart: in touch in a time of separation

This paper explores the experience of working as a Jungian analyst through the various phases of the global COVID-19 pandemic, examining the importance of the physical containing space alongside the analyst’s internal mind and how technology can both help and hinder understanding. A number of clinical vignettes illustrate the challenge of communicating over a distance, paying particular attention to the way countertransference phenomena can become re-attuned. Reference is made to mythology and symbols of hope, and consideration given to the meaning and purpose of the pandemic.     

Phenotypic plasticity and archetype: a response to common objections to the biological theory of archetype and instinct

Since Jung’s death in 1961, scholars have attempted to integrate growing biological science data into Jungian concepts such as the collective unconscious, instincts and the archetypes. This enterprise has been challenging due to persistent false dichotomies of gene and environment occasionally arising. Recent works by Roesler (2022a, 2022b) for example, have raised objections to the biological theory of archetypes, but the objections are plagued by such dichotomies. The concept of phenotypic plasticity, however, helps to both avoid this problem as well as bridge the gap between competing theories into a more integrated model with solid biological foundations.     

The Possibility of Meaning in Human Evolution

Science undermines the certitude of non-naturalistic answers to the question of whether human life has meaning. I explore whether evolution can provide a naturalistic basis for existential meaning. Using the work of philosopher Daniel Dennett and scientist Ursula Goodenough, I argue that evolution is the locus of the possibility of meaning because it has produced intentionality, the matrix of consciousness. I conclude that the question of the meaning of human life is an existentialist one: existential meaning is a product of the individual and collective tasks human beings undertake.     

When is it time to stop? When good enough becomes bad enough

This article draws on Winnicott’s concept of the good enough mother to discuss how to know whether a therapeutic situation is good enough to continue or bad enough to end. This dilemma is explored in terms of clinical syndromes, such as anorexia and pathological gambling, but focuses mainly on analyst-initiated endings, which are termed the ‘Casablanca dilemma’, based on an amplification of the ending of the film Casablanca. The author goes on to discuss such one-sided endings, drawing on interviews with 40 analysts and therapists about their clinical experience. A typology of bad enough endings is presented. The psychological differences between a good enough analysis as opposed to a bad enough one are explored through the ideas of Winnicott and Neumann.     

Seeing in the Dark: A View into Dissociation and Healing

In this paper, I will explore the role of art-making, the experience of trauma and dissociation, and the process of working with self-states from an analytic and creative frame. Relevant literature on dissociation, trauma, and the use of art will be discussed. A case involving my work with an adolescent girl who had experienced sexual abuse from a family member will be shared, with an emphasis on the meaningful role images played during the therapeutic process. Both Jungian and psychoanalytic models of conceptualizing and working with dissociation are included, following Donald Kalsched’s (2013) recommendation for a “binocular stance” to treatment, including both a focus on the inner, intrapsychic world and the interpersonal, relational realm, and how art images both illuminated and expressed these realms. Within the therapeutic process, art images allowed the therapist a view into the client’s unconscious process, and created a meeting ground for dissociative barriers to be gradually seen, felt and known, by both therapist and client. The experience of dissociation, in images and in session, provided a reference point for myself and my client, Taylor, to develop a shared understanding and a framework for growth.     

The transcendent function in Spitteler’s Prometheus and Epimetheus

In August 2020, John Beebe and Steve Myers met via Zoom to discuss their differing interpretations of psychological typology and the different sources within Jung’s writings that influenced their books: Integrity in Depth: Energies and Patterns in Psychological Type (Beebe), and Myers-Briggs Typology vs Jungian Individuation (Myers). The discussion centred on Spitteler’s epic poem Prometheus und Epimetheus, which forms the basis of chapter V of Psychological Types. This is both the largest chapter and one of two chapters that Jung highlighted in the Argentine foreword as containing the essence of the book. Jung’s book is primarily about the transformation of personality rather than the categorization of people. Although it contains a critical psychology that deconstructs the nature of consciousness, that is only one half of the book and a stepping-stone to the other half, which is the reconciliation of opposites with particular emphasis on the relation of consciousness and the unconscious. Jung assumed that readers were already familiar with Prometheus und Epimetheus, an understanding of which sheds light on the nature of the transformation that Jung described – the development of a new attitude towards attitude itself.     

Kann Es Ein Argument Für Den Skeptizismus Geben? Das Epistemische Problem Der Irrtumsmöglichkeit

Summary  Is there any argument for scepticism? The epistemic problem of the possibility of error. Arguments for scepticism rest on the assumption that knowledge claims are fallible. For this reason the concept of knowledge appears to be questionable. Since it is necessary to distinguish doubts from possible doubts, the arguments for scepticism appear to be unconvincing. If we take it into account that we know something that is immune to doubt, we should draw the conclusion that, contrary to scepticism, knowledge claims have to be compatible with being fallible. Thus any knowledge claim is capable of being doubted.     

Chapter 6: Biblical Foundations for a Practical Theology of Aging

SUMMARY

This article reviews Biblical sources pertaining to the elderly, particularly the frail elderly. Founded on these sources, implications for elderly with Alzheimer's Disease and other forms of dementia are addressed through a personal perspective informed by writings of Christian mystics.