北京微创医院建设的初步实践--从微创医学理论到具体实践

创建微创医院是发展我国微创医学的首要和必需条件.微创医院是一类以微创理念为指导、以微创医学体系为主导、以整合的微创技术为特色、以"医疗中心"为基本临床结构系统的现代化、数字化的综合性医院.建设微创医院的目的在于验证微创医学理论体系,探索新的医学智慧.     

创新发展微创医学新体系

1　创新体系的内容1 1　微创医学体系微创 ,为“尽可能小的、少的损伤” ,从哲学意义上讲 ,在技术上其是在一定条件下的一个相对概念 ,有前提、具有暂时性 ,并受制于科学技术的发展水平和程度 ;然而在理念上 ,努力创造条件、不断追求“尽可能小”的损伤则是永恒的。微创医学体系 ,属于临床综合医学 ;学问性质是以微创理念和微创人文思想为指导、“以病人为主体”、以微创技术为核心手段、以相对独立器官 (微观 )和人与医学 (宏观 )为对象、以完全外科、内科和各种传统医学为基础 ,辅以人文、心理学以及所有对患者有益的手段和方法 ,“善待人…     

微创医学--一个新的医学理论体系

在新的世纪里,为了回归医学本源、适应人类社会发展的需要,有必要探求一种新的医学智慧、建立一个新的医学系统.从历史唯物主义和辩证法的现点出发,在深入研究"微创"概念及内涵的发展演变、二十一世纪医学发展的未来趋势和社会对医学-医院最大要求的基础上,作者等以生物心理社会医学模式为基础,在学界提出了"微创医学"的概念、建立了"微创医学体系"并正在进行着微创医学的具体实践--在微创医学理论指导下建设"微创医院".本文详细描述了微创医学体系:基本理论系统和临床架构系统.创立微创医学体系的根本目的在于在医学上、在医院里达到真正实现"以人为本"的理念.     

显微外科领域中若干问题分析

我国显微修复重建外科技术曾经辉煌并且在某些领域依旧保持国际领先.显微外科虽然是医学临床工作,但是量变与质变、否定之否定、度、联系与发展等基本的哲学观念起到了重要的指导作用.而回顾这一学科的历程显示:用哲学的观点把握领域内的主要方向,热情、正确、勤奋地专研是我国显微外科持续发展最根本的要素.     

医学哲学研究纲要

医学哲学作为科学技术哲学的一个分支学科,伴随着上世纪后50年医学科学的发展,特别是生物技术的迅速进步,其内容有了很大的扩展.当今,医学已经向哲学发出了呼唤.本研究纲要旨在从过去20多年国内外医学哲学的实际出发,为医学哲学的研究领域划出一个基本轮廓,以促进我国医学哲学的繁荣、医学人才的成长和医学科学的发展.     

最好的医生也是哲学家——古希腊时期哲学与医学之关系刍议

古希腊时期的哲学与医学是相通的,其相通之关系,可细化为职业身份相通、学科主旨相通、研究方法相通、关注领域相通、具体观点相通.以古希腊哲学之集大成者的亚里士多德哲学和作为古希腊医学之集大成者的盖伦医学为例,二者都具有目的论色彩,都属于一种经验主义的目的论;都用到了经验观察法与演绎推理法;与研究方法相关,都极其重视解剖学;二者在解释人的生理机制时提出了一致的看法,盖伦的三种灵气思想发展了亚里士多德的三种灵魂学说.     

微创理念建立:胆道外科的发展历程及启示

在现代医学发展过程中不断有新理念注入,这些新理念不仅是推动医学进步的主要力量,也是医学理性认识活动的重要组成部分,只有了解这些医学理念的思想渊源、形成发展、演变的历史及其科学意义,才能阐明医学基本理念建立时所使用的科学方法,这些科学方法又会促进新的理论突破。回顾胆道外科发展历史,可分成早期开腹治疗、腹腔镜治疗和经内镜逆行胰胆管造影治疗三个发展时期,这恰是对微创理念理性认识活动的一个典型范式,通过系统梳理这一范式,分析微创理念建立对医学带来的影响与启示,为其他新医学理念的建立提供借鉴和参考。     

微创体系中人文思想的探索

医学人文学是发展现代医学的一项重要内容.从微创医学体系中的人文思想、探索微创人文思想的意义、实现微创医学过程中的微创人文思想三个方面对建立在现代医学模式基础上的微创医学体系发展中的有关人文思想进行了系统的探索,以揭示微创医学体系中人文思想的意义和价值,同时强调其在医疗实践中的实际应用.     

转化医学的哲学认识

转化医学是将基础研究成果转化为实际应用的理念和方法,属于认识范畴,是医学实践发展的产物,其内涵随着医学实践的发展而发展;转化医学是对基础医学和临床医学之间分割局面的否定之否定;转化医学的具体实施过程体现了认识事物的一般规律,它的研究主体、客体和方法属于复杂系统,所以须以系统理论为指导才能得以顺利实现。     

从医学人文角度看微创医疗中的危险因素

微创医疗是现代医学的一项新技术和新兴理念,由于具有创伤小、恢复快等特点而风靡全球,人们迷恋于微创技术的绝对化作用,关注的焦点也更多地是在微创技术自身的创新与改进,而对微创技术带给患者及麻醉的附加伤害和危险却很少问津,当今微创医疗技术发展的基础在于直面问题和解决问题,用技术自身发展解决技术缺陷问题,用人文理念改善和解决医学的人性问题。成功的微创技术是多学科协助的结果,务必认清医学的仁学特性,坚持微创发展的人性化方向,科学规避微创中的危险因素,为微创技术的可持续发展奠定基础。     

自伤青少年的冲动性

以自我报告、行为学和脑电为指标, 检验自伤青少年的冲动性。研究1, 对820名普通中学生和72名工读生进行问卷调查, 探讨自伤行为与情绪调节困难、冲动性的关系。结果表明, 冲动性能够预测自伤行为, 且预测效应量大于情绪调节困难。研究2, 采用Go/Nogo范式的ERPs实验, 检验自伤组与对照组冲动控制的行为学与脑电差异。结果表明, 自伤组Nogo正确反应的N2波幅显著高于对照组, N2潜伏期在部分电极点处高于对照组。脑电地形图显示两者的脑电差异主要体现在前额叶区。结论：自伤青少年的冲动性高于同龄普通青少年。     

Occupational Stress in Workers and Managers in Steelworks in China

Occupational stressors and strains of 121 Chinese steelwork employees and 122 managers were measured using the Chinese version of the Occupational Stress Indicator (OSI). It was found that factors intrinsic to the job, Type A behavior, logic, and organizational structure and climate were the main predictors of mental ill-health and physical ill-health in managers. Organizational structure and climate and relationships with other people were important predictors for workers. Management processes and organizational forces were the strongest predicting factors of job satisfaction in both samples. On certain OSI scales and subscales, managers scored statistically higher than workers. It is proposed that these results reflect the enormous economic and social changes currently taking place in China, together with certain features inherent in Chinese organizational and managerial processes.     

基于努力决策任务在精神分裂症患者动机缺失评估中的应用

国外运用基于努力决策任务,与阴性症状量表和访谈相结合,对精神分裂症患者的阴性症状特别是动机缺失进行研究。本文从基于努力决策任务出发,重点介绍该任务范式及其在精神分裂症患者动机缺失评估中的最新研究,并从心理学、神经生物学和脑神经科学三个维度,阐述动机缺失的认知神经机制,论文结尾讨论了该任务范式在评估精神分裂症患者或其他患者动机缺失中可能遇到的挑战,以及未来的发展趋势。     

语篇中代词指代的研究进展

代词的指代在语篇局部连贯性中具有关键作用。中心理论是代词指称中的重要理论,它解释了语篇中代词的分布规律;注意驱动理论是在中心理沦的基础上结合重音预设解释重音或非重音代词。影响代词指称的因素有语义因素和结构因素。对代词的认知研究另一方面主要集中在对歧义代词的解释．对歧义代词的解释的研究一方面采用重复姓名不利实验范式,另一方面的研究采用的研究方法是探测词任务。在汉语中对代词的研究主要是对文本语篇的研究。     

Trends in behavior analysis in education

The preparation of the Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis Reprint Series: Behavior Analysis in Education (1988) provided an opportunity to survey and analyze trends in the field, as reflected by publications in the journal. Apparently, the large volume of behavior-analytic papers on educational topics has been declining and its contents undergoing some interesting but not uniformly welcome shifts. Although the intense concern with classroom conduct has diminished somewhat, that topic continues to be heavily emphasized. Simultaneously, reports of social skills and language studies have accelerated, but analyses of academic performance have progressively declined. Explanations for the findings remain speculative, but behavior analysts are encouraged to address these areas of essential social need.     

Psychology in Medical Settings in Thailand

This article explores the development of psychology as a profession in Thailand, its challenges, and future trends. There are currently very few Thai psychologists who are active in the medical fields in comparison to other health care professions. Being held back by limited education and training, many psychologists see their future career as less than promising. The lack of professional licensing standards and dominance of psychiatry further limit their career advancement. However, tremendous opportunities await those who persevere to expand their roles beyond the traditional assessment, treatment, and research models. A small number of them have ventured out into unexplored territories such as behavioral medicine, AIDS counseling, health promotion, and prevention of mental health problems. There is a strong potential for Thai psychologists to make significant contributions in these areas. It is clear that higher standards of education and more rigorous training are needed if this goal is to be realized in the near future.     

Happiness in shrinking cities in Germany

After decades of urban growth, modern societies now face an increasing number of shrinking cities. What is the impact on the inhabitants of shrinkage of their city? Negative effects dominate in the public discourse, but does growth or shrinkage really matter for the livability in urban environment? In this paper, I take stock of the effect on subjective well-being in present day Germany. Overall satisfaction with life appears not to be lower in shrinking cities and satisfaction with several domains of life even higher. This is not because inhabitants are unaware of the situation of their city, since they appear to be more concerned about job-chances and crime.     

Orthodoxy in Unity and in Conciliarity

This article considers how the Holy and Great Council of the Orthodox Church faced challenges such as how the gospel relates to a pluralistic society; the Christian message in a society marked by religious pluralism, ethnic diversity, and cultural relativism; whether Christians encountering today's pluralist society should concentrate on evangelism or on dialogue; and on how conciliarity relates to the unity of the church. The article examines how the council attempted to respond to, or at least reflect on, these challenges in relation to the theological dialogue of the Orthodox Church with the other Christian churches and confessions. The bilateral theological dialogues have also increasingly led to bearing Christian witness, and an atmosphere of mutual appreciation, friendship, and fellowship has already become at least a reality. But has this development also led to a deeper mutual theological understanding? Have the profound differences between the Orthodox churches and the other churches in bilateral dialogues been clarified theologically?     

Complex in memory,mind in matter: walking hand in hand

This paper aims to highlight four major points: first: a ‘Jungian attitude’ understood as a viewpoint which enables work with interconnectedness through various fields of knowledge. Second, that complexes are dynamic, as is memory, and that both are transformed by experience and develop hand in hand with each other i.e., the transformation of the complex occurs through the transformation of memory as embodied in internal working models, and vice versa. Third, complexes and archetypes are linked to each other in matrices of one form or another and lead to the complexity of the psyche, which is a developing system. Fourth, the analytical process provides an arena that enables and consolidates interconnections that foster a better intrapsychic transition. The analytic meeting promotes profound changes, redesigning our neural architecture as well as our psychic landscape.