祖辈共同养育背景下多重依恋关系及对幼儿社会-情绪性发展的影响

采用依恋Q-Set分类程序考察72名幼儿(M=17.51个月)的母子依恋和祖孙依恋的安全性,用《婴幼儿社会-情绪性评价量表》(ITSEA)同时评估了幼儿的社会-情绪性(包括外显行为域、内隐行为域、失调域和能力域)的发展状况。结果发现:(1)在祖辈参与共同养育的背景下,大多数幼儿可以形成安全型的母子依恋和祖孙依恋,母子依恋的安全性高于祖孙依恋;(2)母子依恋和祖孙依恋存在着中等强度的相关,36%幼儿的母子依恋和祖孙依恋的安全性水平不一致;(3)回归分析表明,与祖孙依恋的安全性相比,母子依恋的安全性对幼儿的社会-情绪性发展的各领域具有更大的相对预测力,支持主导性假说;(4)拥有高安全性母子依恋和祖孙依恋的幼儿,其外显行为域和内隐行为域的得分显著低于其他3组,高安全性母子依恋或祖孙依恋不能补偿对方的低安全性依恋的消极影响。在失调域上,母子依恋和祖孙依恋的安全性存在着交互效应。     

心理控制源、成就动机和生活满意感

本研究考察了成就动机、心理控制源和生活满意感三者之间的关系。结果表明：（1）成就动机、心理控制源和生活满意感三者之间存在明确的关系,成就动机与生活满意感都与控制源呈显著的正相关。（2）成就动机和心理控制源特征对生活满意感有较强的预测作用。（3）成就动机高的人,内控倾向较强,对生活的满意感也高。（4）追求成功的动机对生活满意感的影响是间接的,避免失败的动机对生活满意感的影响是直接的。     

高中生亲子依恋与生命意义感的关系:同伴依恋和时间洞察力的中介作用

以283名高中学生为被试,通过问卷调查的方式,探讨了亲子依恋对高中生生命意义感的影响,以及同伴依恋和时间洞察力在亲子依恋与生命意义感间的中介作用。结果表明：（1）亲子依恋、同伴依恋、时间洞察力与生命意义感两两间存在显著正相关;（2）同伴依恋与时间洞察力在亲子依恋与生命意义感之间起中介作用。即亲子依恋既可以直接影响高中生生命意义感,也可以通过时间洞察力和同伴依恋的中介作用间接影响高中生生命意义感。本研究揭示了亲子依恋与高中生生命意义感的关系及其作用机制,拓展了生命意义感的影响因素,为高中生生命教育提供了重要的理论依据。     

青少年父母依恋与生活满意度的关系:心理素质的中介作用

采用青少年父母依恋问卷、中学生心理素质问卷(简化版)和生活满意度量表在中国七个省(市)调查1953名初一至高三的学生,通过结构方程模型和bootstrap法考察青少年父亲依恋和母亲依恋对生活满意度的影响及其差异以及心理素质的中介作用。结果表明:(1)青少年父亲依恋、母亲依恋、心理素质和生活满意度之间两两显著正相关。(2)控制性别和学段后,心理素质在父亲依恋、母亲依恋与生活满意度间起部分中介作用。(3)父亲依恋和母亲依恋对生活满意度的影响无显著差异。     

初中生抑郁与依恋、自我效能感的关系研究

对929个初中生施测抑郁自评量表,父母和同伴依恋问卷,一般自我效能感量表,以探讨父、母、同伴依恋和一般自我效能感对抑郁的影响模式.结果:(1)父(母)亲依恋、同伴依恋、一般自我效能感均与抑郁呈显著负相关;同伴依恋与父(母)亲依恋呈显著正相关.(2)结构方程模型分析发现:父(母)亲依恋直接影响同伴依恋,父(母)亲依恋和同伴依恋通过一般自我效能感间接影响抑郁,同时父(母)亲依恋和同伴依恋直接作用于抑郁.     

亲子依恋和祖孙依恋的一致与不一致和儿童主观幸福感的关系

为检验亲隔代协同教养家庭中亲子依恋和祖孙依恋质量的一致与不一致对儿童主观幸福感(包括生活满意度、积极情感和消极情感)的影响，本研究采用亲子依恋和祖孙依恋问卷、主观幸福感量表对178个亲隔代协同教养家庭的儿童进行调查，响应面分析发现：(1)拥有一致高质量亲子依恋和祖孙依恋关系的儿童主观幸福感水平更高；(2)亲子依恋与祖孙依恋质量不一致时，亲子依恋质量高于祖孙依恋质量的儿童生活满意度更高，且高质量亲子依恋或祖孙依恋均能提升儿童积极情感。本研究加深了多重依恋对儿童发展的理解，也提示在亲隔代协同教养家庭中可以从依恋入手促进儿童心理健康的发展。     

有无二胎与父母教养能力感的关系:头胎子女亲子依恋的调节作用

研究选取650名中小学生为研究对象,采用父母教养能力感量表和亲子依恋安全性问卷,考察了有无二胎与父母教养能力感的关系,并探讨了头胎子女的父子依恋和母子依恋在有无二胎与父母教养能力感关系中的调节作用。研究发现：（1）二胎家庭中父母的教养能力感高于独生子女父母的教养能力感;（2）头胎子女的母子依恋能够调节有无二胎与父母教养能力感的关系：对于高母子依恋组的被试而言,有无二胎无法预测父母教养能力感,而对于低母子依恋组的被试来说,有无二胎能显著正向预测父母教养能力感。而父子依恋的调节作用不显著。结果表明,对高母子依恋群体而言,有无二胎不影响父母教养能力感,而对于低母子依恋群体来说,家庭中有二胎会促进父母教养能力感的发展。     

有无二胎与父母教养能力感的关系:头胎子女亲子依恋的调节作用

研究选取650名中小学生为研究对象,采用父母教养能力感量表和亲子依恋安全性问卷,考察了有无二胎与父母教养能力感的关系,并探讨了头胎子女的父子依恋和母子依恋在有无二胎与父母教养能力感关系中的调节作用。研究发现：（1）二胎家庭中父母的教养能力感高于独生子女父母的教养能力感;（2）头胎子女的母子依恋能够调节有无二胎与父母教养能力感的关系：对于高母子依恋组的被试而言,有无二胎无法预测父母教养能力感,而对于低母子依恋组的被试来说,有无二胎能显著正向预测父母教养能力感。而父子依恋的调节作用不显著。结果表明,对高母子依恋群体而言,有无二胎不影响父母教养能力感,而对于低母子依恋群体来说,家庭中有二胎会促进父母教养能力感的发展。     

家庭仪式与青少年自我控制的关系：亲子依恋与生命意义感的链式中介作用

以1380名高中生为被试,采用家庭仪式问卷、亲子依恋量表、生命意义感量表和自我控制量表,探讨了家庭仪式与青少年自我控制的关系及其可能机制。结果表明,家庭仪式、亲子依恋、生命意义感与自我控制之间均呈显著正相关;亲子依恋与生命意义感在家庭仪式与自我控制之间起中介作用,该中介作用包括三条路径：亲子依恋的中介作用,生命意义感的中介作用以及亲子依恋-生命意义感的链式中介作用。     

成人依恋对病理性网络使用的影响:社交自我效能感和孤独感的中介作用

为探讨成人依恋影响病理性网络使用(PIU)的内在机制,采用自陈式问卷调查了483名大学生,通过结构方程模型和bootstrap法考察了社交自我效能感和孤独感在成人依恋与PIU关系中的中介作用。结果表明:(1)孤独感在依恋焦虑和依恋回避对PIU的影响中起中介作用;(2)社交自我效能感和孤独感在依恋回避对PIU的影响中起链式中介作用。研究结论:成人依恋通过社交自我效能感和孤独感的中介作用影响PIU,且依恋焦虑和依恋回避两个维度的中介机制有差异。     

Pet Loss and Human Emotion: Romanian Students' Reflections on Pet Loss

Thirty-five graduate and undergraduate students, owners of dogs and cats, were asked to respond in writing to a several questions regarding their relationship with their pet. In this retrospective analysis, we discuss aspects that describe the pet-owner relationship, including attachment and the role played by the pet in the owner's life (e.g., emotional support, the pet being seen as a family member). Most of the participants felt that their pet's loss caused great pain; some considered that even if they had suffered greatly, the death of their pet was not felt more intensely and severely than the death of any other family member or a friend.     

How Religion Predicts Pet Ownership in the United States

Over 60 percent of Americans have some sort of family pet. Although studies have explored the personality and demographic correlates of pet ownership, none have considered whether religious characteristics may influence not only pet ownership, but the kind of pet Americans own. Drawing on data from the 2018 General Social Survey, we examine the religious antecedents of pet ownership in general as well as owning a cat or a dog, taking into account factors previously associated with owning certain pets (e.g., urban vs. rural residence, political affiliation). Although religious tradition and biblical literalism generally do not predict pet ownership, frequent worship attendees and the most conservative evangelicals report owning fewer pets. Religious characteristics also predict Americans’ ownership of particular pets. Most notably, we find a strong, negative association between worship attendance and cat ownership. We theorize potential mechanisms. On the one hand, certain personality types might simultaneously attract some Americans toward religious participation and away from pets, and cats in particular. Alternatively, to the extent that pet ownership is a partial substitute for human bonding and interaction, Americans more deeply embedded within a religious community may have less need (or time) for pets generally, and specifically more independent “roommate pets,” like cats.     

Pet Peeves and Happiness: How Do Happy People Complain?

The present study was designed to investigate the relationships among mindfulness, happiness, and the expression of pet peeves. Previous research has established a positive correlation between happiness and mindfulness, but, to date, no research has examined how each of these variables is related to complaining in the form of pet peeves. Four hundred ten male and female college students listed the pet peeves they had with a current or former relationship partner. They also completed measures of happiness, positive and negative affect, depression, mindfulness, relationship satisfaction, and satisfaction with life. Pet peeves were negatively correlated with relationship satisfaction, well-being, and mindfulness. Consistent with hypotheses, support was found for the mediating role of mindfulness in the relationship between happiness and pet peeves.     

Does having a pet make a difference? Highlights from the HBSC Portuguese study

Pets are part of many adolescent’s lives. Objectives: To identify in a large national representative sample of Portuguese adolescents (HSBC study), the percentage of adolescents that have pets, what kind of feelings pets provide, differences by gender and age (through school grades) and to verify whether adolescent health, well-being, life satisfaction and psychological symptoms are associated with having a pet. Methods: The 2014 study provided national data of 6026 Portuguese adolescents (52.3% of which were girls), whose mean age was 13.8 years, randomly selected from those attending 6th, 8th and 10th grades. Measures included asking the participant if he/she had pets, which pet was, and the relationship they had with the pet, ISS, perception of well-being, life satisfaction and psychological symptoms. Results: The large majority of Portuguese adolescents had a pet. Adolescents who referred having a pet reported more frequently having dogs and cats. As for positive feelings related to pets, results showed that pets give them feelings of happiness, companionship, nurturing, tranquility, security and responsibility always/almost always, especially in girls and younger boys. The results also showed that having a dog was associated with a higher socio-economic status, better perception of well-being, more life satisfaction and less psychological symptoms. Conclusion: Since research shows that young people who have pets report higher rates of well-being/health perception, that information should be used to conduct more studies and change policies in ways that benefit adults and children.     

Teachers' Pets and Why They Have Them: An Investigation of the Human Animal Bond1

The present study queried a random, university faculty sample as to their reasons for owning pets. Mere pet ownership was not correlated with self‐reported health, happiness, or quality of work life in this sample. Five dominant reasons were given for pet ownership. Women were more likely than men to self‐report reasons related to social support for pet ownership, including that a pet helped them get through hard times and that they would be lonely without a pet. Men were more likely to report pragmatic reasons, such as the pet facilitating exercise or serving a useful function. Beliefs in the positive effects of pets on health were typical. Those beliefs in the health promoting aspects of pets are suggested as a link to human health and a promising area for future research.     

Attachment insecurities,life satisfaction,and relationship satisfaction from a dyadic perspective: The role of positive and negative affect

The purpose of this research is to examine the association between attachment insecurities (anxiety and avoidance) and both subjective well‐being (positive affect [PA] and negative affect [NA] and life satisfaction) and relationship satisfaction. There were 174 Spanish heterosexual couples with a mean length of relationship of 13.9 years who participated in the study. The hypotheses were tested according to the actor–partner interdependence model. We proposed a model in which PA and NA could mediate the association between attachment insecurities and life and relationship satisfaction. Results show that (1) actor effects are more frequent than partner effects; (2) anxious attachment tends to be related to NA and avoidant attachment to PA; (3) avoidance is more detrimental than anxiety for relationship satisfaction at individual and dyadic levels, and (4) there are some mediational effects of NA and PA in the association between attachment insecurities and life and relationship satisfaction.     

老年人依恋对生活满意度的影响：孤独感的中介作用

选取湖北省和湖南省的六个县市的310名老年人,采用感情和社交孤独问卷(ESLS)、生活满意度量表(SWLS)和亲密关系经历量表（ECR）进行测量,运用偏差矫正百分位的非参数Bootstrap 方法探讨老年人的孤独感在依恋与生活满意度之间的中介作用。结果表明：（1）依恋的回避和焦虑两个维度均与孤独感呈显著正相关,与生活满意度呈显著负相关,孤独感与生活满意度呈显著负相关;（2）孤独感在在依恋回避与生活满意度之间起部分中介作用,在依恋焦虑与生活满意度之间起完全中介作用。     

Change in life satisfaction during adulthood: findings from the veterans affairs normative aging study

Change in life satisfaction was modeled over a 22-year period in 1,927 men. A curvilinear relationship emerged. Growth-curve models indicated that life satisfaction peaked at age 65 and then declined, but showed significant individual differences in rate of change. Extraversion predicted variability in change, with higher levels associated with a high and flat life satisfaction trajectory. Time-varying physical health and marital status were associated with higher life satisfaction. Proximity to death was associated with a decline in life satisfaction. On measurement occasions that were within 1 year before death, trajectories showed steeper decline, and this effect was not attributable to declines in self-rated physical health. The findings are at odds with prior (cross-sectional) research showing that subjective well-being improves with aging.     

Adaptive and Maladaptive Perfectionism as Mediators of Adult Attachment Styles and Depression,Hopelessness, and Life Satisfaction

This study examined the relationships between adaptive and maladaptive perfectionism, anxious and avoidant adult attachment styles, depression, hopelessness, and life satisfaction among a sample of 180 undergraduate students. Maladaptive perfectionism mediated the relationship between both forms of adult attachment and depression, hopelessness, and life satisfaction. Adaptive perfectionism mediated the relationship between avoidant adult attachment and hopelessness and life satisfaction. Implications for counselors and future research directions are discussed.     

A decolonial perspective of collective coping in the adult attachment and life satisfaction link

This study examined the role of cognitive flexibility and collective coping in the relationship between adult attachment and life satisfaction while comparing Black, Indigenous, and People of Color (BIPOC; n = 187) and White (n = 135) groups. Result showed that the relationship between attachment anxiety and life satisfaction was mediated via cognitive flexibility and collective coping only in the BIPOC group. This study informs culturally responsive attachment-based counseling and advances literature from a decolonial perspective.