养成训练:未成年公民品德塑造的新路径

重灌输轻养成、重理论教育轻行为训练是青少年道德建设成效不高的重要原因,而养成训练则被证明是未成年公民道德素质生成的有效路径.这是由品德生成的客观规律、未成年人身心发展的特点以及体验教育、实践育人的任务决定的.要切实提高道德行为习惯养成的实际效果,德目指标应易记易循,行为准则须明确具体;活动方案设计应贴紧未成年人实际,训练活动要注重可操作性,强化情感体验环节,抓好"小处"、"小事",注意训练活动的持续性和家校(园)之间的良性互动,不断巩固养成成果.实践证明,从基本道德行为习惯养成训练入手正是促进未成年人道德建设取得实效的关键所在.     

"仁"——医德的元德

医德是医学道德的简称,具言之,它是指医务人员在医疗卫生服务的职业活动中应该具备的仁爱、救死扶伤等的品德,是道德德目在医务人员身上的内化,也是对医务人员必须具备的最起码的要求.我们评价一个医生,首先是直面他的医德,医德是医生形象的体现,没有医德的医生即使技艺再高超,也算不上一个完整意义上的医生,"无德不成医".事实上一个医德低下的医生,他的技艺也不会高超的.     

"医闹"产生的原因及防范对策

医德是医学道德的简称,具言之,它是指医务人员在医疗卫生服务的职业活动中应该具备的仁爱、救死扶伤等的品德,是道德德目在医务人员身上的内化,也是对医务人员必须具备的最起码的要求。我们评价一个医生,首先是直面他的医德,医德是医生形象的体现,没有医德的医生即使技艺再高超     

亚里士多德的"德性"与孔子的"德"之比较

从上个世纪20年代至今,中国学者将亚里士多德的一个重要的伦理概念arete译为"德性"、"德"、"德行"、"美德"、"品德"、"优秀"等等.亚氏的arete指人时意思是人的理性的特长、功能.它分为两类:"理智的德性"和"伦理的德性";后者与理性密切相关,显示了亚氏伦理学的理性主义特征.孔子的"德"与亚氏的arete较为相似.孔子的"德"包括才在内,指人的道德.这或许可以叫做道德理性.孔子的"德"包涵内在的与外在的两个方面.在内为个人修养,外化为德行,二者密不可分.具体言之,即修己与安人.比较这两个概念,有助于理解这两位东西方大师的伦理学说.     

如何正确认识赞目赞目水北大核心CSSCISSCI

赞目赞目泉经历了大约四千多年的历史,是世界上最古老的水井。赞目赞目水是天堂的一条泉眼,充满了吉祥和尊贵,也是真主应答易卜拉欣的都阿之一,是安拉赐予人类取之不尽用之不竭的宝贵物质和精神财富。     

德是伊斯兰立教之本

奉普慈特慈的真主之名各位朵斯提:色兰!德是指人的本性、品德和道德。道德是人们关于善与恶、正义与邪恶、公正与偏私、诚实与虚伪、荣誉与耻辱等观念以及与这些观念相适应的,由社会舆论和人们的信念来实现的行为规范的总和。重视品行和道德的修养是中华民族的传统美德,我国古人说:"学之不讲,道之不修,是吾忧也"。孔子在《论语》中     

试论《大学》“三纲八目”之儒学奥义及当代价值

《大学》作为儒家经典的纲领文本,以明明德、亲民、止于至善"三纲领"确立人生垂世立教之宏义鹄的,以格物、致知、诚意、正心、修身、齐家、治国、平天下"八条目"条理人生修德立世的实践路径,二者以"明明德于天下"相互贯通,虽在形式上有目的、手段之分,实则内在一体、辩证统一。《大学》以"三纲八目"提要钩玄儒学奥义,成为两千多年来国人安身立命的根本,时至今日,对于批判物质主义、消费主义、个人主义等资本现代性,以及应对当代人类面临的诸多难题和危机仍具有重要的价值和意义。     

加强"三理"和谐教育是青少年道德全面发展的本质要求

道德全面发展的命题是基于我国培养全面发展的人才要求和青少年思想道德建设的现实任务而提出来的.开展伦理、心理、生理即"三理"和谐教育的理论与实践研究,找到了促进青少年道德全面发展的切入点.道德科学本身内含着人的品德、人的心理意识和人的行为活动三个组成部分的内在规定性,体现了人的道德全面发展的本质要求.从学科理论联系上看,"三理"和谐教育符合青少年道德全面发展的本质要求.从"三理"教育实践上看,人的品德教育与心理健康教育、生理健康教育是不可分的.在日常生活中,人的道德品质与人的心理意识、人的行为活动的交互作用的链条关系也是非常密切的.这些都验证了加强"三理"和谐教育符合青少年道德全面发展的本质要求.     

儒家"让"德批判——兼及"让"德与和谐社会建设

"让"是儒家礼治的核心价值,是礼治所以可能的价值根基,其源于"六君子"之躬行"让"德.在儒家学说之价值体系中,"让"德涵摄辞让、禅让、谦让、卑让等多重维度,分别凸显出与"争、夺、骄、私"相对立的价值内涵.但"让"并非一无限度的绝对性道德准则,正确践履"让"德必从于"仁"、授于贤、合于"礼"、利于人(国、事).批判地继承和发扬传统"让"德是和谐社会建设的必然要求.     

用中华民族传统美德滋养未成年人心灵

任何一个民族的思想道德建设包括未成年人的思想道德建设都离不开本民族的优良道德传统。对有着丰富传统美德资源的我国来说,如何在未成年人中进行中华民族传统美德的教育呢?这里我仅谈几点粗浅认识。 第一、要抓好中华传统美德的知识教育。 大约十多年前,有研究者对大陆和香港、台湾的青少年关于传统道德名言的掌握和认同情况进行了一个调查,发     

不同情绪效价的DRM词表对错误记忆的影响

请49名在校大学生对自编的36个具有不同情绪效价的DRM词表进行评定,再以60名在校大学生为实验对象考察不同情绪效价的DRM词表对错误记忆的影响。结果发现,(1) 负性和中性DRM词表产生的错误记忆量显著高于正性DRM词表;(2) 被试在“记得/知道/猜测”判断上对负性和中性词表的关键诱饵倾向于“知道”,而对正性词表的关键诱饵更倾向于“记得”。结果表明,DRM词表本身所具有的情绪与人为诱发的情绪,对错误记忆的影响具有不同的性质和特点。     

Learning the Experimenter's Design Tacit: Sensitivity to the Structure of Memory Lists

Two experiments are reported that draw an analogy between experiments on verbal memory and experiments on tacit learning. Rules that experimenters use to select words for memory experiments, such as frequency, length, and grammatical class, produce consistencies to which subjects can become sensitive. Replicating the key results from the tacit learning literature, subjects in our experiments discriminated new words consistent with the experimenters' selection rules from inconsistent words, even when they could not describe those rules. The results also reveal a close relation between the information underlying both recognition memory and classification judgements. In particular, a 'mirror effect' (Glanzer & Bowles, 1976) is found with both tasks. Implications for research on memory and learning are discussed.     

材料性质与内隐攻击性启动效应的实验研究

使用表示攻击和被攻击相互作用的动词为实验材料,随机抽取60名初一学生,采用3种加工类型×2种测验方式的混合设计来考察未成年人攻击性的某些内隐社会认知特征.结果表明(1)验证了先前有关攻击性内隐社会认知特征的研究;(2)汉字材料也能产生内隐攻击性的启动效应;(7)在未成年人身上也存在有内隐形式的攻击性.     

A Developmental Evaluation of Frequency Memory for Actions Presented in Lists,Scripts, and Stories

Although some research suggests that misinformation provided by a co-witness could be more influential than that obtained from other sources, most of this research has compared the effect of co-witness information against non-social forms of misinformation only. To better understand the influence of co-witnesses we compared the influence of co-witness misinformation with the influence of misinformation provided by an interviewer. Across two experiments using the MORI paradigm we found no evidence that a co-witness is particularly influential relative to another social source of post-event misinformation. In fact, the source of the misinformation delivered by our interviewer was less likely to be correctly recalled than the source of the misinformation delivered by a co-witness. There was some evidence that misinformation delivered by both a co-witness and an interviewer has a stronger effect on witnesses' accuracy and confidence than misinformation obtained from either source alone. Finally, our results suggest that the opportunity to provide an early individual memory account might protect against the effect of subsequently-encountered co-witness misinformation. These results have important implications for the way that criminal investigations are conducted.     

An Exploratory Study Comparing Goal-Oriented Mental Imagery with Daily To-Do Lists: Supporting College Student Success

Although to-do lists are a ubiquitous daily planning tool there is limited information on users’ perceptions of this method. Another resource to support goal-oriented planning is mental imagery. A substantial body of research shows the utility of mental imagery in the domains of healthcare, sports, business and education. Imagery has been shown to enhance goal-oriented behavior, and along with primed positive affect, to enhance persistence and coping. For the purpose of comparison, a sample of 214 college students practiced either a goal-oriented mental imagery technique or a to-do list technique on alternate days for two weeks. On mental imagery days students were significantly more likely to report a sense of accomplishment, ease, coping, and positive affect, compared with to-do list days. Qualitative comments provided additional informative detail showing to-do list days to be associated with a task orientation, greater dissatisfaction with underachievement, and higher levels of perceived stress and negative affect. While the study shows benefit for both mental imagery and to-do lists, a tenable conclusion from the results is that a combination of the two methods may actually yield the greatest benefit. Used in tandem the methods provide a synergistic orientation to daily tasks with a heightened sense of positive affect and expectancy.     

Lists of Spanish sentences with equivalent predictability, phonetic content, length, and frequency of the last word

This paper presents a pool of Spanish sentences designed for use in cognitive research and speech processing in circumstances in which the effects of context are relevant. These lists of sentences are divided into six lists of 25 equivalent high-predictability sentences and six lists of 25 low-predictability sentences according to the extent to which the last word can be predicted by the preceding context. These lists were also equivalent in phonetic content, length and frequency of the last word. These lists are intended for use in psycholinguistic research with Spanish-speaking listeners.