肺移植术治疗终末期肺淋巴管平滑肌瘤病临床探讨

探讨肺移植治疗终末期肺淋巴管平滑肌瘤的手术适应证、手术方式和术后并发症.回顾性分析1例肺淋巴管平滑肌瘤终末期患者行右侧单肺移植术的临床资料.术后患者恢复良好,未出现支气管、肺动静脉吻合口并发症,肺功能明显改善,顺利出院.术后生存3年,死于对侧肺过度膨胀,移植肺感染.肺淋巴管平滑肌瘤终末期行肺移植术能明显改善肺功能,但单肺移植术后易出现对侧自体肺过度膨胀,尽可能选择双肺移植.     

Ⅰ期颈椎前后路联合手术治疗嵌夹脊髓型颈椎病

为了探讨前后路联合手术治疗嵌夹脊髓型颈椎病的疗效,对50例患者行Ⅰ期颈后路单开门-前路减压内固定术。术后随访脊髓功能改善情况,植骨融合率及并发症。结果显示,50例患者经平均6．5月随访,内固定均获牢固融合,脊髓功能明显改善,无明显并发症。提示Ⅰ期颈椎前后路联合手术是治疗嵌夹脊髓型颈椎病的较理想方案。     

预防性气管切开在上段食管癌手术中的效用

探讨预防性气管切开在伴慢性阻塞性肺疾病(chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,COPD)且长期大量吸烟的上段食管癌术后的应用,分析其对患者术后肺部感染、低氧血症、心律失常的影响.回顾性分析我科2011年6月~2013年1月伴有COPD及长期大量吸烟的上段食管癌行手术切除颈部吻合的病例,并分为预防性气管切开组和非预防性气管切开组.统计并分析两组术后肺部感染、低氧血症、心律失常等并发症的发生情况.结果对于上段食管癌行根治手术的患者,尤其是伴有长期大量吸烟及COPD的患者来说,预防性气管切开可以起到预防术后呼吸道并发症的发生,并能减少术后心律失常的发生的作用,其可以做为上段食管癌重症患者的一种预防围手术期并发症的方式.     

碘酊和生物蛋白胶治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病合并气胸效果对比

探讨碘酊和生物蛋白胶在慢性阻塞性肺疾病(慢阻肺)合并气胸手术治疗中的临床治疗效果。将85例患者随机分为蛋白胶组(B组)38例,碘酊组(Ⅰ组)31例,对照组(C组)16例。B组患者在术中给予生物蛋白胶封堵肺表面及断面漏气处;Ⅰ组给予碘酊涂擦脏壁层胸膜;C组仅行手术治疗,比较三组治疗效果。Ⅰ组术后第一天胸腔引流液较B组、C组多,漏气时间及带管时间B组和Ⅰ组明显短于C组;术后患者炎性因子白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)的浓度Ⅰ组明显高于B组及C组,差异有统计学意义。在慢阻肺合并气胸手术治疗中,应用生物蛋白胶封堵能明显减少术后患者的漏气时间和带管时间,且机体炎性反应明显低于用碘酊涂擦脏层和壁层胸膜者,临床治疗效果肯定。     

肾上极筋膜悬吊结扎法与后腹腔镜肾蒂淋巴管结扎术比较研究

为了探讨肾上极筋膜悬吊法与后腹腔镜肾蒂淋巴管结扎术治疗乳糜尿的疗效,分析我院收治89例行后腹腔镜肾蒂淋巴管结扎术患者的临床资料。按手术方法分为肾上极筋膜悬吊结扎组(43例)和传统手术组(46例)。对比两组患者临床数据(年龄、性别、左右侧、BMI)、围手术期数据(手术时间、术中出血量、术后胃肠通气时间、术后住院日、术后3个月血红蛋白和血清白蛋白值)。结果显示肾上极筋膜悬吊结扎法手术组手术时间明显缩短,两者比较差异有统计学意义(t=12.3,P0.05);比较2组数据术中出血量、术后胃肠通气时间、术后住院天数、术后3个月血红蛋白及血清白蛋白变化值均无统计学意义(P0.05)。因此肾上极筋膜悬吊结扎法后腹腔镜肾蒂淋巴管剥脱术减少手术步骤,降低手术难度,缩短手术时间。     

左主干合并右冠状动脉慢性阻塞性病变行PCI的有效性和安全性分析

观察左主干病变合并右冠状动脉慢性完全闭塞(CTO)的患者行个体化经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)的有效性和安全性。回顾性分析2009年1月~2014年8月,沈阳军区总医院心内科因左主干病变合并右冠状CTO病变行PCI术的患者。共入选46例患者,每位患者平均置入支架数(2.3±1.3)个,支架平均长度(29.52±6.98)mm,支架平均直径(3.61±0.42)mm。其中左主干病变行介入治疗手术成功率100%,右冠状动脉CTO病变行介入治疗手术成功率93.5%,总成功率95.7%,手术过程中无严重并发症,住院期间无急性血栓形成、无急诊冠状动脉旁路移植术(CABG)。术后心功能(左室内径、左室射血分数)较前均有改善。随访期间[平均随访时间:(14.48±15.01)个月],发生7例靶血管血运重建(其中2例CABG),主要不良心脏事件发生率15.2%。左主干病变合并右冠状动脉CTO病变采用个体化策略的冠脉介入治疗,可改善患者临床症状,同时无严重并发症发生。这提示对于左主干病变合并右冠状动脉CTO行PCI术是安全可行的。     

清醒状态血氧正常的慢性阻塞性肺疾病夜间血氧分析

观察清醒状态血氧饱和度大于90％的慢性阻塞性肺疾病(chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,COPD)患者夜间血氧饱和度下降情况.选择COPD患者42例,采用多导睡眠图监测.结果显示COPD患者夜间睡眠状态最低血氧饱和度(lowest oxygen saturation,LSaO2)、平均血氧饱和度(mean oxygen saturation,MSaO2)较清醒状态血氧饱和度(daytime oxygen saturation,SaO2)明显下降(P＜0.05),出现夜间低氧血症.重度肺功能损害的COPD患者夜间血氧降低明显高于轻、中度肺功能损害者(P＜0.05).提示清醒状态血氧饱和度大于90％的COPD患者夜间睡眠容易发生低氧血症;COPD病情严重程度与低氧血症程度存在一定联系.     

原发性肝癌术后肝内复发:再手术还是射频消融

观察射频消融治疗原发性肝癌术后肝内复发的临床疗效.选取我院确诊为原发性肝癌行根治性手术治疗后肝内复发且没有肝外转移的患者168例,其中99例患者行射频消融术治疗,69例行再手术治疗.观察两组患者的临床疗效、术后并发症、生存率.结果射频消融及再次手术治疗均能明显消除肝内复发病灶,射频消融治疗组未出现严重并发症,而再手术组1例患者因术后肝功能衰竭死亡.射频消融组和再手术组的1年、2年生存情况差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).应用射频消融治疗原发性肝癌术后肝内复发的临床疗效及预后与再手术治疗类似,但射频消融治疗方法的适应证更宽、术后并发症更少、更易于被患者和家属接受,可推广临床应用.     

术前肢体远隔缺血预处理对食管癌根治性手术患者单肺通气相关性肺损伤的作用及影响

探讨术前肢体远隔缺血处理后对患者单肺通气相关性肺损伤的作用。择期行食管癌根治性手术的患者60例,平均随机分为肢体远隔缺血预处理组(R组)和对照组(C组)。单肺通气前(T_1)、单肺通气后30min(T_2)、60min(T_3)、90min(T_4)、单肺通气结束即刻(T_5)、单肺通气结束后30min(T_6)时行动脉血气分析,计算各组氧合指数、呼吸指数和PaO_2/PAO_2,收集呼出气冷凝液测pH值,ELISA法测血浆TNF-α、IL-1β和IL-10浓度。与C组比较,R组T_2~T_6时刻氧合指数升高,呼吸指数降低,PaO_2/PAO_2升高,T_3~T_6时血浆TNF-α和IL-1β浓度降低,呼出气冷凝液pH值升高,T_2~T_6时血浆IL-10浓度升高(P0.05)。术前肢体远隔缺血处理后可在一定程度上减轻食管癌根治性手术患者单肺通气相关性肺损伤。     

单孔与传统腹腔镜在治疗粘连性肠梗阻中的效果对比研究

探讨单孔腹腔镜在粘连性肠梗阻中的应用价值与优势。回顾性分析2013年~2017年大连医科大学附属第二医院粘连性肠梗阻住院患者44例,其中行传统腹腔镜手术患者28例,经脐单孔腹腔镜手术患者16例,比较两组手术治疗的疗效及术后恢复情况。研究组经脐单孔腹腔镜治疗患者在手术时长、出血量,与对照组传统腹腔镜手术患者并无明显差异,而术后离床活动、排气、进食时间、术后引流管留置时间、住院时长及费用、术后并发症及半年内再梗阻发生方面有明显优势。经脐单孔腹腔镜治疗粘连性肠梗阻既具有传统腹腔镜的手术时间短,创伤小等特点,更加体现了术后并发症少、恢复快及再梗阻发生率低等优点,如果掌握合理的手术适应证,值得临床推广应用,具有广阔前景。     

A Neuropsychological Normative Database for Lung Transplant Candidates

Psychologists are increasingly asked to make decisions regarding patient candidacy for transplantation. Despite the growing incidence of lung transplantation, normative research regarding cognitive functioning and end-stage obstructive lung disease is lacking. Hence, data are presented on 100 consecutively referred candidates for lung transplantation. The group data suggest essentially normal functioning on most cognitive tests for the majority of transplant candidates. Exceptions were seen on measures of attentional set shifting and short-term visual memory, which were impaired in nearly one fourth of this population. Additionally, one half of the patients displayed deficient performance on the Buschke Selective Reminding Test, with subjects at greater risk for severe rather than mild deficits. Unlike prior research, our group data suggest that there is potential risk of short-term noncontextual verbal memory difficulties because of end-stage pulmonary disease. Personality testing data, e.g., elevations on MMPI-2 scales measuring depression and anxiety, are also discussed.     

肺癌外科治疗方法和观念的演变

人类采用外科方法治疗肺癌已有100余年的历史.肺癌的外科治疗从最初非解剖性的肿瘤烧灼切除,发展到了全肺切除以及肺叶、支气管袖式肺叶、支气管肺动脉袖式肺叶切除、气管隆突切除重建等多种术式.近来,体外循环和微创技术也被应用到了肺癌的外科治疗领域,使肺癌的外科治疗技术有了极大发展.肺癌外科治疗中有关规范化手术、淋巴结清扫以及外科在小细胞肺癌中的地位等观念也有了澄清和转变.在今天肺癌外科治疗方法的发展已几近极致,而肺癌的外科治疗水平又裹足不前的情况下,回顾肺癌外科治疗方法和观念的演变、探讨未来的发展就有较为重要的现实意义.     

血小板计数升高对肺癌诊断的临床参考价值

为了探讨血小板计数（blood platelet count,BPC）升高对肺癌诊断的临床参考价值,收集335例肺癌患者和157例肺部良性病变患者术前BPC和相应的,临床病理资料,应用SPSS统计软件分析BPC与肺癌临床病理的关系。结果显示,BPC在肺癌患者显著高于肺良性病变者;BPC在肿瘤直径较大（d〉3cm）的肺癌...     

临床肺减容术发展历程中的矛盾思辨

晚期肺气肿是进行性恶化的常见呼吸系统疾病。由于内科药物治疗不能彻底遏制疾病的自然进程,外科肺减容术应时而生。但手术治疗有着与生俱来的缺点,因此内科介入肺减容术基于相似的机理出现了,并可与外科手术序贯应用。这种矛盾双方的对立与统一促进了该领域的发展,也是一种解决临床问题的重要辩证思维。     

电视胸腔镜下肺癌切除术应用体会

电视胸腔镜手术被视为20世纪末期胸外科界革命性的一大突破,是微创胸腔外科应用范围最为广阔的胸腔镜手术。其中,腔镜下治疗非小细胞肺癌的肺叶切除术是胸外科微创的代表性手术,其创伤小、恢复快、并发症发生率低等优点日益明显。尽管胸腔镜肺癌切除的安全性及有效性得到普遍认可,而且胸腔镜手术治疗早期肺癌患者也取得了良好的效果,但目前...     

不同手术方式对早期肺癌患者凝血功能的影响

为了研究不同手术方式对早期肺癌患者凝血功能的影响,选取早期肺癌患者51例分为常规开胸组和电视胸腔镜手术(VATS)组。观察患者手术前后凝血指标的变化及临床表现。结果显示术前开胸组和VATS组患者各指标无差别。术后两组患者都出现凝血酶原时间(PT)延长,活化的部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)缩短,纤维蛋白原(Fib)、D二聚体(D-D)升高,血小板计数(PLT)术后第3天降低而术后第7天升高。术后开胸组较VATS组患者术后第1、3天Fib、D-D升高。开胸组出现1例肺血栓栓塞症(PTE)。就此得出结论VATS组和常规开胸组患者术后都处于高血凝状态,但开胸组患者术后早期更易出现血栓栓塞。     

A self-efficacy enhancing intervention for pulmonary rehabilitation based on motivational interviewing for postoperative lung cancers patients: modeling and randomized exploratory trial

The objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of a self-efficacy enhancing intervention designed for pulmonary rehabilitation based on motivational interviewing (MI) for postsurgical non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. This study was a 2-arm pilot randomized controlled trial and was conducted in two cardiothoracic surgery departments, a tertiary hospital in Fuzhou, China. 28 postsurgical NSCLC patients were randomized to a 3 month (6 session) self-efficacy enhancing intervention based on MI or usual care (UC). Data were measured at baseline and after intervention. The MI based self-efficacy enhancing intervention group was superior to the UC group for reducing anxiety and depression, improving self-efficacy, quality of life, confrontational coping, social support and functional capacity. However, no statistically significant difference was observed in subjective well-being, posttraumatic growth, body mass index and pulmonary function between the two groups. This pilot study demonstrated the feasibility of MI based self-efficacy enhancing intervention for postsurgical NSCLC patients. A larger randomized trial would demonstrate a more rigorous test of efficacy.     

Quality of life in transplant patients, compared to other stressful health situations in pulmonary patients

Transplantation may imply severe biopsychosocial impairments. In order to know the quality of life of patients one year after transplantation, 58 subjects were compared to three different groups of patients (stabilized and acute COPD patients, and lung cancer patients in a surgery unit). Patients filled in two questionnaires: EORTC QLQ-C30 (quality of life) and HAD (anxiety and depression). The quality of life dimensions with inter-group differences were physical, role, emotional and cognitive functioning, global health status, and a number of symptoms (fatigue, dyspnea, insomnia and appetite loss). There were differences in depression, and but not in anxiety. Transplant and surgical patients showed better quality of life and affective status than chronic pulmonary patients. Discriminant analysis showed that the transplant group was the best described group. We conclude that patients, one year after transplantation, show similar quality of life as asymptomatic hospitalised patients, somewhat better than chronic patients in a stabilized stage of the disease, and much better than severe chronic patients.     

Quality of life before and after lung transplantation in patients with emphysema versus other indications

Whether lung transplantation improves Health-related Quality of Life in patients with emphysema and other end-stage lung diseases before and after lung transplantation was examined. Between 1992 and 1999, 23 patients with emphysema and 19 patients with other indications completed self-administered questionnaires before lung transplantation, and at 4, 7, 13, and 25 mo. after transplantation. The questionnaire included the Nottingham Health Profile, the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, the Self-rating Depression Scale, the Index of Well-being, the self-report Karnofsky Index, and four respiratory-specific questions. Neither before nor after transplantation were significant differences found on most dimensions of Health-related Quality of Life between patients with emphysema and other indications. Before transplantation, both groups report major restrictions on the dimensions Energy and Mobility of the Nottingham Health Profile, low experienced well-being, depressive symptoms, and high dyspnea. About 4 mo. after transplantation, most Health-related Quality of Life measures improved significantly in both groups. These improvements were maintained in the following 21 mo.     

胸部双源性疾病外科治疗的临床决策

胸部双源性疾病随人口的老龄化而逐年增加,而老年人的心肺及各种脏器功能随年龄的增长逐渐衰退,并发症多,手术风险大,对此类病人的外科治疗如何做出正确的临床医疗决策?我们以循证医学理论为基础,努力做到临床医疗决策的科学性,治疗方案的合理性,大胆尝试,逐步从分期手术向一期手术过渡,既达到了解决病人疾苦,救治病人的目的,又解决了医疗需求的增加和卫生资源短缺的矛盾,取得了满意的效果,降低了医疗成本,节约了医疗资源,产生了明显的社会和经济效益。