论归隐思想与《周易》中归隐思想的学派归属

隐遁或归隐思想是中国文化中的奇葩。通常都是把隐遁与老庄联系在一起,其实,隐遁行为产生于儒、道思想形成之前,无所谓属于道家或者儒家。传说的最早的隐遁者是许由、务光、巢父,乃是庄子的创造;有明文记载的最早的隐遁者是稍晚的有殷周之际的箕子、微子、伯夷、叔齐等人。对于他们的归隐思想,儒家和道家各自作了不同的解释。儒家的归隐思想有三个要素:守志、待时、致命,其必要条件是与政治的联系。守道而不惜其身是儒家的重要特征;道家的归隐思想则是守身,坚守心灵的自由。道家主要是以庄子论,老子与庄子又有不同。《周易》经传中的归隐思想是儒家性质的。

On the thought of retirement and the academic school it should be attributed to in the Zhouyi

Retirement is an outstanding thought in Chinese culture,which is usually connected with Daoism of Lao zi and Zhuang zi.In fact,the act of retirement appeared before the formation of Confucian and Daoist thoughts,so it belongs neither to Daoism nor to Confucianism.Legend has it that the earliest retired figures are XU You,WU Guang and CHAO Fu,who are invented by Zhuang zi in his works.In historical records,the former retired are Ji zi,Wei zi,Bo yi,Shu qi and so on,who lived at the turn from the Yin to the Zhou Dynasty,on their thought of retirement,the Confucian and Daoist respectively conduct their own explanations.In the Confucian thought of retirement,there are three key elements: keep to one's ideal,wait for opportunity,and attain mandate, which are indispensably conditioned by the political circumstance,with an important feature of keeping Dao even not sparing life;the feature of the Daoist retirement is keeping human body and spiritual freedom.The thought of retirement of Daoism mainly refers to Zhuang zi's theory,which is different from that of Lao zi.The thought of retirement in the Text and Commentaries of Zhouyi belongs to Confucianism.