The Delinquency Outcomes of Boys with ADHD with and Without Comorbidity |
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Authors: | Margaret H Sibley William E Pelham Brooke S G Molina Elizabeth M Gnagy Daniel A Waschbusch Aparajita Biswas Michael G MacLean Dara E Babinski Kathryn M Karch |
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Institution: | (1) Center for Children and Families, Florida International University, HLSI Room 146; 11200 SW 8th St., Miami, FL 33199, USA;(2) State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA;(3) University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA;(4) Buffalo State College, Buffalo, NY, USA |
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Abstract: | This study examined the association between childhood ADHD and juvenile delinquency by examining data from the Pittsburgh
ADHD Longitudinal Study (PALS), a follow-up study of individuals diagnosed with ADHD in childhood (ages 5–12) and recontacted
in adolescence and young adulthood for yearly follow-up (age at first follow-up interview M = 17.26, SD = 3.17). Participants were 288 males with childhood ADHD and 209 demographically similar males without ADHD who were recruited
into the follow-up study. Delinquency information gathered yearly during the second through eighth follow-up provided a comprehensive
history of juvenile delinquency for all participants. Four childhood diagnostic groups ADHD-only (N = 47), ADHD + ODD (N = 135), ADHD + CD (N = 106), and comparison (N = 209)] were used to examine group differences on delinquency outcomes. Analyses were conducted across three dimensions of
delinquency (i.e., severity, age of initiation, and variety). Individuals with childhood ADHD + CD displayed significantly
worse delinquency outcomes than the other three groups, across almost all indices of offending. When compared to comparison
participants, boys with ADHD-only and ADHD + ODD in childhood displayed earlier ages of delinquency initiation, a greater
variety of offending, and higher prevalence of severe delinquency. These findings suggest that although childhood ADHD + CD
creates the greatest risk for delinquency, boys with ADHD-only and ADHD + ODD also appear at a higher risk for later offending.
The patterns of offending that emerged from the PALS are discussed in the context of the relationship between ADHD, comorbidity,
and delinquency. |
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