An information-processing model of the BOLD response in symbol manipulation tasks |
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Authors: | Email author" target="_blank">John?R?AndersonEmail author Yulin?Qin Myeong-Ho?Sohn V?Andrew?Stenger Cameron?S?Carter |
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Institution: | Department of Psychology, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA. ja@cmu.edu |
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Abstract: | Two imaging experiments were performed—one involving an algebraic transformation task studied by Anderson, Reder, and Lebiere
(1996) and the other an abstraction symbol manipulation task studied by Blessing and Anderson (1996). ACT-R models exist that
predict the latency patterns in these tasks. These models require activity in an imaginal buffer to represent changes to the
problem representation, in a retrieval buffer to hold information from declarative memory, and in a manual buffer to hold
information about motor behavior. A general theory is described about how to map activity in these buffers onto the fMRI blood
oxygen level dependent (BOLD) response. This theory claims that the BOLD response is integrated over the duration that a buffer
is active and can be used to predict the observed BOLD function. Activity in the imaginal buffer is shown to predict the BOLD
response in a left posterior parietal region; activity in the retrieval buffer is shown to predict the BOLD response in a
left prefrontal region; and activity in the manual buffer is shown to predict activity in a motor region. More generally,
this article shows how to map a large class of information-processing theories (not just ACT-R) onto the BOLD response and
provides a precise interpretation of the cognitive significance of the BOLD response. |
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