Contextualist Approaches to Epistemology: Problems and Prospects |
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Authors: | Elke Brendel and Christoph Jäger |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Philosophy, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55099 Mainz, Germany;(2) Department of Philosophy, University of Aberdeen, Old Brewery High Street, Aberdeen, AB24 3UB, UK |
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Abstract: | In this paper we survey some main arguments for and against epistemological contextualism. We distinguish and discuss various kinds of contextualism, such as attributer contextualism (the most influential version of which is semantic, conversational, or radical contextualism); indexicalism; proto-contextualism; Wittgensteinian contextualism; subject, inferential, or issue contextualism; epistemic contextualism; and virtue contextualism. Starting with a sketch of Dretske s Relevant Alternatives Theory and Nozick s Tracking Account of Knowledge, we reconstruct the history of various forms of contextualism and the ways contextualists try to handle some notorious epistemological quandaries, especially skepticism and the lottery paradox. Then we outline the most important problems that contextualist theories face, and give overviews of their criticisms and defenses as developed in this issue. |
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