Dark vergence in human infants: implications for the development of binocular vision |
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| Institution: | 1. Wilmer Institute, Baltimore, Maryland;2. Jaeb Center for Health Research, Tampa, Florida;3. Baylor College of Medicine/Texas Children''s Hospital, Houston, Texas;4. The Emory Eye Center, Atlanta, Georgia;5. Duke Eye Center, Durham, North Carolina;6. Children''s Mercy Hospitals and Clinics, Kansas City, Missouri;7. Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children''s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois;8. University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Texas;1. Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada;2. Jaeb Center for Health Research, Tampa, Florida;3. Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota;4. Southern California College of Optometry at Marshall B. Ketchum University, Fullerton, California;5. Duke Eye Center, Durham, North Carolina;6. Department of Ophthalmology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina;7. Vanderbilt Eye Center, Nashville, Tennessee;8. Retina Foundation of the Southwest, Dallas, Texas;1. Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, and Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China;2. State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 10080, China;1. National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre for Ophthalmology, Moorfields Eye Hospital National Health Service Foundation Trust and University College London Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom;2. Centre for Optometry and Vision Science Research, School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, United Kingdom;3. Department of Neuro-Ophthalmology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, United Kingdom;2. Clinical Research Centre, Kingston General Hospital, Kingston, Ont;1. Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California;2. Center for Mind/Brain Sciences, The University of Trento, Trento, Italy |
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| Abstract: | The resting position of binocular alignment in 1- to 4-month-olds, 6- to 18-month-olds, and adults was estimated by obtaining photographic measures of interpupillary distance in total darkness. The mean dark vergence position in the adult group corresponded to a distance of approximately 100 cm, similar to a previous estimate of 120 cm (Owens and Leibowitz 1976). The mean dark vergence position in the group of 1- to 4-month-olds was approximately 25 cm and in the group of 6- to 18-month-olds was approximately 50 cm. These near dark vergence positions in infants provide strong evidence that inaccuracies in binocular fixation during early infancy are not the result of a divergence bias. The developmental implications of dark vergence, accommodative vergence, and fusional vergence for the control of binocular alignment and distance perception during infancy are discussed. |
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