Baseball batters support an ecological efference mediation theory of natural event perception

People with healthy motor systems often expose themselves to natural conditions that induce errors in registered eye or limb position. Visual illusions accompany such errors in the oculomotor system. In the present study, natural conditions induced illusions that disturbed the ability of batters to hit a pitched baseball. Theoretical implications include the conclusion that a better understanding of perception and action relationships will emerge from studies of the interaction between motor information and rich visual information. Practical implications concern performance of athletes and aircraft pilots.