进化心理学视角下的两性冲突与缓和

进化心理学观点认为两性冲突是一个性别达到最佳适应的过程被另一个性别所阻碍,其根本原因是两性繁衍成功的根本进化利益存在冲突。从进化心理学的角度,根据两性敌对性选择理论,两性冲突可以分为基因座内的两性冲突与基因座间的两性冲突,前者可由性选择理论解释,后者涉及到两性的适应与反适应以及在军备竞赛中的协同进化。而两性冲突缓和则可以由费舍尔模型与基因复制理论、性别二态性和一夫一妻制度解释。两性冲突及缓和也分别具有进化心理学的相关实证依据支持。未来两性冲突领域的研究需要提升研究方法的客观性及两性冲突特质的多样性,并关注两性冲突缓和的现实有效途径以及婚配制度与评估方式对繁衍成功的交互作用。

Sexual Conflict and Solution:From the Perspective of Evolutionary Psychology

According to evolutionary psychology,sexual conflict occurs when the process of one sex to reach its optimal fitness is oppressed by the other sex.The origin of sexual conflict refers to the evolutionary interest of two sexes on reproductive success conflicts with each other.From the perspective of evolutionary psychology,sexual conflict includes intralocus sexual conflict and interlocus sexual conflict.The former can be explained by sexual selection theory and the latter involves adaptation and anti-adaptation between sexes and coevolution in the arms race.The solution of sexual conflict can be explained by Fisher’s geometric model and gene duplication theory,monogamy,and sexual dimorphism theory.So far,empirical evidences on sexual conflict and solution have been provided from researches based on evolutionary psychology.Based on the summary of outcomes released by previous researchers,authors of this paper argue that further research is needed on exploring the diversity of conflict traits,seeking out realistic ways to solve ongoing human sexual conflicts and the interactional effect of mating system and ways of evaluation on reproductive success.