注视者及观察者因素对注视知觉的影响

注视知觉既包括识别他人对周围环境的注视位置, 也包括对他人是否在注视自己(即直视)的感知。诸多研究表明, 注视知觉过程受来自目光发出者与感知者多种因素的影响。从眼神沟通中不同角色角度出发, 将这些影响因素分为注视者因素和观察者因素。具体而言, 注视者因素主要探讨了眼部及头部物理特征及面孔情绪与吸引力对注视知觉的影响。而观察者因素则探讨了个体的心理或精神障碍、个体当前状态特征及观察者的性别、种族及文化差异对注视知觉的影响。未来研究可以从创新实验设计与任务出发, 探讨注视者刺激的实验材料与观察者特征的临床应用及跨文化差异等方面的问题。

The influence of gazer and observer factors on gaze perception

Gaze perception includes both recognizing the location where another person gazes at in the surrounding environment and the judgment of whether another person is looking at ourselves or not.Previous studies have shown that gaze perception is influenced by many factors from the perspectives of the gazer and observer.In this paper,we reviewed and discussed these factors.Specifically,from the perspective of the gazer,we discussed the influence of the gazers’facial emotions and attractiveness and the physical characteristics of the eyes and the head on gaze perception.From the perspective of the observer,we discussed the influence of individuals’psychological disorders,current states,and the observer’s gender,race and culture differences on gaze perception.Future research could develop innovative experimental designs and tasks to explore more about the role of stimulus type,the clinical application,and cross-cultural differences in the field of gaze perception.