上下文熟悉效应对元记忆监测和记忆的影响

在认知任务中,伴随编码和检索的外围信息被称为上下文,其本身并不是编码或检索的目标。如果学习时的上下文在其后进行提取时重复出现,不管是否对应之前的学习项目,都会增加个体再认正确的概率。这种由于上下文增强项目熟悉感而促进记忆效果的现象就称为上下文熟悉效应。本研究通过两个实验探究上下文熟悉效应对元记忆监测及记忆的影响机制。其中,元记忆监测是以学习判断和信心判断为指标。记忆成绩则是以再认正确率为指标。研究结果显示:第一,上下文熟悉效应影响元记忆监测:学习判断等级上,恢复条件显著高于新条件,且不受任务难度影响; 信心判断等级上,简单任务时恢复条件与新条件无显著差异,困难任务时恢复条件显著高于新条件。第二,上下文熟悉效应影响记忆成绩:再认成绩上,简单任务时新条件显著高于恢复条件; 困难任务时恢复条件显著高于新条件。研究得出结论:上下文熟悉效应对元记忆监测和记忆都有显著影响,任务难度起调节作用。

The Effect of Context Familiarity on Metamemory Monitoring and Memory

Both encoding information in memory and its later retrieval occur in context.Context can be understood as any type of information that accompanies encoding and retrieval but is not itself a target of either encoding or retrieval.Context has been investigated mostly to determine whether reinstating study context at the moment of testing facilitates memory retrieval,which is called context familiarity effect.In this study,two experiments were conducted to explore the mechanism of context familiarity effect on metamemory monitoring and memory.Metamemory monitoring is based on judgment of learning and confidence judgment.Memory performance is based on recognition accuracy.The results show that:First,context familiarity affects metamemory monitoring.On the degree of judgment of learning,the reinstated condition was significantly higher than the novel condition,which was not affected by task difficulty; on the degree of confidence judgment,there was no significant difference between the reinstated condition and the novel condition in simple task,but significant in hard task.In terms of recognition score,the novel conditions were significantly higher than the reinstated conditions in simple tasks; the reinstated conditions were significantly higher than the novel conditions in difficult tasks.The results show that context familiarity has a significant effect on metamemory monitoring and memory,and task difficulty plays a moderating role.