幸灾乐祸的重新审视和互动过程模型的构想

幸灾乐祸是人类普遍存在的一种社会情绪, 但却是一个远未研究透彻的领域。以往研究将幸灾乐祸视为一种不道德的情绪, 而现在越来越多的研究者认为其有一定的正向意义并循此展开研究。通过对国内外相关研究的全面梳理, 对幸灾乐祸的概念与测量方法的总结及对现有研究的整合, 构想了幸灾乐祸的互动过程模型。该模型的优势在于基于互动视角融合了互动双方(自身和他人)因素, 并基于过程视角明晰了幸灾乐祸乐祸发生的过程和发生后的变化。该模型指出今后研究者应关注幸灾乐祸前后事件的发生情境和情境中的多方互动, 并希冀对其他社会情绪研究具有一定启发意义。

Reconsideration of Schadenfreude and a proposal of an interactive process model

Schadenfreude is a social emotion involving feelings of satisfaction or joy arising from learning about other people’s misfortunes.Although it is regarded as universally prevalent there has been very little research about it.While it used to be posited immoral,recent scholars have considered it to be meaningful and have undertaken research about it.In this essay,Chinese and international studies were reviewed,concepts and measurements of Schadenfreude were summarized,and an interactive process model(IPM)was proposed.The strength of the model lies in that it integrated factors of both parties in interaction(the self and the others)based on an interactive perspective and it clarified the process of and the changes after the occurrence of Schadenfreude based on a process perspective.According to the model,researchers should pay attention to the contexts and interactions before and after the occurrence of Schadenfreude.The model may also assist our understanding of studies on other social emotions.