友伴人际品格对儿童人际品格的影响:友伴数量的调节作用及儿童群体差异

友伴是儿童发展的重要影响源。本研究从儿童积极发展的视角探讨友伴人际品格（仁慈和公正）对儿童人际品格的影响及友伴数量在其中的调节作用，并检验了儿童的群体（学段、性别、是否独生）差异状况。研究采用班级同伴提名法及儿童品格调查问卷对1555名4~9年级儿童及其互提名友伴展开调查。结果发现：（1）友伴仁慈和公正显著预测所有儿童群体的仁慈和公正；（2）儿童的友伴数量更多时，友伴公正对其公正的预测作用更显著；该调节效应仅体现在初中生和男生群体上。研究结果表明，儿童与具有积极品格特征的友伴交往对其积极品格的发展至关重要，且对于特定群体（如初中生、男生），与越多具有积极品质的友伴交往，其受到的积极影响越大。

Influence of Playmates' Interpersonal Character on Children's Interpersonal Character: The Moderating Role of the Number of Playmates and Child Group Differences

Playmates is an important source of influence on children's development. This study aimed to explore the positive associations between playmates' and children's interpersonal character (including humanity and justice) from the perspective of children's positive development. In addition, the moderating role of the number of playmates in the associations and child group differences (i.e., grade, gender, sibling status) were examined. Participates were 1555 fourth-to ninth-graders and their reciprocal playmates. The peer nomination method and a character questionnaire were employed to conduct the investigation. The results showed that:(1) The playmates' and children's humanity as well as justice was significantly associated, regardless of the child grade, gender, and sibling status; (2) The association between playmates' and children's justice was enhanced with the number of playmates increasing, however, this moderating effect displayed only on the secondary school children and boys. These findings suggested that children's associating with playmates who have positive character is significant to their development of positive character. In particular, children of some specific groups (e.g., secondary school children and boys) interacting with more playmates with good character may receive the greater positive influence from playmates.