竞赛压力、注意控制与运动表现关系的理论演进

竞赛压力及其引发的紧张焦虑对运动员的竞技状态有重要影响。注意控制理论(attentional control theory, ACT)从注意控制角度解释焦虑如何影响操作表现。阐述了ACT的历史演变过程和基本假设, 梳理了ACT在运动领域的适用性检验和基于ACT的拓展研究, 引出了ACT的发展理论——运动注意控制理论, 进而分析了其与挑战-威胁生物心理社会模型和自我控制力量模型的整合链接点, 提出了“压力-资源-注意控制整合模型”, 以更好地理解竞赛压力、注意控制与运动表现之间的关系。

Theory evolution of the relationship between competitive pressure,attentional control and sports performance

Competitive pressure and anxiety have a significant impact on athletes' performance. Attentional control theory explains how anxiety affects performance from the perspective of top-down attentional control. The evolution and development of attentional control theory was unfolded in this paper. First, its historical evolution from the cognitive interference theory and processing efficiency theory was reviewed. Second, the empirical research examining the basic assumptions of attentional control theory in sports field, and the extended research based on these hypotheses were introduced. Third, the developmental theory - attentional control theory: sport was introduced. Finally, the interlinkage of this new theory with the biopsychosocial model of challenge and threat and the strength model of self-control was analyzed, and a “pressure-resource-attentional control integration model” was proposed. The integration model will contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of the relationship between competitive pressure, attentional control and sports performance.