情绪智力的代际传递：有调节的中介模型

为考察父母情绪智力对青少年情绪智力的代际传递效应，同时探讨情感温暖的中介作用以及同伴关系的调节作用，对644名初中生及其父母进行调查，由父母报告自身情绪智力水平，青少年报告父母情感温暖、同伴关系以及自身情绪智力水平。结果发现：（1）父母情绪智力显著正向影响子女情绪智力。（2）父母情感温暖在父母情绪智力与子女情绪智力之间中介效应显著。（3）同伴关系在父母情感温暖影响子女情绪智力的路径中起显著调节作用。

Intergenerational transmission of emotional intelligence: Moderated Mediating Effect

Emotional intelligence refers to the comprehensive ability to perceive, express, manage and use emotions. It is also a rich synthesis of a series of individual emotions, personalities and interpersonal relationships. Previous studies have shown that emotional intelligence is closely related to teenagers' subjective well-being, academic achievement and interpersonal communication, and it has been proven that emotional intelligence can effectively moderate the relationship between risk factors and individual development. Furthermore, studies abroad have shown that there is a certain degree of intergenerational transmission of emotional intelligence. According to the attachment theory, positive parenting can promote secure attachment. Individuals with secure attachment can precisely perceive others' emotions and effectively moderate their own negative emotions, which is conducive to the formation of higher emotional intelligence. Therefore, the first aim of this study is to examine whether parental emotional warmth mediates the intergenerational transmission of emotional intelligence. Lerner’s developmental contextualism suggests that the physical and mental development of an individual is affected by various environments, and each environment does not work independently, but interacts together to play a systematic role in human development. With the increase of age, the impact of peer relationship on teenagers is becoming more crucial than that of family factors. A satisfactory peer relationship is conducive to making teenagers feel supported and more inclined to accept the care and warmth of others. Although the influence of the family environment on adolescents has gradually diminished, it has persisted. The support and encouragement from peers make teenagers more willing to open their hearts to the emotional warmth of their parents, thus promoting their own emotional intelligence development. Therefore, the second aim of this study is to examine the moderating effect of peer relationship between parental emotional warmth and adolescents’ emotional intelligence.In order to investigate the intergenerational transmission effect of parents' emotional intelligence on teenagers' emotional intelligence, and to explore the mediating effect of emotional warmth and the moderating effect of peer relationship, 644 junior high school students and their parents were investigated. Parents reported their own emotional intelligence level, and adolescents reported the level of perceived parental emotional warmth, peer relationship and their own emotional intelligence. The findings are as follows: (1) the emotional intelligence of parents significantly positively predicted adolescents' emotional intelligence. (2) Parental emotional warmth plays a significant mediating role between parental emotional intelligence and adolescent emotional intelligence.(3) Peer relationship plays a moderating role in the relationship between emotional warmth and teenagers’ emotional intelligence. To be specific, compared to individuals with poor peer relationships, emotional warmth has a stronger effect on the emotional intelligence of adolescents with favorable peer relationships.This study innovatively investigated the intergenerational transmission of emotional intelligence and its internal mechanism in the sample of Chinese adolescents. The findings are of great value to reveal the developmental law of adolescent emotional intelligence and have theoretical and practical significance for the cultivation of adolescent emotional intelligence both in family education and school education. However, this study is not without limitations. One limitation is that parenting style is a multi-dimensional variable. This study only examined the positive dimension of emotional warmth. Future studies can comprehensively examine the effect of other dimensions of parenting style on the intergenerational transmission of emotional intelligence. An additional limitation is that the cross-sectional study adopted in this study cannot explain the causal relationship among the variables, longitudinal design can be used in future research to further verify the impact of parental emotional intelligence on adolescent emotional intelligence. Furthermore, as the subjects in this study were selected from two-parent families in Guangzhou, it remains to be further verified whether the findings can be applied to other populations.