反社会行为的遗传基础:基因多态性和DNA甲基化

反社会行为是受遗传与环境共同影响的不良行为。分子遗传学和神经生物学的研究发现，基因以基因多态性和DNA甲基化的方式影响脑结构、功能及脑内神经递质的产生和释放，进而影响反社会行为的发生发展。本文从基因多态性和DNA甲基化两方面整理了5-HTT、MAOA、OXTR等8个候选基因与反社会行为的关联。并提出未来研究需进一步探讨基因、脑和神经递质对反社会行为的联合作用。同时，扩展多基因位点、基因多态性与DNA甲基化、积极环境与基因交互作用对反社会行为影响的研究，以全面探索反社会行为发生的遗传基础，进而更加有效的预防反社会行为。

The Genetic Basis of Antisocial Behavior: Gene Polymorphism and DNA Methylation

Antisocial behavior is influenced by both gene and environment. Molecular genetics and neurobiological studies have found that gene polymorphisms and DNA methylation affect structure and function of brain, as well as the production and release of neurotransmitters, all of which can impact antisocial behavior. In this paper, the association between antisocial behavior and eight candidate genes, including 5-HTT, MAOA, DRD4, etc., is reviewed from the perspectives of gene polymorphism and DNA methylation. It is proposed that future studies should explore how genes, brain and neurotransmitters affect antisocial behavior together. Meanwhile, research on the combined effects of multiple loci, the interaction between gene polymorphism and DNA methylation, as well as the interaction between positive environment and genes should be expanded, so as to comprehensively investigate the genetic basis of antisocial behavior, and to prevent antisocial behavior more effectively.