主观声旁家族对汉语儿童汉字命名的影响

研究选取三年级、五年级和七年级学生，采用两个汉字命名实验，考察主观声旁家族对汉字命名的影响。实验一操纵主观声旁家族大小，发现三年级儿童没有表现出家族效应；五年级儿童表现出边缘显著的家族抑制效应，即对大家族的字命名更慢；七年级儿童表现出显著的家族抑制效应。实验二操纵了目标字是否有高频家族成员字（higher frequency neighbors，HFNs）这个变量，发现儿童普遍都表现出HFNs抑制效应，即对有高频家族成员字的目标字命名更慢。以上结果表明随着年级增长，主观声旁家族对儿童命名的影响逐渐增强，且高年级儿童已表现出家族抑制效应，这一表现与普遍出现的HFNs抑制效应有关。

The Effect of Subjective Phonetic-radical Neighborhood on Character Naming in Chinese Children

To explore the impact of subjective phonetic-radical N on character naming in Chinese children, two naming tasks were carried out in 3^rd, 5^th and 7^th grade students. In experiment 1, subjective N size was manipulated, results revealed that 3^rd graders showed null N size effect; 5^th graders showed a marginally significant inhibitory effect of subjective N size, naming characters from small subjective N faster than naming those from large subjective N; while 7^th graders showed a significant inhibitory effect. In experiment 2, the independent variable was whether targets had higher-frequency neighbors, results exhibited that there was a significant inhibitory effect of higher-frequency neighbors, children needed longer reaction times for targets with higher-frequency neighbors than for those without higher-frequency neighbors. The above results suggested that the influence of subjective phonetic-radical N on character naming was gradually enhanced with age, there existed inhibitory effect of subjective N size in senior children. And this influence was related to the inhibitory effect of higher-frequency neighbors.