认知共情和情绪共情的发展差异:元分析初探

共情的毕生发展模型表明认知共情和情绪共情两维度可能存在发展差异，本研究借助元分析技术考察个体认知共情和情绪共情的毕生发展特点。通过文献检索和筛查，获取了136项研究和178个独立效应量，共计50606名被试。发表偏差检验表明文献选取不存在发表偏差，异质性检验表明应选取随机效应模型进行分析。随机效应模型分析的结果表明，总体而言个体的共情反应以认知共情为主（Z=5.39，p<0.001）。进一步的调节效应分析表明，不同发展阶段个体的共情反应受认知共情和情绪共情的影响存在差异（Q_b=73.99，p<0.001）。具体而言，学前期儿童主要以情绪共情为主，儿童中期至成年早期主要以认知共情为主，成年中期至成年晚期主要以情绪共情为主。

Difference between Cognitive Empathy and Affective Empathy in Development: Meta-analysis Preliminary Exploration

Empathy consists of cognitive empathy and affective empathy. The model of lifespan development of empathy suggests that the development of two components may show different characteristics. Thus, the current research employed a meta-analysis to investigate the characteristics in question. Through literature retrieval, 136 studies and 178 independent effect sizes met the inclusion criteria, with a total of 50606 participants. Funnel plotting, Egger's intercept test, and trim-and-fill test showed no publication bias, and heterogeneity test indicated that a random effects model was appropriate for the meta-analysis. Random effects modelling demonstrated that cognitive empathy was significantly stronger than affective empathy (Z=5.39, p<0.001). A moderator analysis revealed that age moderated the difference (Q_b=73.99,p<0.001). Specifically, affective empathy was the primary component in preschool, cognitive empathy in middle childhood through emerging adulthood, affective empathy again in middle and late adulthood, and puberty saw the strongest difference between cognitive empathy and affective empathy.