形象度对图标内隐记忆和外显记忆的影响

记忆心理学领域大量研究证实了内隐记忆和外显记忆的ERP分离,且内隐记忆相比外显记忆在记忆容量、保持时间及稳定性上均有优势。实验记录了15名被试在内隐记忆任务与外显记忆任务中形象图标和抽象图标的行为及ERP数据。结果表明:内隐记忆中,形象图标的行为和300～500ms顶区差异波的启动量均显著高于抽象图标。外显记忆中,形象图标的外显记忆正确率显著高于抽象图标,而反应时无显著差异; 300～500ms额区的差异波,形象图标显著负向于抽象图标,而500～800ms顶区的晚成分差异波两者无显著差异。研究结果表明,形象图标在浅加工下进行无意识记忆具有明显的优势。形象图标与抽象图标在图形化界面语言的使用中一直存在争论,通过实验在行为指标与脑电生理指标上提供了量化证据。

Effects of Concreteness on Implicit Memory and Explicit Memory of Icons

A large number of studies in the field of memory psychology have confirmed the event-related potential(ERP)separation of implicit memory and explicit memory,and the implicit memory has advantages over explicit memory in memory capacity,retention time and stability.This study recorded the behavior and ERP data of image and abstract icons in implicit and explicit memory tasks of 15 participants.Experimental results show that both the prime of behavioral data and the amplitude of difference waves in the parietal region ranged from 300ms to 500ms of image icon are significantly larger than those of abstract icon for implicit memory.In terms of explicit memory,the accuracy of the image icon in the behavioral results is significantly higher than that of the abstract icon,while there is no significant difference between both in the reaction time.What’s more,when difference waves are in the frontal region ranged from 300ms to 500ms,the image icon is significantly negative to the abstract icon; when the late component difference waves are in the parietal region ranged from 500ms to 800ms,the image icon is almost consistent with the abstract icon.According to the research finding,the image icon has the distinct advantage to conduct unconscious memory under shallow processing.ICONS and abstract ICONS have always been controversial in the use of graphical interface language.The experiment provides quantitative evidence on behavioral and electrophysiological indicators.